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Author | Snyder Hale, David D. | ||||
Title | A thermal infrared heterodyne receiver with applications to astronomy | Type | |||
Year | 2003 | Publication | Abbreviated Journal | ||
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Publisher | Place of Publication | Berkeley, CA 94720 | Editor | ||
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Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | Serial | 373 | |||
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Title | InSb detectors technical data sheet | Type | Miscellaneous | ||
Year | 2003 | Publication | Abbreviated Journal | ||
Volume | Issue | Pages | |||
Keywords | InSb, detector | ||||
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Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | Serial | 476 | |||
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Author | Benford, Dominic J.; Gaidis, Michael C.; Kooi, Jacob W. | ||||
Title | Optical properties of Zitex in the infrared to submillimeter | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2003 | Publication | Applied Optics | Abbreviated Journal | Appl. Opt. |
Volume | 42 | Issue | 25 | Pages | 5118 |
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ISSN | 0003-6935 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | Serial | 440 | |||
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Author | Zwiller, V.; Aichele, T.; Seifert, W.; Persson, J.; Benson, O. | ||||
Title | Generating visible single photons on demand with single InP quantum dots | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2003 | Publication | Applied Physics Letters | Abbreviated Journal | Appl. Phys. Lett. |
Volume | 82 | Issue | 10 | Pages | 1509-1511 |
Keywords | single photon, quantum dot, InP | ||||
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Corporate Author | Thesis | ||||
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Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
ISSN | 0003-6951 | ISBN | Medium | ||
Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | Serial | 503 | |||
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Author | Khosropanah, Pourya | ||||
Title | NbN and NbTiN hot electron bolometer THz mixers | Type | Book Whole | ||
Year | 2003 | Publication | Chalmers University of Technology | Abbreviated Journal | |
Volume | Issue | Pages | |||
Keywords | HEB mixer, hot electron bolometer mixer, NbN, NbTiN, superconducting detector, heterodyne receiver, THz mixer, submillimeter mixer, quasioptical receiver, double slot antenna, twin slot antenna, spiral antenna, receiver noise, FTS, Fourier Transform Spectrometer | ||||
Abstract | The thesis reports the development of Hot Electron Bolometer (HEB) mixers for radio astronomy heterodyne receivers in THz frequency range. Part of this work is the fabrication of HEB devices, which are based on NbN or NbTiN superconducting thin films (â‰<a4>5 nm). They are integrated with wideband spiral or double-slot planar antennas. The mixer chips are incorporated into a quasi-optical receiver. The experimental part of this work focuses on the characterization of the receiver as a whole, and the HEB mixers as a part. Double side band receiver noise temperature and the IF bandwidth are reported for frequencies from 0.7 THz up to 2.6 THz. The spectrum of the direct response of HEB integrated with dierent antennas are measured using Fourier Transform Spectrometer (FTS). The effect of the bolometer size on total receiver performance and the LO power requirements is also discussed. A high-yield and reliable process for fabrication of NbN HEB mixers have been achieved. Over 100 devices with different bolometer geometry, film property and also different antennas have been fabricated and measured. The measured data enables us to discuss the impact of different parameters to the receiver overall performance. This work has provided NbN HEB mixers to the following receivers: TREND (Terahertz REceiver with NbN HEB Device) operating at 1.25-1.5 THz, installed in AST/RO Submillimeter Wave Telescope, Amundsen/Scott South Pole Station, in 2002-2003. Band 6-low (1.410-1.700 THz) and 6-high (1.700-1.920 THz) of the HIFI (Heterodyne Instrument for Far Infra-red) in the Herschel Space Observatory, due to launch in 2007 by ESA (European Space Agency). Besides, there has been continuous efforts to develop better models to explain the mixer performance more accurately. They are based on two temperature model for electrons and phonons and solving one-dimensional heat balance equations along the bolometer. The principles of these models are illustrated and the calculated results are compared with measured data. |
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Corporate Author | Thesis | Ph.D. thesis | |||
Publisher | Chalmers University of Technology | Place of Publication | Göteborg | Editor | |
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Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | Serial | 910 | |||
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Author | Verevkin, A.; Slysz, W.; Pearlman, A.; Zhang, J.; Sobolewski, R.; Okunev, O.; Korneev, A.; Kouminov, P.; Smirnov, K.; Chulkova, G.; Gol’tsman, G. N.; Currie, M. | ||||
Title | Real-time GHz-rate counting of infrared photons using nanostructured NbN superconducting detectors | Type | Conference Article | ||
Year | 2003 | Publication | CLEO/QELS | Abbreviated Journal | CLEO/QELS |
Volume | Issue | Pages | CThM8 | ||
Keywords | NbN SSPD; SNSPD; Infrared; Quantum detectors; Detectors; Photon counting; Quantum communications; Quantum cryptography; Single photon detectors; Superconductors | ||||
Abstract | We demonstrate that our ultrathin, nanometer-width NbN superconducting single-photon detectors are capable of above 1-GHz-frequency, real-time counting of near-infrared photons. The measured system jitter of the detector is below 15 ps. | ||||
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Corporate Author | Thesis | ||||
Publisher | Optical Society of America | Place of Publication | Editor | ||
Language | Summary Language | Original Title | |||
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ISSN | ISBN | Medium | |||
Area | Expedition | Conference | Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics/Quantum Electronics and Laser Science Conference | ||
Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | Serial | 1517 | |||
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Author | Zhang, J.; Pearlman, A.; Slysz, W.; Verevkin, A.; Sobolewski, R.; Okunev, O.; Korneev, A.; Kouminov, P.; Smirnov, K.; Chulkova, G.; Gol’tsman, G. N.; Lo, W.; Wilsher, K. | ||||
Title | Infrared picosecond superconducting single-photon detectors for CMOS circuit testing | Type | Conference Article | ||
Year | 2003 | Publication | CLEO/QELS | Abbreviated Journal | CLEO/QELS |
Volume | Issue | Pages | Cmv4 | ||
Keywords | NbN SSPD; SNSPD; Infrared; Quantum detectors; Electron beam lithography; Infrared detectors; Infrared radiation; Quantum efficiency; Single photon detectors; Superconductors | ||||
Abstract | Novel, NbN superconducting single-photon detectors have been developed for ultrafast, high quantum efficiency detection of single quanta of infrared radiation. Our devices have been successfully implemented in a commercial VLSI CMOS circuit testing system. | ||||
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Publisher | Optical Society of America | Place of Publication | Editor | ||
Language | Summary Language | Original Title | |||
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ISSN | ISBN | Medium | |||
Area | Expedition | Conference | Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics/Quantum Electronics and Laser Science Conference | ||
Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | Serial | 1518 | |||
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Author | Zhang, J.; Boiadjieva, N.; Chulkova, G.; Deslandes, H.; Gol'tsman, G. N.; Korneev, A.; Kouminov, P.; Leibowitz, M.; Lo, W.; Malinsky, R.; Okunev, O.; Pearlman, A.; Slysz, W.; Smirnov, K.; Tsao, C.; Verevkin, A.; Voronov, B.; Wilsher, K.; Sobolewski, R. | ||||
Title | Noninvasive CMOS circuit testing with NbN superconducting single-photon detectors | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2003 | Publication | Electron. Lett. | Abbreviated Journal | Electron. Lett. |
Volume | 39 | Issue | 14 | Pages | 1086-1088 |
Keywords | NbN SSPD, SNSPD, applications | ||||
Abstract | The 3.5 nm thick-film, meander-structured NbN superconducting single-photon detectors have been implemented in the CMOS circuit-testing system based on the detection of near-infrared photon emission from switching transistors and have significantly improved the performance of the system. Photon emissions from both p- and n-MOS transistors have been observed. | ||||
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Series Editor | Series Title | Abbreviated Series Title | |||
Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
ISSN | 0013-5194 | ISBN | Medium | ||
Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | Serial | 1512 | |||
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Author | Semenov, A.; Engel, A.; Il'in, K.; Gol'tsman, G.; Siegel, M.; Hübers, H.-W. | ||||
Title | Ultimate performance of a superconducting quantum detector | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2003 | Publication | Eur. Phys. J. Appl. Phys. | Abbreviated Journal | Eur. Phys. J. Appl. Phys. |
Volume | 21 | Issue | 3 | Pages | 171-178 |
Keywords | NbN SSPD, SNSPD | ||||
Abstract | We analyze the ultimate performance of a superconducting quantum detector in order to meet requirements for applications in near-infrared astronomy and X-ray spectroscopy. The detector exploits a combined detection mechanism, in which avalanche quasiparticle multiplication and the supercurrent jointly produce a voltage response to a single absorbed photon via successive formation of a photon-induced and a current-induced normal hotspot in a narrow superconducting strip. The response time of the detector should increase with the photon energy providing energy resolution. Depending on the superconducting material and operation conditions, the cut-off wavelength for the single-photon detection regime varies from infrared waves to visible light. We simulated the performance of the background-limited infrared direct detector and X-ray photon counter utilizing the above mechanism. Low dark count rate and intrinsic low-frequency cut-off allow for realizing a background limited noise equivalent power of 10−20 W Hz−1/2 for a far-infrared direct detector exposed to 4-K background radiation. At low temperatures, the intrinsic response time of the counter is rather determined by diffusion of nonequilibrium electrons than by the rate of energy transfer to phonons. Therefore, thermal fluctuations do not hamper energy resolution of the X-ray photon counter that should be better than 10−3 for 6-keV photons. Comparison of new data obtained with a Nb based detector and previously reported results on NbN quantum detectors support our estimates of ultimate detector performance. | ||||
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Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
ISSN | 1286-0042 | ISBN | Medium | ||
Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | Serial | 534 | |||
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Author | Tong, C.-Y.E.; Meledin, D.V.; Marrone, D.P.; Paine, S.N.; Gibson, H.; Blundell, R. | ||||
Title | Near field vector beam measurements at 1 THz | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2003 | Publication | IEEE Microw. Compon. Lett. | Abbreviated Journal | |
Volume | 13 | Issue | 6 | Pages | 235-237 |
Keywords | HEB, mixer, waveguide, LO power, local oscillator power, saturation effect, dynamic range | ||||
Abstract | We have performed near-field vector beam measurements at 1.03 THz to characterize and align the receiver optics of a superconducting receiver. The signal source is a harmonic generator mounted on an X-Y translation stage. We model the measured two-dimensional complex beam pattern by a fundamental Gaussian mode, from which we derive the position of the beam center, the beam radius and the direction of propagation. By performing scans in the planes separated by 400 mm, we have confirmed that our beam pattern measurements are highly reliable. | ||||
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Language | Summary Language | Original Title | |||
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Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
ISSN | 1531-1309 | ISBN | Medium | ||
Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | RPLAB @ lobanovyury @ | Serial | 574 | ||
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Author | Meledin, D.; Tong, C.-Y. E.; Blundell, R.; Goltsman, G. | ||||
Title | Measurement of intermediate frequency bandwidth of hot electron bolometer mixers at terahertz frequency range | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2003 | Publication | IEEE Microw. Wireless Compon. Lett. | Abbreviated Journal | IEEE Microw. Wireless Compon. Lett. |
Volume | 13 | Issue | 11 | Pages | 493-495 |
Keywords | waveguide NbN HEB mixers | ||||
Abstract | We have developed a new experimental setup for measuring the IF bandwidth of superconducting hot electron bolometer mixers. In our measurement system we use a chopped hot filament as a broadband signal source, and can perform a high-speed IF scan with no loss of accuracy when compared to coherent methods. Using this technique we have measured the 3 dB IF bandwidth of hot electron bolometer mixers, designed for THz frequency operation, and made from 3-4 nm thick NbN film deposited on an MgO buffer layer over crystalline quartz. | ||||
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Language | Summary Language | Original Title | |||
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Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
ISSN | 1531-1309 | ISBN | Medium | ||
Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | Serial | 1509 | |||
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Author | Tong, C.-Y. E.; Meledin, D.; Loudkov, D.; Blundell, R.; Erickson, N.; Kawamura, J.; Mehdi, I.; Gol’tsman, G. | ||||
Title | A 1.5 THz Hot-Electron Bolometer mixer operated by a planar diode based local oscillator | Type | Conference Article | ||
Year | 2003 | Publication | IEEE MTT-S Int. Microwave Symp. Digest | Abbreviated Journal | IEEE MTT-S Int. Microwave Symp. Digest |
Volume | 2 | Issue | Pages | 751-754 | |
Keywords | waveguide NbN HEB mixers | ||||
Abstract | We have developed a 1.5 THz superconducting NbN Hot-Electron Bolometer mixer. It is operated by an all-solid-state Local Oscillator comprising of a cascade of 4 planar doublers following an MMIC based W-band power amplifier. The threshold available pump power is estimated to be 1 /spl mu/W. | ||||
Address | Philadelphia, PA, USA | ||||
Corporate Author | Thesis | ||||
Publisher | Place of Publication | Editor | |||
Language | Summary Language | Original Title | |||
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Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | Serial | 1516 | |||
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Author | Sobolewski, R.; Verevkin, A.; Gol'tsman, G.N.; Lipatov, A.; Wilsher, K. | ||||
Title | Ultrafast superconducting single-photon optical detectors and their applications | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2003 | Publication | IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. | Abbreviated Journal | |
Volume | 13 | Issue | 2 | Pages | 1151-1157 |
Keywords | NbN SSPD, SNSPD | ||||
Abstract | We present a new class of ultrafast single-photon detectors for counting both visible and infrared photons. The detection mechanism is based on photon-induced hotspot formation, which forces the supercurrent redistribution and leads to the appearance of a transient resistive barrier across an ultrathin, submicrometer-width, superconducting stripe. The devices were fabricated from 3.5-nm- and 10-nm-thick NbN films, patterned into <200-nm-wide stripes in the 4 /spl times/ 4-/spl mu/m/sup 2/ or 10 /spl times/ 10-/spl mu/m/sup 2/ meander-type geometry, and operated at 4.2 K, well below the NbN critical temperature (T/sub c/=10-11 K). Continuous-wave and pulsed-laser optical sources in the 400-nm-to 3500-nm-wavelength range were used to determine the detector performance in the photon-counting mode. Experimental quantum efficiency was found to exponentially depend on the photon wavelength, and for our best, 3.5-nm-thick, 100-/spl mu/m/sup 2/-area devices varied from >10% for 405-nm radiation to 3.5% for 1550-nm photons. The detector response time and jitter were /spl sim/100 ps and 35 ps, respectively, and were acquisition system limited. The dark counts were below 0.01 per second at optimal biasing. In terms of the counting rate, jitter, and dark counts, the NbN single-photon detectors significantly outperform their semiconductor counterparts. Already-identified applications for our devices range from noncontact testing of semiconductor CMOS VLSI circuits to free-space quantum cryptography and communications. | ||||
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Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
ISSN | 1051-8223 | ISBN | Medium | ||
Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | Serial | 509 | |||
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Author | Meledin, D.; Tong, C. Y.-E.; Blundell, R.; Kaurova, N.; Smirnov, K.; Voronov, B.; Gol'tsman, G. | ||||
Title | Study of the IF bandwidth of NbN HEB mixers based on crystalline quartz substrate with an MgO buffer layer | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2003 | Publication | IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. | Abbreviated Journal | IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. |
Volume | 13 | Issue | 2 | Pages | 164-167 |
Keywords | NbN HEB mixer | ||||
Abstract | In this paper, we present the results of IF bandwidth measurements on 3-4 nm thick NbN hot electron bolometer waveguide mixers, which have been fabricated on a 200-nm thick MgO buffer layer deposited on a crystalline quartz substrate. The 3-dB IF bandwidth, measured at an LO frequency of 0.81 THz, is 3.7 GHz at the optimal bias point for low noise receiver operation. We have also made measurements of the IF dynamic impedance, which allow us to evaluate the intrinsic electron temperature relaxation time and self-heating parameters at different bias conditions. | ||||
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Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | Serial | 341 | |||
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Author | Semenov, A. D.; Hübers, Heinz-Wilhelm; Richter, H.; Birk, M.; Krocka, M.; Mair, U.; Vachtomin, Yu. B.; Finkel, M. I.; Antipov, S. V.; Voronov, B. M.; Smirnov, K. V.; Kaurova, N. S.; Drakinski, V. N.; Gol'tsman, G. N. | ||||
Title | Superconducting hot-electron bolometer mixer for terahertz heterodyne receivers | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2003 | Publication | IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. | Abbreviated Journal | |
Volume | 13 | Issue | 2 | Pages | 168-171 |
Keywords | NbN HEB mixers | ||||
Abstract | We present recent results showing the development of superconducting NbN hot-electron bolometer mixer for German receiver for astronomy at terahertz frequencies and terahertz limb sounder. The mixer is incorporated into a planar feed antenna, which has either logarithmic spiral or double-slot configuration, and backed on a silicon lens. The hybrid antenna had almost frequency independent and symmetric radiation pattern slightly broader than expected for a diffraction limited antenna. At 2.5 THz the best 2200 K double side-band receiver noise temperature was achieved across a 1 GHz intermediate frequency bandwidth centred at 1.5 GHz. For this operation regime, a receiver conversion efficiency of -17 dB was directly measured and the loss budget was evaluated. The mixer response was linear at load temperatures smaller than 400 K. Implementation of the MgO buffer layer on Si resulted in an increased 5.2 GHz gain bandwidth. The receiver was tested in the laboratory environment by measuring a methanol emission line at 2.5 THz. | ||||
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Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | Serial | 343 | |||
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