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Author | Смирнов, К. В. | ||||
Title | AlGaAs/GaAs смеситель на эффекте разогрева двумерных электронов для тепловизора субмиллиметрового диапазона | Type | Abstract | ||
Year | 2003 | Publication | Тезисы докладов VI Российской конференции по физике полупроводников | Abbreviated Journal | |
Volume | Issue | Pages | 181 | ||
Keywords | 2DEG, AlGaAs/GaAs heterostructures, mixer | ||||
Abstract | |||||
Address | ФТИ им. А. Ф. Иоффе, Санк-Петербург | ||||
Corporate Author | Thesis | ||||
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Language | Summary Language | Original Title | |||
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ISSN | ISBN | Medium | |||
Area | Expedition | Conference | VI Российской конференции по физике полупроводников (27-31 октября) | ||
Notes | Unconfirmed; Сама конференция, однако, была -- её упоминают: [http://www.nsc.ru/HBC/article.phtml?nid=271&id=17], [https://www.isp.nsc.ru/institut/nauchnye-podrazdeleniya/lab-20/publikatsii/2003], [http://www.ioffe.ru/sem_tech/sem%5Fteh%5Fmovpe%5Fpublications%5Fru.htm#R2003], [https://istina.ips.ac.ru/collections/828771/] | Approved | no | ||
Call Number | Serial | 1837 | |||
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Author | Гольцман, Г.Н.; Лудков, Д.Н. | ||||
Title | Сверхпроводниковые смесители на горячих электронах терагерцового диапазона и их применение в радиоастрономии | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2003 | Publication | Изв. высших учебных заведений. Радиофизика | Abbreviated Journal | |
Volume | 46 | Issue | 8/9 | Pages | |
Keywords | HEB, mixers | ||||
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Language | russian | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | RPLAB @ s @ | Serial | 473 | ||
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Author | Zwiller, V.; Aichele, T.; Seifert, W.; Persson, J.; Benson, O. | ||||
Title | Generating visible single photons on demand with single InP quantum dots | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2003 | Publication | Applied Physics Letters | Abbreviated Journal | Appl. Phys. Lett. |
Volume | 82 | Issue | 10 | Pages | 1509-1511 |
Keywords | single photon, quantum dot, InP | ||||
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Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
ISSN | 0003-6951 | ISBN | Medium | ||
Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | Serial | 503 | |||
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Author | Zhang, Jin; Slysz, W.; Verevkin, A.; Okunev, O.; Chulkova, G.; Korneev, A.; Lipatov, A.; Gol'tsman, G. N.; Sobolewski, R. | ||||
Title | Response time characterization of NbN superconducting single-photon detectors | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2003 | Publication | IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. | Abbreviated Journal | |
Volume | 13 | Issue | 2 | Pages | 180-183 |
Keywords | SSPD jitter, SNSPD jitter | ||||
Abstract | We report our time-resolved measurements of NbN-based superconducting single-photon detectors. The structures are meander-type, 10-nm thick, and 200-nm wide stripes and were operated at 4.2 K. We have shown that the NbN devices can count single-photon pulses with below 100-ps time resolution. The response signal pulse width was about 150 ps, and the system jitter was measured to be 35 ps. | ||||
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Publisher | IEEE | Place of Publication | Editor | ||
Language | Summary Language | Original Title | |||
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Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | Serial | 1058 | |||
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Author | Zhang, J.; Słysz, W.; Pearlman, A.; Verevkin, A.; Sobolewski, R.; Okunev, O.; Chulkova, G.; Gol’tsman, G. N. | ||||
Title | Time delay of resistive-state formation in superconducting stripes excited by single optical photons | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2003 | Publication | Phys. Rev. B | Abbreviated Journal | Phys. Rev. B |
Volume | 67 | Issue | 13 | Pages | 132508 (1 to 4) |
Keywords | NbN SSPD, SNSPD | ||||
Abstract | We have observed a 65(±5)-ps time delay in the onset of a resistive-state formation in 10-nm-thick, 130-nm-wide NbN superconducting stripes exposed to single photons. The delay in the photoresponse decreased to zero when the stripe was irradiated by multi-photon (classical) optical pulses. Our NbN structures were kept at 4.2 K, well below the material’s critical temperature, and were illuminated by 100-fs-wide optical pulses. The time-delay phenomenon has been explained within the framework of a model based on photon-induced generation of a hotspot in the superconducting stripe and subsequent, supercurrent-assisted, resistive-state formation across the entire stripe cross section. The measured time delays in both the single-photon and two-photon detection regimes agree well with theoretical predictions of the resistive-state dynamics in one-dimensional superconducting stripes. | ||||
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Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
ISSN | 0163-1829 | ISBN | Medium | ||
Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | Serial | 1519 | |||
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Author | Zhang, J.; Pearlman, A.; Slysz, W.; Verevkin, A.; Sobolewski, R.; Wilsher, K.; Lo, W.; Okunev, O.; Korneev, A.; Kouminov, P.; Chulkova, G.; Gol’tsman, G. N. | ||||
Title | A superconducting single-photon detector for CMOS IC probing | Type | Conference Article | ||
Year | 2003 | Publication | Proc. 16-th LEOS | Abbreviated Journal | Proc. 16-th LEOS |
Volume | 2 | Issue | Pages | 602-603 | |
Keywords | NbN SSPD, SNSPD | ||||
Abstract | In this paper, a novel, time-resolved, NbN-based, superconducting single-photon detector (SSPD) has been developed for probing CMOS integrated circuits (ICs) using photon emission timing analysis (PETA). | ||||
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Area | Expedition | Conference | The 16th Annual Meeting of the IEEE Lasers and Electro-Optics Society, 2003. LEOS 2003. | ||
Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | Serial | 1510 | |||
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Author | Zhang, J.; Pearlman, A.; Slysz, W.; Verevkin, A.; Sobolewski, R.; Okunev, O.; Korneev, A.; Kouminov, P.; Smirnov, K.; Chulkova, G.; Gol’tsman, G. N.; Lo, W.; Wilsher, K. | ||||
Title | Infrared picosecond superconducting single-photon detectors for CMOS circuit testing | Type | Conference Article | ||
Year | 2003 | Publication | CLEO/QELS | Abbreviated Journal | CLEO/QELS |
Volume | Issue | Pages | Cmv4 | ||
Keywords | NbN SSPD; SNSPD; Infrared; Quantum detectors; Electron beam lithography; Infrared detectors; Infrared radiation; Quantum efficiency; Single photon detectors; Superconductors | ||||
Abstract | Novel, NbN superconducting single-photon detectors have been developed for ultrafast, high quantum efficiency detection of single quanta of infrared radiation. Our devices have been successfully implemented in a commercial VLSI CMOS circuit testing system. | ||||
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Publisher | Optical Society of America | Place of Publication | Editor | ||
Language | Summary Language | Original Title | |||
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ISSN | ISBN | Medium | |||
Area | Expedition | Conference | Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics/Quantum Electronics and Laser Science Conference | ||
Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | Serial | 1518 | |||
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Author | Zhang, J.; Boiadjieva, N.; Chulkova, G.; Deslandes, H.; Gol'tsman, G. N.; Korneev, A.; Kouminov, P.; Leibowitz, M.; Lo, W.; Malinsky, R.; Okunev, O.; Pearlman, A.; Slysz, W.; Smirnov, K.; Tsao, C.; Verevkin, A.; Voronov, B.; Wilsher, K.; Sobolewski, R. | ||||
Title | Noninvasive CMOS circuit testing with NbN superconducting single-photon detectors | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2003 | Publication | Electron. Lett. | Abbreviated Journal | Electron. Lett. |
Volume | 39 | Issue | 14 | Pages | 1086-1088 |
Keywords | NbN SSPD, SNSPD, applications | ||||
Abstract | The 3.5 nm thick-film, meander-structured NbN superconducting single-photon detectors have been implemented in the CMOS circuit-testing system based on the detection of near-infrared photon emission from switching transistors and have significantly improved the performance of the system. Photon emissions from both p- and n-MOS transistors have been observed. | ||||
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Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
ISSN | 0013-5194 | ISBN | Medium | ||
Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | Serial | 1512 | |||
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Author | Yagoubov, P. L.; Hoogeveen, R. W. M.; Maurellis, A. M.; Mair, U.; Krocka, M.; Wagner, G.; Birk, M.; Hiibers, H.-W.; Richter, H.; Semenov, A.; Gol'tsman, G.; Voronov, B.; Koshelets, V.; Shitov, S.; Ellison, B.; Kerridge, B.; Matheson, D.; Alderman, B.; Harman, M.; Siddans, R.; Reburn, J. | ||||
Title | TELIS — development of a new balloon borne THz/submm heterodyne limb sounder | Type | Conference Article | ||
Year | 2003 | Publication | Proc. 14th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol. | Abbreviated Journal | Proc. 14th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol. |
Volume | Issue | Pages | 204-214 | ||
Keywords | limb-sounder, TELIS | ||||
Abstract | We present a design concept for a new state-of-the-art balloon borne atmospheric monitor that will allow enhanced limb sounding of the Earth's atmosphere within the submillimeter and far-infrared wavelength spectral range: TELIS, TErahertz and submm LImb Sounder. The instrument is being developed by a consortium of major European institutes that includes the Space Research Organisation of the Netherlands (SRON), the Rutherford Appleton Laboratory (RAL) in the United Kingdom and the Deutschen Zentrum far Luft- und Raumfahrt (DLR) in Germany (lead institute). TELIS will utilise state-of-the-art superconducting heterodyne technology and is designed to be a compact, lightweight instrument capable of providing broad spectral coverage, high spectral resolution and long flight duration (-24 hours duration during a single flight campaign). The combination of high sensitivity and extensive flight duration will allow evaluation of the diurnal variation of key atmospheric constituents such as OH, HO,, C10, BrO together will longer lived constituents such as 0 3 , HCL and N 2 0. Furthermore, TELIS will share a common balloon platform to that of the MIPAS-B Fourier Transform Spectrometer, developed by the Institute of Meteorology and Climate research of the University of Karlsruhe, Germany. MIPAS-B will provide simultaneous and complementary spectral measurements over an extended spectral range. The combination of the TELIS and MIPAS instruments will provide atmospheric scientists with a very powerful observational tool. TELIS will serve as a testbed for new cryogenic heterodyne detection techniques, and as such it will act as a prelude to future spacebome instruments planned by the European Space Agency (ESA). | ||||
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Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | Serial | 1499 | |||
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Author | Verevkin, A.; Slysz, W.; Pearlman, A.; Zhang, J.; Sobolewski, R.; Okunev, O.; Korneev, A.; Kouminov, P.; Smirnov, K.; Chulkova, G.; Gol’tsman, G. N.; Currie, M. | ||||
Title | Real-time GHz-rate counting of infrared photons using nanostructured NbN superconducting detectors | Type | Conference Article | ||
Year | 2003 | Publication | CLEO/QELS | Abbreviated Journal | CLEO/QELS |
Volume | Issue | Pages | CThM8 | ||
Keywords | NbN SSPD; SNSPD; Infrared; Quantum detectors; Detectors; Photon counting; Quantum communications; Quantum cryptography; Single photon detectors; Superconductors | ||||
Abstract | We demonstrate that our ultrathin, nanometer-width NbN superconducting single-photon detectors are capable of above 1-GHz-frequency, real-time counting of near-infrared photons. The measured system jitter of the detector is below 15 ps. | ||||
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Publisher | Optical Society of America | Place of Publication | Editor | ||
Language | Summary Language | Original Title | |||
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ISSN | ISBN | Medium | |||
Area | Expedition | Conference | Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics/Quantum Electronics and Laser Science Conference | ||
Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | Serial | 1517 | |||
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Author | Verevkin, A. A.; Pearlman, A.; Slysz, W.; Zhang, J.; Sobolewski, R.; Chulkova, G.; Okunev, O.; Kouminov, P.; Drakinskij, V.; Smirnov, K.; Kaurova, N.; Voronov, B.; Gol’tsman, G.; Currie, M. | ||||
Title | Ultrafast superconducting single-photon detectors for infrared wavelength quantum communications | Type | Conference Article | ||
Year | 2003 | Publication | Proc. SPIE | Abbreviated Journal | Proc. SPIE |
Volume | 5105 | Issue | Pages | 160-170 | |
Keywords | NbN SSPD, SNSPD, applications, single-photon detector, quantum cryptography, quantum communications, superconducting devices | ||||
Abstract | We have developed a new class of superconducting single-photon detectors (SSPDs) for ultrafast counting of infrared (IR) photons for secure quantum communications. The devices are operated on the quantum detection mechanism, based on the photon-induced hotspot formation and subsequent appearance of a transient resistive barrier across an ultrathin and submicron-wide superconducting stripe. The detectors are fabricated from 3.5-nm-thick NbN films and they operate at 4.2 K inside a closed-cycle refrigerator or liquid helium cryostat. Various continuous and pulsed laser sources have been used in our experiments, enabling us to determine the detector experimental quantum efficiency (QE) in the photon-counting mode, response time, time jitter, and dark counts. Our 3.5-nm-thick SSPDs reached QE above 15% for visible light photons and 5% at 1.3 – 1.5 μm infrared range. The measured real-time counting rate was above 2 GHz and was limited by the read-out electronics (intrinsic response time is <30 ps). The measured jitter was <18 ps, and the dark counting rate was <0.01 per second. The measured noise equivalent power (NEP) is 2 x 10-18 W/Hz1/2 at λ = 1.3 μm. In near-infrared range, in terms of the counting rate, jitter, dark counts, and overall sensitivity, the NbN SSPDs significantly outperform their semiconductor counterparts. An ultrafast quantum cryptography communication technology based on SSPDs is proposed and discussed. | ||||
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Publisher | SPIE | Place of Publication | Editor | Donkor, E.; Pirich, A.R.; Brandt, H.E. | |
Language | Summary Language | Original Title | |||
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Area | Expedition | Conference | Quantum Information and Computation | ||
Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | Serial | 1514 | |||
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Author | van't Klooster, C. G. M.; Parshin, V. V.; Myasnikova, S. E. | ||||
Title | Reflectivity of antenna reflectors: measurements at frequencies between 110 and 200 GHz | Type | Conference Article | ||
Year | 2003 | Publication | Proc. Antennas and propagation society international symposium | Abbreviated Journal | |
Volume | 3 | Issue | Pages | 528-531 | |
Keywords | mirror, reflection index, emissivity, reflectivity, mirror, Fabry-Perot interferometer, subterahertz, subTHz | ||||
Abstract | It is imperative to test the mechanical, electrical and thermal-optical properties of MM and sub-MM reflector antennas. Electrical, thermal and optical properties are very important and high-accurate measurements lead, obviously, to more accurate results in applications. This paper deals with measurement of electrical reflectivity in the range 110-200 GHz. Reflectivity has been measured for a number of samples, which represent materials used in reflector antennas. Both metal samples and carbon-fibre samples were tested in a dedicated facility available for this purpose at the Applied Physics Institute in Nizhny Novgorod (IAP). The test facility is shortly discussed, with techniques for data extraction. Calibration is done with high quality silver coated mirrors and aluminium control samples. Accurate results have been derived with indicative interesting results. | ||||
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Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | Serial | 583 | |||
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Author | Vakhtomin, Y. B.; Finkel, M. I.; Antipov, S. V.; Smirnov, K. V.; Kaurova, N. S.; Drakinskii, V. N.; Voronov, B. M.; Gol’tsman, G. N. | ||||
Title | The gain bandwidth of mixers based on the electron heating effect in an ultrathin NbN film on a Si substrate with a buffer MgO layer | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2003 | Publication | J. of communications technol. & electronics | Abbreviated Journal | J. of communications technol. & electronics |
Volume | 48 | Issue | 6 | Pages | 671-675 |
Keywords | NbN HEB mixers | ||||
Abstract | Measurements of the intermediate frequency band 900 GHz of mixers based on the electron heating effect (EHE) in 2-nm- and 3.5-nm-thick superconducting NbN films sputtered on MgO and Si substrates with buffer MgO layers are presented. A 2-nm-thick superconducting NbN film with a critical temperature of 9.2 K has been obtained for the first time using a buffer MgO layer. | ||||
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Publisher | MAIK Nauka/Interperiodica, Birmingham, AL | Place of Publication | Editor | ||
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Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
ISSN | 1064-2269 | ISBN | Medium | ||
Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
Notes | https://elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=17302119 (Полоса преобразования смесителей на эффекте разогрева электронов в ультратонких пленках NbN на подложках из Si с подслоем MgO) | Approved | no | ||
Call Number | Vakhtomin2003 | Serial | 1522 | ||
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Author | Tong, C.-Y.E.; Meledin, D.V.; Marrone, D.P.; Paine, S.N.; Gibson, H.; Blundell, R. | ||||
Title | Near field vector beam measurements at 1 THz | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2003 | Publication | IEEE Microw. Compon. Lett. | Abbreviated Journal | |
Volume | 13 | Issue | 6 | Pages | 235-237 |
Keywords | HEB, mixer, waveguide, LO power, local oscillator power, saturation effect, dynamic range | ||||
Abstract | We have performed near-field vector beam measurements at 1.03 THz to characterize and align the receiver optics of a superconducting receiver. The signal source is a harmonic generator mounted on an X-Y translation stage. We model the measured two-dimensional complex beam pattern by a fundamental Gaussian mode, from which we derive the position of the beam center, the beam radius and the direction of propagation. By performing scans in the planes separated by 400 mm, we have confirmed that our beam pattern measurements are highly reliable. | ||||
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ISSN | 1531-1309 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | RPLAB @ lobanovyury @ | Serial | 574 | ||
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Author | Tong, C.-Y. Edward; Meledin, Denis; Blundell, Raymond; Erickson, Neal; Kawamura, Jonathan; Mehdi, Imran; Gol'tsman, Gregory | ||||
Title | A 1.5 THz hot-electron bolometer mixer operated by a planar diode-based local oscillator | Type | Abstract | ||
Year | 2003 | Publication | Proc. 14th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol. | Abbreviated Journal | Proc. 14th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol. |
Volume | Issue | Pages | 286 | ||
Keywords | waveguide NbN HEB mixers | ||||
Abstract | We describe a 1.5 THz heterodyne receiver based on a superconductin g hot-electron bolometer mixer, which is pumped by an all-solid-state local oscillator chain. The bolometer is fabricated from a 3.5 nm-thick niobium nitride film deposited on a quartz substrate with a 200 nm-thick magnesium oxide buffer layer. The bolometer measures 0.15 fun in width and 1.5 1..tm in length. The chip consisting of the bolometer and mixer circuitry is incorporated in a fixed-tuned waveguide mixer block with a corru g ated feed horn. The local oscillator unit comprises of a cascade of four planar doublers followin g a MMIC-based W-band power amplifier. The local oscillator is coupled to the mixer using a Martin-Puplett interferometer. The local oscillator output power needed for optimal receiver performance is approximately 1 to 2 11W, and the chain is able to provide this power at a number of frequency points between 1.45 and 1.56 THz. By terminating the rf input with room temperature and 77 K loads, a Y-factor of 1.11 (DSB) has been measured at a local oscillator frequency of 1.476 THz at 3 GHz intermediate frequency. | ||||
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Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | Serial | 1501 | |||
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Author | Tong, C.-Y. E.; Meledin, D.; Loudkov, D.; Blundell, R.; Erickson, N.; Kawamura, J.; Mehdi, I.; Gol’tsman, G. | ||||
Title | A 1.5 THz Hot-Electron Bolometer mixer operated by a planar diode based local oscillator | Type | Conference Article | ||
Year | 2003 | Publication | IEEE MTT-S Int. Microwave Symp. Digest | Abbreviated Journal | IEEE MTT-S Int. Microwave Symp. Digest |
Volume | 2 | Issue | Pages | 751-754 | |
Keywords | waveguide NbN HEB mixers | ||||
Abstract | We have developed a 1.5 THz superconducting NbN Hot-Electron Bolometer mixer. It is operated by an all-solid-state Local Oscillator comprising of a cascade of 4 planar doublers following an MMIC based W-band power amplifier. The threshold available pump power is estimated to be 1 /spl mu/W. | ||||
Address | Philadelphia, PA, USA | ||||
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Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | Serial | 1516 | |||
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Author | Tinkham, M.; Free, J. U.; Lau, C. N.; Markovic, N. | ||||
Title | Hysteretic I–V curves of superconducting nanowires | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2003 | Publication | Phys. Rev. B | Abbreviated Journal | |
Volume | 68 | Issue | Pages | 134515(1 to 7) | |
Keywords | MoGe nanowires, self-heating effect | ||||
Abstract | Experimental I–V curves of superconducting MoGe nanowires show hysteresis for the thicker wires and none for the thinner wires. A rather quantitative account of these data for representative wires is obtained by numerically solving the one-dimensional heat flow equation to find a self-consistent distribution of temperature and local resistivity along the wire, using the measured linear resistance R(T) as input. This suggests that the retrapping current in the hysteretic I–V curves is primarily determined by heating effects, and not by the dynamics of phase motion in a tilted washboard potential as often assumed. Heating effects and thermal fluctuations from the low-resistance state to a high-resistance, quasinormal regime appear to set independent upper bounds for the switching current. | ||||
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Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | Serial | 918 | |||
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Author | Su, M. Y.; Carter, S. G.; Sherwin, M. S. | ||||
Title | Strong-field terahertz optical mixing in excitons | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2003 | Publication | Phys. Rev. B | Abbreviated Journal | Phys. Rev. B |
Volume | 67 | Issue | 12 | Pages | |
Keywords | optical mixing | ||||
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ISSN | 1098-0121 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | Serial | 500 | |||
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Author | Stéphane Claude | ||||
Title | Sideband-separating SIS mixer for ALMA band 7, 275–370 GHz | Type | Conference Article | ||
Year | 2003 | Publication | Proc. 14th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol. | Abbreviated Journal | |
Volume | Issue | Pages | 41 | ||
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Publisher | Place of Publication | Tucson, USA | Editor | ||
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Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | RPLAB @ s @ nt_SIS_60at0p34THz | Serial | 333 | ||
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Author | Sobolewski, R.; Zhang, J.; Slysz, W.; Pearlman, A.; Verevkin, A.; Lipatov, A.; Okunev, O.; Chulkova, G.; Korneev, A.; Smirnov, K.; Kouminov, P.; Voronov, B.; Kaurova, N.; Drakinsky, V.; Goltsman, G. N. | ||||
Title | Ultrafast superconducting single-photon optical detectors | Type | Conference Article | ||
Year | 2003 | Publication | Proc. SPIE | Abbreviated Journal | Proc. SPIE |
Volume | 5123 | Issue | Pages | 1-11 | |
Keywords | NbN SSPD, SNSPD | ||||
Abstract | We present a new class of single-photon devices for counting of both visible and infrared photons. Our superconducting single-photon detectors (SSPDs) are characterized by the intrinsic quantum efficiency (QE) reaching up to 100%, above 10 GHz counting rate, and negligible dark counts. The detection mechanism is based on the photon-induced hotspot formation and subsequent appearance of a transient resistive barrier across an ultrathin and submicron-wide superconducting stripe. The devices are fabricated from 3.5-nm-thick NbN films and operate at 4.2 K, well below the NbN superconducting transition temperature. Various continuous and pulsed laser sources in the wavelength range from 0.4 μm up to >3 μm were implemented in our experiments, enabling us to determine the detector QE in the photon-counting mode, response time, and jitter. For our best 3.5-nm-thick, 10×10 μm2-area devices, QE was found to reach almost 100% for any wavelength shorter than about 800 nm. For longer-wavelength (infrared) radiation, QE decreased exponentially with the photon wavelength increase. Time-resolved measurements of our SSPDs showed that the system-limited detector response pulse width was below 150 ps. The system jitter was measured to be 35 ps. In terms of the counting rate, jitter, and dark counts, the NbN SSPDs significantly outperform their semiconductor counterparts. Already identifeid and implemented applications of our devices range from noninvasive testing of semiconductor VLSI circuits to free-space quantum communications and quantum cryptography. | ||||
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Publisher | SPIE | Place of Publication | Editor | Spigulis, J.; Teteris, J.; Ozolinsh, M.; Lusis, A. | |
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Area | Expedition | Conference | Advanced Optical Devices, Technologies, and Medical Applications | ||
Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | Serial | 1513 | |||
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Author | Sobolewski, R.; Verevkin, A.; Gol'tsman, G.N.; Lipatov, A.; Wilsher, K. | ||||
Title | Ultrafast superconducting single-photon optical detectors and their applications | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2003 | Publication | IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. | Abbreviated Journal | |
Volume | 13 | Issue | 2 | Pages | 1151-1157 |
Keywords | NbN SSPD, SNSPD | ||||
Abstract | We present a new class of ultrafast single-photon detectors for counting both visible and infrared photons. The detection mechanism is based on photon-induced hotspot formation, which forces the supercurrent redistribution and leads to the appearance of a transient resistive barrier across an ultrathin, submicrometer-width, superconducting stripe. The devices were fabricated from 3.5-nm- and 10-nm-thick NbN films, patterned into <200-nm-wide stripes in the 4 /spl times/ 4-/spl mu/m/sup 2/ or 10 /spl times/ 10-/spl mu/m/sup 2/ meander-type geometry, and operated at 4.2 K, well below the NbN critical temperature (T/sub c/=10-11 K). Continuous-wave and pulsed-laser optical sources in the 400-nm-to 3500-nm-wavelength range were used to determine the detector performance in the photon-counting mode. Experimental quantum efficiency was found to exponentially depend on the photon wavelength, and for our best, 3.5-nm-thick, 100-/spl mu/m/sup 2/-area devices varied from >10% for 405-nm radiation to 3.5% for 1550-nm photons. The detector response time and jitter were /spl sim/100 ps and 35 ps, respectively, and were acquisition system limited. The dark counts were below 0.01 per second at optimal biasing. In terms of the counting rate, jitter, and dark counts, the NbN single-photon detectors significantly outperform their semiconductor counterparts. Already-identified applications for our devices range from noncontact testing of semiconductor CMOS VLSI circuits to free-space quantum cryptography and communications. | ||||
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ISSN | 1051-8223 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | Serial | 509 | |||
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Author | Snyder Hale, David D. | ||||
Title | A thermal infrared heterodyne receiver with applications to astronomy | Type | |||
Year | 2003 | Publication | Abbreviated Journal | ||
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Publisher | Place of Publication | Berkeley, CA 94720 | Editor | ||
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Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | Serial | 373 | |||
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Author | Smirnov, K. V.; Vachtomin, Yu. B.; Antipov, S. V.; Maslennikov, S. N.; Kaurova, N. S.; Drakinsky, V. N.; Voronov, B. M.; Gol'tsman, G. N.; Semenov, A. D.; Richter, H.; Hubers, H.-W. | ||||
Title | Noise and gain performance of spiral antenna coupled HEB mixers at 0.7 THz and 2.5 THz | Type | Conference Article | ||
Year | 2003 | Publication | Proc. 14th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol. | Abbreviated Journal | Proc. 14th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol. |
Volume | Issue | Pages | 405-412 | ||
Keywords | NbN HEB mixers | ||||
Abstract | Noise and gain performance of hot electron bolometer (HEB) mixers based on ultrathin superconducting NbN films integrated with a spiral antenna was studied. The noise temperature measurements for two samples with different active area of 3 p.m x 0.24 .tni and 1.3 1..tm x 0.12 1.tm were performed at frequencies 0.7 THz and 2.5 THz. The best receiver noise temperatures 370 K and 1600 K, respectively, have been found at these frequencies. The influence of contact resistance between the superconductor and the antenna terminals on the noise temperature of HEB is discussed. The noise and gain bandwidth of 5GHz and 4.2 GHz, respectively, are demonstrated for similar HEB mixer at 0.75 THz. | ||||
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Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | Serial | 1502 | |||
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Author | Semenov, Alexei D.; Hiibers, Heinz-Wilhelm; Richter, Heiko; Smirnov, Konstantin; Gol'tsman, Gregory N.; Kaurova, Natalia; Voronov, Boris M. | ||||
Title | Superconducting hot-electron bolometer mixer for terahertz heterodyne receivers | Type | Conference Article | ||
Year | 2003 | Publication | Proc. 14th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol. | Abbreviated Journal | Proc. 14th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol. |
Volume | Issue | Pages | 33-40 | ||
Keywords | NbN HEB mixers | ||||
Abstract | A number of on-going astronomical and atmospheric research programs are aimed to the Terahertz (THz) spectral region. At frequencies above about 1.4 THz heterodyne receivers planned for these missions will use superconducting hot-electron bolometers as a mixers. We present recent results of the terahertz antenna development of superconducting NbN hot-electron bolometer mixer for GREAT (German Receiver for Astronomy at Terahertz Frequencies, to be used aboard of SOFIA) and TELIS (Terahertz Limb Sounder). The mixer is incorporated into hybrid antenna consisting of a planar feed antenna, which has either logarithmic spiral or double-slot configuration, and hyper hemispherical silicon lens. The hybrid antenna showed almost frequency independent and symmetric radiation pattern with the beam-width slightly broader than expected for diffraction limited antenna. The noise temperature as well as its spectral dependence changes with the bolometer sizes that provides additional tool for mixer optimization. FTS spectra measured in the direct detection regime agreed with the noise temperature spectra. | ||||
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Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | Serial | 1498 | |||
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Author | Semenov, A.; Richter, H.; Hübers, H.-W.; Smirnov, K.; Voronov, B.; Gol'tsman, G. | ||||
Title | Development of terahertz superconducting hot-electron bolometer mixers | Type | Conference Article | ||
Year | 2003 | Publication | Proc. 6th European Conf. Appl. Supercond. | Abbreviated Journal | Proc. 6th European Conf. Appl. Supercond. |
Volume | 181 | Issue | Pages | 2960-2965 | |
Keywords | NbN HEB mixers | ||||
Abstract | We present recent results of the development of phonon cooled hot-electron bolometric (HEB) mixers for airborne and balloon borne terahertz heterodyne receivers. Three iomportant issues have been addresses: the quality of NbN films the HEB mixers were made from, the spectral properties of the HEB mixers and the local oscillator power required for optical operation. Studies with an atomic force microscope indicate, that the performance of the HEB mixer might have been effected by the microstructure of the NbN film. Antenna gain and noise temperature were investigated at terahertz frequencies for a HEB embedded in either log-spiral or twin-slot feed antenna. Comparison suggests that at frequencies above 3 THz the spiral feed provides better overall performance. At 1.6 THz, a power of 2.5 µW was required from the local oscillator for optimal operation of the HEB mixer. | ||||
Address | Sorrento, Italy | ||||
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ISSN | ISBN | 0750309814, 978-0750309813 | Medium | ||
Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | Serial | 1505 | |||
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Author | Semenov, A.; Engel, A.; Il'in, K.; Gol'tsman, G.; Siegel, M.; Hübers, H.-W. | ||||
Title | Ultimate performance of a superconducting quantum detector | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2003 | Publication | Eur. Phys. J. Appl. Phys. | Abbreviated Journal | Eur. Phys. J. Appl. Phys. |
Volume | 21 | Issue | 3 | Pages | 171-178 |
Keywords | NbN SSPD, SNSPD | ||||
Abstract | We analyze the ultimate performance of a superconducting quantum detector in order to meet requirements for applications in near-infrared astronomy and X-ray spectroscopy. The detector exploits a combined detection mechanism, in which avalanche quasiparticle multiplication and the supercurrent jointly produce a voltage response to a single absorbed photon via successive formation of a photon-induced and a current-induced normal hotspot in a narrow superconducting strip. The response time of the detector should increase with the photon energy providing energy resolution. Depending on the superconducting material and operation conditions, the cut-off wavelength for the single-photon detection regime varies from infrared waves to visible light. We simulated the performance of the background-limited infrared direct detector and X-ray photon counter utilizing the above mechanism. Low dark count rate and intrinsic low-frequency cut-off allow for realizing a background limited noise equivalent power of 10−20 W Hz−1/2 for a far-infrared direct detector exposed to 4-K background radiation. At low temperatures, the intrinsic response time of the counter is rather determined by diffusion of nonequilibrium electrons than by the rate of energy transfer to phonons. Therefore, thermal fluctuations do not hamper energy resolution of the X-ray photon counter that should be better than 10−3 for 6-keV photons. Comparison of new data obtained with a Nb based detector and previously reported results on NbN quantum detectors support our estimates of ultimate detector performance. | ||||
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Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
ISSN | 1286-0042 | ISBN | Medium | ||
Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | Serial | 534 | |||
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Author | Semenov, A. D.; Hübers, Heinz-Wilhelm; Richter, H.; Birk, M.; Krocka, M.; Mair, U.; Vachtomin, Yu. B.; Finkel, M. I.; Antipov, S. V.; Voronov, B. M.; Smirnov, K. V.; Kaurova, N. S.; Drakinski, V. N.; Gol'tsman, G. N. | ||||
Title | Superconducting hot-electron bolometer mixer for terahertz heterodyne receivers | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2003 | Publication | IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. | Abbreviated Journal | |
Volume | 13 | Issue | 2 | Pages | 168-171 |
Keywords | NbN HEB mixers | ||||
Abstract | We present recent results showing the development of superconducting NbN hot-electron bolometer mixer for German receiver for astronomy at terahertz frequencies and terahertz limb sounder. The mixer is incorporated into a planar feed antenna, which has either logarithmic spiral or double-slot configuration, and backed on a silicon lens. The hybrid antenna had almost frequency independent and symmetric radiation pattern slightly broader than expected for a diffraction limited antenna. At 2.5 THz the best 2200 K double side-band receiver noise temperature was achieved across a 1 GHz intermediate frequency bandwidth centred at 1.5 GHz. For this operation regime, a receiver conversion efficiency of -17 dB was directly measured and the loss budget was evaluated. The mixer response was linear at load temperatures smaller than 400 K. Implementation of the MgO buffer layer on Si resulted in an increased 5.2 GHz gain bandwidth. The receiver was tested in the laboratory environment by measuring a methanol emission line at 2.5 THz. | ||||
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Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | Serial | 343 | |||
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Author | Myasnikova, S. E.; Parshin, V.V.; van't Klooster, K.; Valsecchi, G. | ||||
Title | Reflectivity of antenna and mirrors reflectors at 110 and 200 GHz | Type | Conference Article | ||
Year | 2003 | Publication | Proc. 4th international conference on antenna theory and techniques | Abbreviated Journal | |
Volume | 2 | Issue | Pages | 624- 627 | |
Keywords | mirror, reflection index, emissivity, reflectivity, mirror, Fabry-Perot interferometer, subterahertz, subTHz | ||||
Abstract | Reflectivity (reflection loss) investigations of nickel samples with different types of surface finish, with and without rhodium coating, have been carried out in the 110-200 GHz frequency range on an installation developed in the Applied Physics Institute of Russia. The reflectivity measurements of high quality silver coated and gold coated mirrors are also presented. The reflectivity (reflection loss) investigations of some carbon fibre samples with and without aluminium coating have been made. Results are interesting, in view of the anisotropy of the carbon fibre material. | ||||
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Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | Serial | 582 | |||
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Author | Meledin, D.; Tong, C.-Y. E.; Blundell, R.; Goltsman, G. | ||||
Title | Measurement of intermediate frequency bandwidth of hot electron bolometer mixers at terahertz frequency range | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2003 | Publication | IEEE Microw. Wireless Compon. Lett. | Abbreviated Journal | IEEE Microw. Wireless Compon. Lett. |
Volume | 13 | Issue | 11 | Pages | 493-495 |
Keywords | waveguide NbN HEB mixers | ||||
Abstract | We have developed a new experimental setup for measuring the IF bandwidth of superconducting hot electron bolometer mixers. In our measurement system we use a chopped hot filament as a broadband signal source, and can perform a high-speed IF scan with no loss of accuracy when compared to coherent methods. Using this technique we have measured the 3 dB IF bandwidth of hot electron bolometer mixers, designed for THz frequency operation, and made from 3-4 nm thick NbN film deposited on an MgO buffer layer over crystalline quartz. | ||||
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Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
ISSN | 1531-1309 | ISBN | Medium | ||
Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | Serial | 1509 | |||
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Author | Meledin, D.; Tong, C. Y.-E.; Blundell, R.; Kaurova, N.; Smirnov, K.; Voronov, B.; Gol'tsman, G. | ||||
Title | Study of the IF bandwidth of NbN HEB mixers based on crystalline quartz substrate with an MgO buffer layer | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2003 | Publication | IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. | Abbreviated Journal | IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. |
Volume | 13 | Issue | 2 | Pages | 164-167 |
Keywords | NbN HEB mixer | ||||
Abstract | In this paper, we present the results of IF bandwidth measurements on 3-4 nm thick NbN hot electron bolometer waveguide mixers, which have been fabricated on a 200-nm thick MgO buffer layer deposited on a crystalline quartz substrate. The 3-dB IF bandwidth, measured at an LO frequency of 0.81 THz, is 3.7 GHz at the optimal bias point for low noise receiver operation. We have also made measurements of the IF dynamic impedance, which allow us to evaluate the intrinsic electron temperature relaxation time and self-heating parameters at different bias conditions. | ||||
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Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | Serial | 341 | |||
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Author | Kostiuk, Theodor | ||||
Title | Heterodyne spectroscopy in the thermal infrared region: a window on physics and chemistry | Type | Conference Article | ||
Year | 2003 | Publication | Proc. International Thermal Detectors Workshop (TDW'03), session 7 (Heterodyne detectors) | Abbreviated Journal | |
Volume | Issue | Pages | |||
Keywords | HgCdTe detector | ||||
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Publisher | Place of Publication | 3501 University Boulevar East Adelphi, MD 20783 | Editor | University of Maryland Inn and Conference Center | |
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Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | Serial | 372 | |||
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Author | Korneev, A.; Lipatov, A.; Okunev, O.; Chulkova, G.; Smirnov, K.; Gol’tsman, G.; Zhang, J.; Slysz, W.; Verevkin, A.; Sobolewski, R. | ||||
Title | GHz counting rate NbN single-photon detector for IR diagnostics of VLSI CMOS circuits | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2003 | Publication | Microelectronic Engineering | Abbreviated Journal | Microelectronic Engineering |
Volume | 69 | Issue | 2-4 | Pages | 274-278 |
Keywords | NbN SSPD, SNSPD, applications | ||||
Abstract | We present a new, simple to manufacture superconducting single-photon detector operational in the range from ultraviolet to mid-infrared radiation wavelengths. The detector combines GHz counting rate, high quantum efficiency and very low level of dark (false) counts. At 1.3–1.5 μm wavelength range our detector exhibits a quantum efficiency of 5–10%. The detector photoresponse voltage pulse duration was measured to be about 150 ps with jitter of 35 ps and both of them were limited mostly by our measurement equipment. In terms of quantum efficiency, dark counts level, speed of operation the detector surpasses all semiconductor counterparts and was successfully applied for CMOS integrated circuits diagnostics. | ||||
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Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
ISSN | 0167-9317 | ISBN | Medium | ||
Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | Serial | 1511 | |||
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Author | Khosropanah, Pourya | ||||
Title | NbN and NbTiN hot electron bolometer THz mixers | Type | Book Whole | ||
Year | 2003 | Publication | Chalmers University of Technology | Abbreviated Journal | |
Volume | Issue | Pages | |||
Keywords | HEB mixer, hot electron bolometer mixer, NbN, NbTiN, superconducting detector, heterodyne receiver, THz mixer, submillimeter mixer, quasioptical receiver, double slot antenna, twin slot antenna, spiral antenna, receiver noise, FTS, Fourier Transform Spectrometer | ||||
Abstract | The thesis reports the development of Hot Electron Bolometer (HEB) mixers for radio astronomy heterodyne receivers in THz frequency range. Part of this work is the fabrication of HEB devices, which are based on NbN or NbTiN superconducting thin films (â‰<a4>5 nm). They are integrated with wideband spiral or double-slot planar antennas. The mixer chips are incorporated into a quasi-optical receiver. The experimental part of this work focuses on the characterization of the receiver as a whole, and the HEB mixers as a part. Double side band receiver noise temperature and the IF bandwidth are reported for frequencies from 0.7 THz up to 2.6 THz. The spectrum of the direct response of HEB integrated with dierent antennas are measured using Fourier Transform Spectrometer (FTS). The effect of the bolometer size on total receiver performance and the LO power requirements is also discussed. A high-yield and reliable process for fabrication of NbN HEB mixers have been achieved. Over 100 devices with different bolometer geometry, film property and also different antennas have been fabricated and measured. The measured data enables us to discuss the impact of different parameters to the receiver overall performance. This work has provided NbN HEB mixers to the following receivers: TREND (Terahertz REceiver with NbN HEB Device) operating at 1.25-1.5 THz, installed in AST/RO Submillimeter Wave Telescope, Amundsen/Scott South Pole Station, in 2002-2003. Band 6-low (1.410-1.700 THz) and 6-high (1.700-1.920 THz) of the HIFI (Heterodyne Instrument for Far Infra-red) in the Herschel Space Observatory, due to launch in 2007 by ESA (European Space Agency). Besides, there has been continuous efforts to develop better models to explain the mixer performance more accurately. They are based on two temperature model for electrons and phonons and solving one-dimensional heat balance equations along the bolometer. The principles of these models are illustrated and the calculated results are compared with measured data. |
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Corporate Author | Thesis | Ph.D. thesis | |||
Publisher | Chalmers University of Technology | Place of Publication | Göteborg | Editor | |
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Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | Serial | 910 | |||
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Author | Huebers, H.-W.; Semenov, A.; Richter, H.; Birk, M.; Krocka, M.; Mair, U.; Smirnov, K.; Gol’tsman, G. N.; Voronov, B. M. | ||||
Title | Superconducting hot electron bolometer as mixer for far-infrared heterodyne receivers | Type | Conference Article | ||
Year | 2003 | Publication | Proc. SPIE | Abbreviated Journal | Proc. SPIE |
Volume | 4855 | Issue | Pages | 395-401 | |
Keywords | NbN HEB mixers | ||||
Abstract | Heterodyne receivers for applications in astronomy need quantum limited sensitivity. In instruments which are currently under development for SOFIA or Herschel superconducting hot electron bolometers (HEB) will be used to achieve this goal at frequencies above 1.4 THz. We present results of the development of a phonon-cooled NbN HEB mixer for GREAT, the German Receiver for Astronomy at Terahertz Frequencies, which will be flown aboard SOFIA. The mixer is a small superconducting bridge incorporated in a planar feed antenna and a hyperhemispherical lens. Mixers with logarithmic-spiral and double-slot feed antennas have been investigated with respect to their noise temperature, conversion loss, linearity and beam pattern. At 2.5 THz a double sideband noise temperature of 2200 K was achieved. The conversion loss was 17 dB. The response of the mixer was linear up to 400 K load temperature. The performance was verified by measuring an emission line of methanol at 2.5 THz. The measured linewidth is in good agreement with the linewidth deduced from pressure broadening measurements at millimeter wavelength. The results demonstrate that the NbN HEB is very well suited as a mixer for far-infrared heterodyne receivers. | ||||
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Publisher | SPIE | Place of Publication | Tucson, USA | Editor | Phillips, T. G.; Zmuidzinas, J. |
Language | Summary Language | Original Title | |||
Series Editor | Series Title | Presented at the Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE) Conference | Abbreviated Series Title | ||
Series Volume | 4855 | Series Issue | Edition | ||
ISSN | ISBN | Medium | |||
Area | Expedition | Conference | Millimeter and Submillimeter Detectors for Astronomy | ||
Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | Serial | 335 | |||
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Author | Hoogeveen, R. W. M.; Yagoubov, P. A.; Maurellis, A.; Koshelets, V. P.; Shitov, S. V.; Mair, U.; Krocka, M.; Wagner, G.; Birk, M.; Huebers, H.-W.; Richter, H.; Semenov, A.; Gol’tsman, G. N.; Voronov, B. M.; Ellison, B.N.; Kerridge, B.J.; Matheson, D. N.; Alderman, B.; Harman, M.; Siddans, R.; Reburn, J. | ||||
Title | New cryogenic heterodyne techniques applied in TELIS: the balloonborne THz and submillimeter limb sounder for atmospheric research | Type | Conference Article | ||
Year | 2003 | Publication | Proc. SPIE | Abbreviated Journal | Proc. SPIE |
Volume | 5152 | Issue | Pages | 347-355 | |
Keywords | TELIS, limb sounder, heterodyne detection, terahertz, sub millimeter, cryogenic, limb sounding, balloon borne, atmospheric research | ||||
Abstract | We present a design concept for a new state-of-the-art balloon borne atmospheric monitor that will allow enhanced limb sounding of the Earth’s atmosphere within the submillimeter and far-infrared wavelength spectral range: TELIS, TErahertz and submm LImb Sounder. The instrument is being developed by a consortium of major European institutes that includes the Space Research Organization of the Netherlands (SRON), the Rutherford Appleton Laboratory (RAL) will utilize state-of-the-art superconducting heterodyne technology and is designed to be a compact, lightweight instrument cpaable of providing broad spectral coverage, high spectral resolution and long flight duration ( 24 hours duration during a single flight campaign). The combination of high sensitivity and extensive flight duration will allow evaluation of the diurnal variation of key atmospheric constitutenets sucyh as OH, HO2, ClO, BrO togehter will onger lived constituents such as O3, HCL and N2O. Furthermore, TELIS will share a common balloon platform to that of the MIPAS-B Fourier Transform Spectrometer, developed by the Institute of Meteorology and Climate research of the over an extended spectral range. The combination of the TELIS and MIPAS instruments will provide atmospheric scientists with a very powerful observational tool. TELIS will serve as a testbed for new cryogenic heterodyne detection techniques, and as such it will act as a prelude to future spaceborne instruments planned by the European Space Agency (ESA). | ||||
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Publisher | SPIE | Place of Publication | Editor | Strojnik, M. | |
Language | Summary Language | Original Title | |||
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Area | Expedition | Conference | Infrared Spaceborne Remote Sensing XI | ||
Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | Serial | 1508 | |||
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Author | Hirata, A.; Harada, M.; Nagatsuma, T. | ||||
Title | 120-GHz wireless link using photonic techniques for generation, modulation, and emission of millimeter-wave signals | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2003 | Publication | J. of Lightwave Technology | Abbreviated Journal | |
Volume | 21 | Issue | 10 | Pages | 2145-2153 |
Keywords | subterahartz terahertz THz communications | ||||
Abstract | We present a wireless link system that uses millimeter-wave (MMW) photonic techniques. The photonic transmitter in the wireless link consists of an optical 120-GHz MMW generator, an optical modulator, and a high-power photonic MMW emitter. A uni-traveling carrier photodiode (UTC-PD) was used as the photonic emitter in order to eliminate electronic MMW amplifiers. We evaluated the dependence of UTC-PD output power on its transit-time limited bandwidth and its CR-time constant limited bandwidth, and employed a UTC-PD with the highest output power for the photonic emitter. As for the MMW generation, we developed a 120-GHz optical MMW generator that generates a pulse train and one that generates a sinusoidal signal. The UTC-PD output power generated by a narrow pulse train was higher than that generated by sinusoidal signals under the same average optical power condition, which contributes to reducing the photocurrent of the photonic emitter. We have experimentally demonstrated that the photonic transmitter can transmit data at up to 3.0 Gb/s. The wireless link using the photonic transmitter can be applied to optical gigabit Ethernet signals. | ||||
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Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | Serial | 592 | |||
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Author | Hajenius, M.; Baselmans, J. J. A.; Gao, J. R.; Klapwijk, T. M.; de Korte, P. A. J.; Voronov, B.; Gol’tsman, G. | ||||
Title | Improved NbN phonon cooled hot electron bolometer mixers | Type | Conference Article | ||
Year | 2003 | Publication | Proc. 14th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol. | Abbreviated Journal | Proc. 14th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol. |
Volume | Issue | Pages | 413-423 | ||
Keywords | NbN HEB mixers | ||||
Abstract | NbN phonon-cooled hot electron bolometer mixers (HEBs) have been realized with negligible contact resistance to Au pads. By adding either a 5 nm Nb or a 10 nm NbTiN layer between the Au and NbN, to preserve superconductivity in the NbN under the Au contact pad, superior noise temperatures have been obtained. Using DC I,V curves and resistive transitions in combination with process parameters we analyze the nature of these improved devices and determine interface transparencies. | ||||
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Publisher | Place of Publication | Tucson, USA | Editor | ||
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Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | Serial | 337 | |||
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Author | Grimes, P.; Kittara, P.; Yassin, G.; Withington, S.; Jacobs, K. | ||||
Title | Investigation of the performance of a 700 GHz nline mixer | Type | Conference Article | ||
Year | 2003 | Publication | Proc. 14th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol. | Abbreviated Journal | |
Volume | Issue | Pages | 247 | ||
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Publisher | Place of Publication | Tucson, USA | Editor | ||
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Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | RPLAB @ s @ nt_SIS_250at0p69THz | Serial | 336 | ||
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Author | Gol’tsman, G. N.; Smirnov, K.; Kouminov, P.; Voronov, B.; Kaurova, N.; Drakinsky, V.; Zhang, J.; Verevkin, A.; Sobolewski, R. | ||||
Title | Fabrication of nanostructured superconducting single-photon detectors | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2003 | Publication | IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. | Abbreviated Journal | IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. |
Volume | 13 | Issue | 2 | Pages | 192-195 |
Keywords | NbN SSPD, SNSPD | ||||
Abstract | Fabrication of NbN superconducting single-photon detectors, based on the hotspot effect is presented. The hotspot formation arises in an ultrathin and submicrometer-width superconductor stripe and, together with the supercurrent redistribution, leads to the resistive detector response upon absorption of a photon. The detector has a meander structure to maximally increase its active area and reach the highest detection efficiency. Main processing steps, leading to efficient devices, sensitive in 0.4-5 /spl mu/m wavelength range, are presented. The impact of various processing steps on the performance and operational parameters of our detectors is discussed. | ||||
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Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
ISSN | 1558-2515 | ISBN | Medium | ||
Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | Serial | 1515 | |||
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Author | Gol'tsman, G. N.; Loudkov, D. N. | ||||
Title | Terahertz superconducting hot-electron bolometer mixers and their application in radio astronomy | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2003 | Publication | Radiophys. Quant. Electron. | Abbreviated Journal | |
Volume | 46 | Issue | 8/9 | Pages | 604-617 |
Keywords | NbN HEB mixers | ||||
Abstract | We review the latest developments, research, and radioastronomy applications of hot-electron bolometer (HEB) mixers operated in the terahertz waveband. The physical principles of operation of terahertz HEB mixers are presented, their manufacturing from ultrathin NbN films, the main HEB-mixer parameters and their measurement techniques are discussed, and practical terahertz radioastronomy projects based on heterodyne receivers with HEB mixers are considered. | ||||
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ISSN | 0033-8443 | ISBN | Medium | ||
Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
Notes | UDC 537.312.62 | Approved | no | ||
Call Number | Serial | 472 | |||
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Author | Finkel, Matvey; Vachtomin, Yuriy; Antipov, Sereey; Drakinski, Vladimir; Kaurova, Natalia; Voronov, Boris; Goltsman, Greeory | ||||
Title | Gain bandwidth and noise temperature of NbTiN HEB mixer | Type | Conference Article | ||
Year | 2003 | Publication | Proc. 14th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol. | Abbreviated Journal | Proc. 14th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol. |
Volume | Issue | Pages | 276-285 | ||
Keywords | NbTiN HEB mixer | ||||
Abstract | We have determined that the gain bandwidth of phonon-cooled HEB mixer employing NbTiN films deposited on MgO layer over Si substrate is limited b y the escape of phonons to the substrate. The cut-off frequencies of 1 um long devices operating at T 71, based on 3.5 nm. 4 nm and 10 nm thick films amount to 400 Mk. 300 MHz, and 100 MHz, respectivel y . The gain bandwidth of 0.13 . um long devices fabricated from 3.5 nm thick film is larger and amounts to 0.8 GIL; at the optimal operating point and to 1.5 GIL: at larger bias. The increase of the gain bandwidth from 400 MHz up to 1.5 GH: with the change of bridge length is attributed to diffusion cooling. A double sideband noise temperature of 4000 K was obtained for heterodyne receiver utilizing pilot NbTiN HEB mixer (not optimized for normal state resistance) operating at the local oscillator frequency of 2.5 THz. | ||||
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Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | Serial | 1500 | |||
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Author | Cherednichenko, S.; Khosropanah, P.; Adam, A.; Merkel, H. F.; Kollberg, E. L.; Loudkov, D.; Gol'tsman, G. N.; Voronov, B. M.; Richter, H.; Huebers, H.-W. | ||||
Title | 1.4- to 1.7-THz NbN hot-electron bolometer mixer for the Herschel space observatory | Type | Conference Article | ||
Year | 2003 | Publication | Proc. SPIE | Abbreviated Journal | Proc. SPIE |
Volume | 4855 | Issue | Pages | 361-370 | |
Keywords | NbN HEB mixers | ||||
Abstract | NbN hot- electron bolometer mixers have reached the level of 10hv/k in terms of the input noise temperature with the noise bandwidth of 4-6 GHz from subMM band up to 2.5 THz. In this paper we discuss the major characteristics of this kind of receiver, i.e. the gain and the noise bandwidth, the noise temperature in a wide RF band, bias regimes and optimisation of RF coupling to the quasioptical mixer. We present the status of the development of the mixer for Band 6 Low for Herschel Telescope. | ||||
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Publisher | SPIE | Place of Publication | Editor | Phillips, T.G.; Zmuidzinas, J. | |
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Area | Expedition | Conference | Millimeter and Submillimeter Detectors for Astronomy | ||
Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | Serial | 1521 | |||
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Author | Benford, Dominic J.; Gaidis, Michael C.; Kooi, Jacob W. | ||||
Title | Optical properties of Zitex in the infrared to submillimeter | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2003 | Publication | Applied Optics | Abbreviated Journal | Appl. Opt. |
Volume | 42 | Issue | 25 | Pages | 5118 |
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ISSN | 0003-6935 | ISBN | Medium | ||
Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | Serial | 440 | |||
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Author | Baubert, J.; Salez, M.; Delorme, Y.; Pons, P.; Goltsman, G.; Merkel, H.; Leconte, B. | ||||
Title | Membrane-based HEB mixer for THz applications | Type | Conference Article | ||
Year | 2003 | Publication | Proc. SPIE | Abbreviated Journal | Proc. SPIE |
Volume | 5116 | Issue | Pages | 551-562 | |
Keywords | membrane NbN HEB mixers, heterodyne receiver, stress-less membrane, coupling efficiency, submillimeter-waves frequency, low-cost space applications | ||||
Abstract | We report in this paper a new concept for 2.7 THz superconducting Niobium nitride (NbN) Hot-Electron Bolometer mixer (HEB). The membrane process was developped for space telecommnunication applications a few years ago and the HEB mixer concept is now considered as the best choice for low-noise submillimeter-wave frequency heterodyne receivers. The idea is then to join these two technologies. The novel fabrication scheme is to fabricate a NbN HEB mixer on a 1 μm thick stress-less Si3N4/SiO2 membrane. This seems to present numerous improvements concerning : use at higher RF frequencies, power coupling efficiency, HEB mixer sensitivity, noise temperature, and space applications. This work is to be continued within the framework of an ESA TRP project, a 2.7 THz heterodyne camera with numerous applications including a SOFIA airborne receiver. This paper presents the whole fabrication process, the validation tests and preliminary results. Membrane-based HEB mixer theory is currently being investigated and further tests such as heterodyne and Fourier transform spectrometry measurement are planed shortly. | ||||
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Publisher | SPIE | Place of Publication | Editor | Chiao, J.-C.; Varadan, V.K.; Cané, C. | |
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Area | Expedition | Conference | Smart Sensors, Actuators, and MEMS | ||
Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | Serial | 1520 | |||
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Author | Baselmans, J. J. A.; Hajenius, M.; Gao, J. R.; Klapwijk, T. M.; de Korte, P. A. J.; Voronov, B.; Gol'tsman, G. | ||||
Title | Noise performance of NbN hot electron bolometer mixers at 2.5 THz and its dependence on the contact resistance | Type | Conference Article | ||
Year | 2003 | Publication | Proc. 14th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol. | Abbreviated Journal | Proc. 14th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol. |
Volume | Issue | Pages | 11-19 | ||
Keywords | NbN HEB mixers | ||||
Abstract | NbN hot electron bolometer mixers (HEBM) are at this moment the best heterodyne receivers for frequencies above 1 Thz. However, the fabrication procedure of these devices is such that the quality of the interface between the NbN superconducting film and the contact structure is not under good control. The result is a low transparency interface between the bolometer itself and the contact/antenna structure. In this paper we report a detailed experimental study on a novel idea to increase the transparency of this interface. This leads to a record sensitivity and more reproducible performance. We compare identical bolometers, coupled with a spiral antenna, with different NbN bolometer-contact pad interfaces. We find that cleaning the NbN interface alone results in an increase in the noise temperature. However, cleaning the NbN interface and adding a thin additional superconductor prior to the gold contact deposition improves the noise temperature of the HEBm with more than a factor of 2. A device with a contact pad on top of an in-situ cleaned NbN film consisting of 10 nm of NbTiN and 40 nm of gold has a DSB noise temperature of 1050 K at 2.5 THz. | ||||
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Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | Serial | 1497 | |||
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Author | Anthore, A.; Pothier, H.; Esteve, D. | ||||
Title | Density of states in a superconductor carrying a supercurrent | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2003 | Publication | Phys. Rev. Lett. | Abbreviated Journal | Phys. Rev. Lett. |
Volume | 90 | Issue | 12 | Pages | 127001 (1 to 4) |
Keywords | Usadel, superconducting nanowire | ||||
Abstract | We have measured the tunneling density of states (DOS) in a superconductor carrying a supercurrent or exposed to an external magnetic field. The pair correlations are weakened by the supercurrent, leading to a modification of the DOS and to a reduction of the gap. As predicted by the theory of superconductivity in diffusive metals, we find that this effect is similar to that of an external magnetic field. | ||||
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Notes | Recommended by Klapwijk | Approved | no | ||
Call Number | Serial | 924 | |||
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Author | Amato, Michael J.; Benford, Dominic J.; Moseley, Harvey S.; Juan Roman | ||||
Title | An engineering concept and enabling technologies for a large single aperture far-infrared observatory (SAFIR) | Type | Conference Article | ||
Year | 2003 | Publication | Proc. SPIE | Abbreviated Journal | |
Volume | 4850 | Issue | Pages | 1120-1131 | |
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Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | RPLAB @ s @ sun_shield_SAFIR_SPIE_2003 | Serial | 339 | ||
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Author | Albert Betz; Rita Boreiko; Yongdong Zhou; Jun Jhao; Yusuf Selamet; Yong Chang; Renganathan Ashokan; Charlie Bukcer; Sivalingam Sivanathan | ||||
Title | HgCdTe photoconductive mixers for 3-15 terahertz | Type | Conference Article | ||
Year | 2003 | Publication | Proc. 14th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol. | Abbreviated Journal | |
Volume | Issue | Pages | 102-111 | ||
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Publisher | Place of Publication | Tucson, USA | Editor | ||
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Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | RPLAB @ s @ HgCdTe_at3to15THz_fabr | Serial | 338 | ||
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Author | Aberle, N.; Witte, U. | ||||
Title | Deep-sea macrofauna exposed to a simulated sedimentation event in the abyssal NE Atlantic: in situ pulse-chase experiments using 13C-labelled phytodetritus | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2003 | Publication | Marine Ecology Progress Series | Abbreviated Journal | Mar Ecol Prog Ser |
Volume | 251 | Issue | Pages | 37-47 | |
Keywords | Deep-sea; Pulse-chase experiment; δ13C; Benthic carbon remineralisation; Macrofauna; Atlantic Ocean, Porcupine Abyssal Plain | ||||
Abstract | Tracer experiments with 13C-labelled diatoms Thalassiosira rotula (Bacillariophycea, 98% 13C-labelled) were conducted at the Porcupine Abyssal Plain (PAP) in the NE Atlantic (BENGAL Station; 48<b0>50'N, 16<b0>30'W, 4850 m depth) during May/June 2000. In situ enrichment experiments were carried out using deep-sea benthic chamber landers: within the chambers a spring bloom was simulated and the fate of this food-pulse within the abyssal macrobenthic community was followed. In focus was the role of different macrofauna taxa and their vertical distribution within the sediment column in consuming and reworking the freshly deposited material. T. rotula is one of the most abundant pelagic diatoms in the NE Atlantic and therefore 0.2 g of freeze dried T. rotula, equivalent to 1 g algal C m-2 yr-1, was injected into each incubation chamber. Three different incubation times of 2.5, 8 and 23 d were chosen in order to follow the uptake of 13C-labelled phytodetritus by macrofauna. After only 2.5 d, 77% of all macrofauna organisms showed tracer uptake. After 23 d the highest degree of enrichment was measured and 95% of the individuals had taken up 13C from the introduced algal material. In addition to that a downward transport of organic matter was observed, even though the mixing was not very intense. The initial processing of carbon was dominated by polychaetes that made up a percentage of 52% of total macrofauna. In general macrofauna organisms that lived close to the sediment surface had higher access to the simulated food-pulse, confirming the hypothesis that individuals close to the sediment surface have the strongest impact on the decomposition of phytodetritus. In our study we observed only modest vertical entrainment of 13C tracers into the sediment. With regard to contradictory results from former 13C-enrichment experiments in bathyal regions, compared to results from our study site in the abyssal plain, we thus propose pronounced differences in feeding strategies between macrofauna communities from continental margins and abyssal plains. | ||||
Address | Aberle, Witte: Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology, Celsiusstr. 1, 28359 Bremen, Germany; Aberle: Present address: Max Planck Institute for Limnology, August-Thienemann-Str. 2, 24306 Pl<f6>n, Germany; Email: aberle@mpil-ploen.mpg.de | ||||
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Publisher | Inter-Research | Place of Publication | Oldendorf/Luhe | Editor | |
Language | English | Summary Language | English | Original Title | |
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ISSN | 0171-8630 | ISBN | Medium | ||
Area | NE Atlantic | Expedition | Conference | ||
Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | refbase @ user @ 706 | Serial | 4 | ||
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Author | |||||
Title | InSb detectors technical data sheet | Type | Miscellaneous | ||
Year | 2003 | Publication | Abbreviated Journal | ||
Volume | Issue | Pages | |||
Keywords | InSb, detector | ||||
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Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | Serial | 476 | |||
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