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Mitin, Vladimir; Antipov, Andrei; Sergeev, Andrei; Vagidov, Nizami; Eason, David; Strasser, Gottfried |
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Quantum Dot Infrared Photodetectors: Photoresponse Enhancement Due to Potential Barriers |
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Journal Article |
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2011 |
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Nanoscale Research Letters |
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Nanoscale res lett |
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6 |
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1 |
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6 |
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Quantum dots; Infrared detectors; Photoresponse; Doping; Potential barriers; Capture processes |
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Potential barriers around quantum dots (QDs) play a key role in kinetics of photoelectrons. These barriers are always created, when electrons from dopants outside QDs fill the dots. Potential barriers suppress the capture processes of photoelectrons and increase the photoresponse. To directly investigate the effect of potential barriers on photoelectron kinetics, we fabricated several QD structures with different positions of dopants and various levels of doping. The potential barriers as a function of doping and dopant positions have been determined using nextnano3 software. We experimentally investigated the photoresponse to IR radiation as a function of the radiation frequency and voltage bias. We also measured the dark current in these QD structures. Our investigations show that the photoresponse increases ~30 times as the height of potential barriers changes from 30 to 130 meV. |
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RPLAB @ gujma @ |
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712 |
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Семенов, А. В.; Девятов, И. А.; Рябчун, С. А.; Масленников, С. Н.; Масленникова, А. С.; Ларионов, П. А.; Воронов, Б. М.; Чулкова, Г. М. |
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Поглощение терагерцового электромагнитного излучения в “грязной” сверхпроводниковой пленке при произвольном виде спектральных функций |
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2011 |
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Ж. Радиоэлектрон. |
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10 |
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7 |
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terahertz electromagnetic radiation; superconductors; detectors of terahertz range |
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A problem of absorption of high-frequency electromagnetic field in dirty superconductor is treated within Keldysh technic. Expression for the source term in the kinetic equation for quasiparticle distribution function is derived. The result is significant for deriving a consistent microscopic theory of superconducting detectors for terahertz frequency range, perspective detectors on kinetic inductance of current-biased superconducting strip and on Josephson inductance of tunnel.
В технике Келдыша рассмотрена задача о поглощении мощности высокочастотного электромагнитного поля в сверхпроводнике, удовлетворяющем условию грязного предела. Получено выражение для члена источника в кинетическом уравнении для функции распределения квазичастиц, справедливое при произвольном виде спектральных функций. Этот результат имеет значение для развития последовательной микроскопической теории сверхпроводниковых детекторов излучения терагерцового диапазона, в частности, перспективных детекторов на кинетической индуктивности смещённой током сверхпроводниковой полоски и джозефсоновской индуктивности туннельного контакта. |
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Duplicated as 1117 |
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RPLAB @ gujma @ |
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713 |
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González, F. J.; Boreman, G. D. |
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Comparison of dipole, bowtie, spiral and log-periodic IR antennas |
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2005 |
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Infrared Physics & Technology |
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Inf Phys & Technol |
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46 |
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5 |
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418-428 |
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optical antennas; Microbolometer; Infrared antennas; Antenna efficiency; Antenna-coupled detectors |
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Antenna-coupled microbolometers use planar lithographic antennas to couple infrared radiation into a bolometer with sub-micron dimensions. In this paper four different types of infrared antennas were fabricated on thin grounded-substrates and coupled to microbolometers. Dipole, bowtie, spiral and log-periodic IR antenna-coupled detectors were measured at 10.6 μm and their performance compared. A new method to calculate the radiation efficiency based on the spatial and angular response of infrared antennas is presented and used to evaluate their performance. The calculated radiation efficiency for the dipole, bowtie, spiral and log-periodic IR antennas was 20%, 37%, 25% and 46% respectively. A dipole-length study was performed and shows that the quasistatic value of the effective permittivity accurately describes the incident wavelength in the substrate at infrared frequencies for antennas on a thin substrate. |
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RPLAB @ gujma @ |
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739 |
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Il'in, K. S.; Lindgren, M.; Currie, M. A.; Semenov, D.; Gol'tsman, G. N.; Sobolewski, Roman; Cherednichenko, S. I.; Gershenzon, E. M. |
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Picosecond hot-electron energy relaxation in NbN superconducting photodetectors |
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Journal Article |
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2000 |
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Appl. Phys. Lett. |
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Appl. Phys. Lett. |
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76 |
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19 |
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2752-2754 |
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NbN HEB detectors, two-temperature model, IF bandwidth |
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We report time-resolved characterization of superconducting NbN hot-electron photodetectors using an electro-optic sampling method. Our samples were patterned into micron-size microbridges from 3.5-nm-thick NbN films deposited on sapphire substrates. The devices were illuminated with 100 fs optical pulses, and the photoresponse was measured in the ambient temperature range between 2.15 and 10.6 K (superconducting temperature transition TC). The experimental data agreed very well with the nonequilibrium hot-electron, two-temperature model. The quasiparticle thermalization time was ambient temperature independent and was measured to be 6.5 ps. The inelastic electron–phonon scattering time Ï„e–ph tended to decrease with the temperature increase, although its change remained within the experimental error, while the phonon escape time Ï„es decreased almost by a factor of two when the sample was put in direct contact with superfluid helium. Specifically, Ï„e–ph and Ï„es, fitted by the two-temperature model, were equal to 11.6 and 21 ps at 2.15 K, and 10(±2) and 38 ps at 10.5 K, respectively. The obtained value of Ï„e–ph shows that the maximum intermediate frequency bandwidth of NbN hot-electron phonon-cooled mixers operating at TC can reach 16(+4/–3) GHz if one eliminates the bolometric phonon-heating effect. |
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0003-6951 |
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856 |
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D. Henrich, L. Rehm S. Dörner, M. Hofherr, K. Il'in, A. Semenov, and M. Siegel |
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Title |
Detection efficiency of a spiral-nanowire superconducting single-photon detector |
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2012 |
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Critical current, Nanoscale devices, Superconducting photodetectors. |
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We investigate the detection efficiency of a spiral layout of a Superconducting Nanowire Single-Photon Detector (SNSPD). The design is less susceptible to the critical current reduction in sharp turns of the nanowire than the conventional meander design. Detector samples with different nanowire width from 300 to 100 nm are patterned from a 4 nm thick NbN film deposited on sapphire substrates. The critical current IC at 4.2 K for spiral, meander, and simple bridge structures is measured and compared. On the 100 nm wide samples, the detection efficiency is measured in the wavelength range 400-1700 nm and the cut-off wavelength of the hot-spot plateau is determined. In the optical range, the spiral detector reaches a detection efficiency of 27.6%, which is ~1.5 times the value of the meander. In the infrared range the detection efficiency is more than doubled. |
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D. Henrich, L. Rehm S. Dörner, M. Hofherr, K. Il'in, A. Semenov, and M. Siegel |
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RPLAB @ seleznev @ |
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880 |
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Shurakov, A.; Tong, Cheuk-yu E.; Grimes, P.; Blundell, R.; Golt'sman, G. |
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A microwave reflection readout scheme for hot electron bolometric direct detector |
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Journal Article |
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2015 |
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IEEE Trans. THz Sci. Technol. |
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IEEE Trans. THz Sci. Technol. |
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5 |
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81-84 |
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HEB detectors |
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In this paper, we propose and present data from a fast THz detector based on the repurpose of hot electron bolometer mixers (HEB) fabricated from superconducting NbN thinfilm. This detector is essentially a traditional NbN bolometer element that operates under the influence of a microwave pump. The in-jected microwave power serves the dual purpose of enhancing the detector sensitivity and reading out the impedance changes of the device in response to incidentTHz radiation. We have measured an optical Noise Equivalent Power of 4 pW/ Hz for our detector at a bath temperature of 4.2 K. The measurement frequency was 0.83 THz and the modulation frequency was 1.48 kHz. The readout
scheme is versatile and facilitates both high-speed operation as well as multi-pixel applications. |
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RPLAB @ atomics90 @ |
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950 |
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Gayduchenko, I.; Kardakova, A.; Fedorov, G.; Voronov, B.; Finkel, M.; Jiménez, D.; Morozov, S.; Presniakov, M.; Goltsman, G. |
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Response of asymmetric carbon nanotube network devices to sub-terahertz and terahertz radiation |
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Journal Article |
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2015 |
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J. Appl. Phys. |
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J. Appl. Phys. |
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118 |
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19 |
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194303 |
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terahertz detectors, asymmetric carbon nanotubes, CNT |
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Demand for efficient terahertz radiation detectors resulted in intensive study of the asymmetric carbon nanostructures as a possible solution for that problem. It was maintained that photothermoelectric effect under certain conditions results in strong response of such devices to terahertz radiation even at room temperature. In this work, we investigate different mechanisms underlying the response of asymmetric carbon nanotube (CNT) based devices to sub-terahertz and terahertz radiation. Our structures are formed with CNT networks instead of individual CNTs so that effects probed are more generic and not caused by peculiarities of an individual nanoscale object. We conclude that the DC voltage response observed in our structures is not only thermal in origin. So called diode-type response caused by asymmetry of the device IV characteristic turns out to be dominant at room temperature. Quantitative analysis provides further routes for the optimization of the device configuration, which may result in appearance of novel terahertz radiation detectors. |
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0021-8979 |
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1169 |
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Semenov, A. V.; Devyatov, I. A.; Ryabchun, S. A.; Maslennikov, S. N.; Maslennikova, A. S.; Larionov, P. A.; Voronov, B. M.; Chulkova, G. M. |
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Absorption of terahertz electromagnetic radiation in dirty superconducting film at arbitrary type of the spectral functions |
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Journal Article |
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2011 |
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Rus. J. Radio Electron. |
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Rus. J. Radio Electron. |
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10 |
Pages |
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Keywords |
terahertz electromagnetic radiation; superconductors; detectors of terahertz range |
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A problem of absorption of high-frequency electromagnetic field in dirty superconductor is treated within Keldysh technic. Expression for the source term in the kinetic equation for quasiparticle distribution function is derived. The result is significant for deriving a consistent microscopic theory of superconducting detectors for terahertz frequency range, perspective detectors on kinetic inductance of current-biased superconducting strip and on Josephson inductance of tunnel. |
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7 pages |
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1117 |
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Kahl, O.; Ferrari, S.; Kovalyuk, V.; Vetter, A.; Lewes-Malandrakis, G.; Nebel, C.; Korneev, A.; Goltsman, G.; Pernice, W. |
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Spectrally multiplexed single-photon detection with hybrid superconducting nanophotonic circuits |
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Journal Article |
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2017 |
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Optica |
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Optica |
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4 |
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5 |
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557-562 |
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Waveguide integrated superconducting single-photon detectors; Nanophotonics and photonic crystals; Quantum detectors; Spectrometers and spectroscopic instrumentation |
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The detection of individual photons by superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors is an inherently binary mechanism, revealing either their absence or presence while concealing their spectral information. For multicolor imaging techniques, such as single-photon spectroscopy, fluorescence resonance energy transfer microscopy, and fluorescence correlation spectroscopy, wavelength discrimination is essential and mandates spectral separation prior to detection. Here, we adopt an approach borrowed from quantum photonic integration to realize a compact and scalable waveguide-integrated single-photon spectrometer capable of parallel detection on multiple wavelength channels, with temporal resolution below 50 ps and dark count rates below 10 Hz at 80% of the devices' critical current. We demonstrate multidetector devices for telecommunication and visible wavelengths, and showcase their performance by imaging silicon vacancy color centers in diamond nanoclusters. The fully integrated hybrid superconducting nanophotonic circuits enable simultaneous spectroscopy and lifetime mapping for correlative imaging and provide the ingredients for quantum wavelength-division multiplexing on a chip. |
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RPLAB @ kovalyuk @ |
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1119 |
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Shangina, E. L.; Smirnov, K. V.; Morozov, D. V.; Kovalyuk, V. V.; Gol’tsman, G. N.; Verevkin, A. A.; Toropov, A. I. |
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Concentration dependence of the intermediate frequency bandwidth of submillimeter heterodyne AlGaAs/GaAs nanostructures |
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2010 |
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Bull. Russ. Acad. Sci. Phys. |
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Bull. Russ. Acad. Sci. Phys. |
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74 |
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1 |
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100-102 |
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2DEG AlGaAs/GaAs heterostructures, THz heterodyne detectors, IF bandwidth |
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The concentration dependence of the intermediate frequency bandwidth of heterodyne AlGaAs/GaAs detectors with 2D electron gas is measured using submillimeter spectroscopy with high time resolution at T= 4.2 K. The intermediate frequency bandwidth f3dBfalls from 245 to 145 MHz with increasing concentration of 2D electrons n s = (1.6-6.6) × 10[su11] cm-2. The dependence f3dB ≈ n s – 0.04±is observed in the studied concentration range; this dependence is determined by electron scattering by the deformation potential of acoustic phonons and piezoelectric scattering. |
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1062-8738 |
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1217 |
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Semenov, A. D.; Goghidze, I. G.; Gol’tsman, G. N.; Sergeev, A. V.; Gershenzon, E. M. |
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Evidence for the spectral dependence of nonequilibrium picosecond photoresponse of YBaCuO thin films |
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1993 |
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Appl. Phys. Lett. |
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Appl. Phys. Lett. |
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63 |
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5 |
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681-683 |
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YBCO HTS detectors, nonequilibrium |
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The transient voltage photoresponse of current biased YBaCuO thin films to 20 ps laser pulses of 0.63 and 1.54 μm wavelengths is measured for temperatures around the superconducting transition region. The fast picosecond decay of the response is followed by a slow nanosecond relaxation which is associated with the bolometric effect. The magnitude of the fast component of the response varies in proportion to the square root of wavelength that plausibly reflects multiplication processes of photoexcited electrons via electron–electron scattering and interaction with high energy phonons. |
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0003-6951 |
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1655 |
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Nebosis, R. S.; Heusinger, M. A.; Schatz, W.; Renk, K. F.; Gol’tsman, G. N.; Karasik, B. S.; Semenov, A. D.; Gershenzon, E. M. |
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Ultrafast photoresponse of a structured YBa2Cu3O7-δ thin film to ultrashort FIR laser pulses |
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1993 |
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IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. |
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IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. |
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3 |
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1 |
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2160-2162 |
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YBCO HTS detectors |
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The authors have investigated the photoinduced voltage response of a current-carrying structured YBa2Cu3O7-δ thin film to ultrashort far-infrared (FIR) laser pulses in the frequency range from 0.7 THz to 7 THz. The detector has shown an almost constant sensitivity of 1 mV/W and a noise equivalent power of less than 5*10/sup -7/ W/ square root Hz. The temperature dependence of the decay time of the detector signal was studied for temperatures around the transition temperature of the film ( approximately 80 K). For a detector temperature where dR/dT had its maximum, the authors observed bolometric signals with decay times of about 2 ns, and for lower temperatures they observed nonbolometric signals with decay times of approximately 120 ps; the duration of the nonbolometric signals was limited by the time resolution of the electronic registration equipment. |
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1658 |
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Semenov, A. D.; Goghidze, I. G.; Gol’tsman, G. N.; Sergeev, A. V.; Aksaev, E. E.; Gershenzon, E. M. |
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Non-equilibrium quasiparticle response to radiation and bolometric effect in YBaCuO films |
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1993 |
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IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. |
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IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. |
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3 |
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1 |
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2132-2135 |
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YBCO HTS HEB detectors |
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The voltage photoresponse of structured current biased YBCO films on different substrates to 20-ps laser pulses of 0.63- mu m and 1.54- mu m wavelengths and to continuously modulated radiation of 2-mm wavelength is measured to temperatures around Tc. Fast picosecond decay of the response to pulsed radiation is followed by slow exponential relaxation with a nanosecond characteristic time depending on the substrate material and film dimensions. The slow component does not depend on wavelength and is attributed to the bolometric effect, while the magnitude of the fast component associated with nonequilibrium response rises with wavelength. More than an order-of-magnitude increase of the nonequilibrium response is seen from near-infrared to millimeter-wave range. This dependence plausibly reflects the low efficiency of multiplication of photoexcited electrons in YBaCuO compared to conventional superconductors. |
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1558-2515 |
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1659 |
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Nebosis, R. S.; Heusinger, M. A.; Semenov, A. D.; Lang, P. T.; Schatz, W.; Steinke, R.; Renk, K. F.; Gol'tsman, G. N.; Karasik, B. S.; Gershenzon, E. M. |
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Ultrafast photoresponse of an YBa2Cu3O7-δ film to far-infrared radiation pulses |
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1993 |
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Opt. Lett. |
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Opt. Lett. |
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18 |
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2 |
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96-97 |
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YBCO HTS detectors |
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We report the observation of an ultrafast photoresponse of a high-T(c), film to far-infrared radiation pulses. The response of a sample, consisting of a current-carrying structured YBa(2)Cu(3)O(7-delta) film cooled to liquid-nitrogen temperature, was studied by use of ultrashort laser pulses from an optically pumped far-infrared laser in the frequency range from 0.7 to 7 THz. We found that the response time was limited by the time resolution, 120 ps, of our electronic registration equipment. |
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English |
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0146-9592 |
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PMID:19802049 |
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1660 |
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Nebosis, R. S.; Steinke, R.; Lang, P. T.; Schatz, W.; Heusinger, M. A.; Renk, K. F.; Gol’tsman, G. N.; Karasik, B. S.; Semenov, A. D.; Gershenzon, E. M. |
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Picosecond YBa2Cu3O7−δdetector for far‐infrared radiation |
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1992 |
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J. Appl. Phys. |
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J. Appl. Phys. |
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72 |
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11 |
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5496-5499 |
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YBCO HTS detectors |
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We report on a picosecond YBa2Cu3O7−δ detector for far‐infrared radiation. The detector, consisting of a current carrying structure cooled to liquid‐nitrogen temperature, was studied by use of ultrashort laser pulses from an optically pumped far‐infrared laser in the frequency range from 25 to 215 cm−1. We found that the sensitivity (1 mV/W) was almost constant in this frequency range. We estimated a noise equivalent power of less than 5×10−7 W Hz−1/2. Taking into account the results of a mixing experiment (in the frequency range from 4 to 30 cm−1) we suggest that the response time of the detector was few picoseconds. |
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0021-8979 |
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