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| Author | Khosropanah, Pourya | ||||
| Title | NbN and NbTiN hot electron bolometer THz mixers | Type | Book Whole | ||
| Year | 2003 | Publication | Chalmers University of Technology | Abbreviated Journal | |
| Volume | Issue | Pages | |||
| Keywords | HEB mixer, hot electron bolometer mixer, NbN, NbTiN, superconducting detector, heterodyne receiver, THz mixer, submillimeter mixer, quasioptical receiver, double slot antenna, twin slot antenna, spiral antenna, receiver noise, FTS, Fourier Transform Spectrometer | ||||
| Abstract | The thesis reports the development of Hot Electron Bolometer (HEB) mixers for radio astronomy heterodyne receivers in THz frequency range. Part of this work is the fabrication of HEB devices, which are based on NbN or NbTiN superconducting thin films (â‰<a4>5 nm). They are integrated with wideband spiral or double-slot planar antennas. The mixer chips are incorporated into a quasi-optical receiver. The experimental part of this work focuses on the characterization of the receiver as a whole, and the HEB mixers as a part. Double side band receiver noise temperature and the IF bandwidth are reported for frequencies from 0.7 THz up to 2.6 THz. The spectrum of the direct response of HEB integrated with dierent antennas are measured using Fourier Transform Spectrometer (FTS). The effect of the bolometer size on total receiver performance and the LO power requirements is also discussed. A high-yield and reliable process for fabrication of NbN HEB mixers have been achieved. Over 100 devices with different bolometer geometry, film property and also different antennas have been fabricated and measured. The measured data enables us to discuss the impact of different parameters to the receiver overall performance. This work has provided NbN HEB mixers to the following receivers: TREND (Terahertz REceiver with NbN HEB Device) operating at 1.25-1.5 THz, installed in AST/RO Submillimeter Wave Telescope, Amundsen/Scott South Pole Station, in 2002-2003. Band 6-low (1.410-1.700 THz) and 6-high (1.700-1.920 THz) of the HIFI (Heterodyne Instrument for Far Infra-red) in the Herschel Space Observatory, due to launch in 2007 by ESA (European Space Agency). Besides, there has been continuous efforts to develop better models to explain the mixer performance more accurately. They are based on two temperature model for electrons and phonons and solving one-dimensional heat balance equations along the bolometer. The principles of these models are illustrated and the calculated results are compared with measured data. |
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| Address | |||||
| Corporate Author | Thesis | Ph.D. thesis | |||
| Publisher | Chalmers University of Technology | Place of Publication | Göteborg | Editor | |
| Language | Summary Language | Original Title | |||
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| Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
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| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Serial | 910 | |||
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| Author | Meledin, D.; Tong, C.-Y. E.; Blundell, R.; Goltsman, G. | ||||
| Title | Measurement of intermediate frequency bandwidth of hot electron bolometer mixers at terahertz frequency range | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2003 | Publication | IEEE Microw. Wireless Compon. Lett. | Abbreviated Journal | IEEE Microw. Wireless Compon. Lett. |
| Volume | 13 | Issue | 11 | Pages | 493-495 |
| Keywords | waveguide NbN HEB mixers | ||||
| Abstract | We have developed a new experimental setup for measuring the IF bandwidth of superconducting hot electron bolometer mixers. In our measurement system we use a chopped hot filament as a broadband signal source, and can perform a high-speed IF scan with no loss of accuracy when compared to coherent methods. Using this technique we have measured the 3 dB IF bandwidth of hot electron bolometer mixers, designed for THz frequency operation, and made from 3-4 nm thick NbN film deposited on an MgO buffer layer over crystalline quartz. | ||||
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| Language | Summary Language | Original Title | |||
| Series Editor | Series Title | Abbreviated Series Title | |||
| Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
| ISSN | 1531-1309 | ISBN | Medium | ||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Serial | 1509 | |||
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| Author | Tong, C.-Y.E.; Meledin, D.V.; Marrone, D.P.; Paine, S.N.; Gibson, H.; Blundell, R. | ||||
| Title | Near field vector beam measurements at 1 THz | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2003 | Publication | IEEE Microw. Compon. Lett. | Abbreviated Journal | |
| Volume | 13 | Issue | 6 | Pages | 235-237 |
| Keywords | HEB, mixer, waveguide, LO power, local oscillator power, saturation effect, dynamic range | ||||
| Abstract | We have performed near-field vector beam measurements at 1.03 THz to characterize and align the receiver optics of a superconducting receiver. The signal source is a harmonic generator mounted on an X-Y translation stage. We model the measured two-dimensional complex beam pattern by a fundamental Gaussian mode, from which we derive the position of the beam center, the beam radius and the direction of propagation. By performing scans in the planes separated by 400 mm, we have confirmed that our beam pattern measurements are highly reliable. | ||||
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| Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
| ISSN | 1531-1309 | ISBN | Medium | ||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | RPLAB @ lobanovyury @ | Serial | 574 | ||
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| Author | Snyder Hale, David D. | ||||
| Title | A thermal infrared heterodyne receiver with applications to astronomy | Type | |||
| Year | 2003 | Publication | Abbreviated Journal | ||
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| Publisher | Place of Publication | Berkeley, CA 94720 | Editor | ||
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| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Serial | 373 | |||
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| Author | Zwiller, V.; Aichele, T.; Seifert, W.; Persson, J.; Benson, O. | ||||
| Title | Generating visible single photons on demand with single InP quantum dots | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2003 | Publication | Applied Physics Letters | Abbreviated Journal | Appl. Phys. Lett. |
| Volume | 82 | Issue | 10 | Pages | 1509-1511 |
| Keywords | single photon, quantum dot, InP | ||||
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| Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
| ISSN | 0003-6951 | ISBN | Medium | ||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Serial | 503 | |||
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| Author | Su, M. Y.; Carter, S. G.; Sherwin, M. S. | ||||
| Title | Strong-field terahertz optical mixing in excitons | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2003 | Publication | Phys. Rev. B | Abbreviated Journal | Phys. Rev. B |
| Volume | 67 | Issue | 12 | Pages | |
| Keywords | optical mixing | ||||
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| Language | Summary Language | Original Title | |||
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| Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
| ISSN | 1098-0121 | ISBN | Medium | ||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Serial | 500 | |||
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| Author | Aberle, N.; Witte, U. | ||||
| Title | Deep-sea macrofauna exposed to a simulated sedimentation event in the abyssal NE Atlantic: in situ pulse-chase experiments using 13C-labelled phytodetritus | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2003 | Publication | Marine Ecology Progress Series | Abbreviated Journal | Mar Ecol Prog Ser |
| Volume | 251 | Issue | Pages | 37-47 | |
| Keywords | Deep-sea; Pulse-chase experiment; δ13C; Benthic carbon remineralisation; Macrofauna; Atlantic Ocean, Porcupine Abyssal Plain | ||||
| Abstract | Tracer experiments with 13C-labelled diatoms Thalassiosira rotula (Bacillariophycea, 98% 13C-labelled) were conducted at the Porcupine Abyssal Plain (PAP) in the NE Atlantic (BENGAL Station; 48<b0>50'N, 16<b0>30'W, 4850 m depth) during May/June 2000. In situ enrichment experiments were carried out using deep-sea benthic chamber landers: within the chambers a spring bloom was simulated and the fate of this food-pulse within the abyssal macrobenthic community was followed. In focus was the role of different macrofauna taxa and their vertical distribution within the sediment column in consuming and reworking the freshly deposited material. T. rotula is one of the most abundant pelagic diatoms in the NE Atlantic and therefore 0.2 g of freeze dried T. rotula, equivalent to 1 g algal C m-2 yr-1, was injected into each incubation chamber. Three different incubation times of 2.5, 8 and 23 d were chosen in order to follow the uptake of 13C-labelled phytodetritus by macrofauna. After only 2.5 d, 77% of all macrofauna organisms showed tracer uptake. After 23 d the highest degree of enrichment was measured and 95% of the individuals had taken up 13C from the introduced algal material. In addition to that a downward transport of organic matter was observed, even though the mixing was not very intense. The initial processing of carbon was dominated by polychaetes that made up a percentage of 52% of total macrofauna. In general macrofauna organisms that lived close to the sediment surface had higher access to the simulated food-pulse, confirming the hypothesis that individuals close to the sediment surface have the strongest impact on the decomposition of phytodetritus. In our study we observed only modest vertical entrainment of 13C tracers into the sediment. With regard to contradictory results from former 13C-enrichment experiments in bathyal regions, compared to results from our study site in the abyssal plain, we thus propose pronounced differences in feeding strategies between macrofauna communities from continental margins and abyssal plains. | ||||
| Address | Aberle, Witte: Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology, Celsiusstr. 1, 28359 Bremen, Germany; Aberle: Present address: Max Planck Institute for Limnology, August-Thienemann-Str. 2, 24306 Pl<f6>n, Germany; Email: aberle@mpil-ploen.mpg.de | ||||
| Corporate Author | Thesis | ||||
| Publisher | Inter-Research | Place of Publication | Oldendorf/Luhe | Editor | |
| Language | English | Summary Language | English | Original Title | |
| Series Editor | Series Title | Abbreviated Series Title | |||
| Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
| ISSN | 0171-8630 | ISBN | Medium | ||
| Area | NE Atlantic | Expedition | Conference | ||
| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | refbase @ user @ 706 | Serial | 4 | ||
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| Author | Benford, Dominic J.; Gaidis, Michael C.; Kooi, Jacob W. | ||||
| Title | Optical properties of Zitex in the infrared to submillimeter | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2003 | Publication | Applied Optics | Abbreviated Journal | Appl. Opt. |
| Volume | 42 | Issue | 25 | Pages | 5118 |
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| Language | Summary Language | Original Title | |||
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| Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
| ISSN | 0003-6935 | ISBN | Medium | ||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Serial | 440 | |||
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| Author | Zhang, J.; Pearlman, A.; Slysz, W.; Verevkin, A.; Sobolewski, R.; Okunev, O.; Korneev, A.; Kouminov, P.; Smirnov, K.; Chulkova, G.; Gol’tsman, G. N.; Lo, W.; Wilsher, K. | ||||
| Title | Infrared picosecond superconducting single-photon detectors for CMOS circuit testing | Type | Conference Article | ||
| Year | 2003 | Publication | CLEO/QELS | Abbreviated Journal | CLEO/QELS |
| Volume | Issue | Pages | Cmv4 | ||
| Keywords | NbN SSPD; SNSPD; Infrared; Quantum detectors; Electron beam lithography; Infrared detectors; Infrared radiation; Quantum efficiency; Single photon detectors; Superconductors | ||||
| Abstract | Novel, NbN superconducting single-photon detectors have been developed for ultrafast, high quantum efficiency detection of single quanta of infrared radiation. Our devices have been successfully implemented in a commercial VLSI CMOS circuit testing system. | ||||
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| Corporate Author | Thesis | ||||
| Publisher | Optical Society of America | Place of Publication | Editor | ||
| Language | Summary Language | Original Title | |||
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| ISSN | ISBN | Medium | |||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics/Quantum Electronics and Laser Science Conference | ||
| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Serial | 1518 | |||
| Permanent link to this record | |||||
| Author | Verevkin, A.; Slysz, W.; Pearlman, A.; Zhang, J.; Sobolewski, R.; Okunev, O.; Korneev, A.; Kouminov, P.; Smirnov, K.; Chulkova, G.; Gol’tsman, G. N.; Currie, M. | ||||
| Title | Real-time GHz-rate counting of infrared photons using nanostructured NbN superconducting detectors | Type | Conference Article | ||
| Year | 2003 | Publication | CLEO/QELS | Abbreviated Journal | CLEO/QELS |
| Volume | Issue | Pages | CThM8 | ||
| Keywords | NbN SSPD; SNSPD; Infrared; Quantum detectors; Detectors; Photon counting; Quantum communications; Quantum cryptography; Single photon detectors; Superconductors | ||||
| Abstract | We demonstrate that our ultrathin, nanometer-width NbN superconducting single-photon detectors are capable of above 1-GHz-frequency, real-time counting of near-infrared photons. The measured system jitter of the detector is below 15 ps. | ||||
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| Publisher | Optical Society of America | Place of Publication | Editor | ||
| Language | Summary Language | Original Title | |||
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| ISSN | ISBN | Medium | |||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics/Quantum Electronics and Laser Science Conference | ||
| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Serial | 1517 | |||
| Permanent link to this record | |||||
| Author | Zhang, J.; Boiadjieva, N.; Chulkova, G.; Deslandes, H.; Gol'tsman, G. N.; Korneev, A.; Kouminov, P.; Leibowitz, M.; Lo, W.; Malinsky, R.; Okunev, O.; Pearlman, A.; Slysz, W.; Smirnov, K.; Tsao, C.; Verevkin, A.; Voronov, B.; Wilsher, K.; Sobolewski, R. | ||||
| Title | Noninvasive CMOS circuit testing with NbN superconducting single-photon detectors | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2003 | Publication | Electron. Lett. | Abbreviated Journal | Electron. Lett. |
| Volume | 39 | Issue | 14 | Pages | 1086-1088 |
| Keywords | NbN SSPD, SNSPD, applications | ||||
| Abstract | The 3.5 nm thick-film, meander-structured NbN superconducting single-photon detectors have been implemented in the CMOS circuit-testing system based on the detection of near-infrared photon emission from switching transistors and have significantly improved the performance of the system. Photon emissions from both p- and n-MOS transistors have been observed. | ||||
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| Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
| ISSN | 0013-5194 | ISBN | Medium | ||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Serial | 1512 | |||
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| Author | Zhang, J.; Pearlman, A.; Slysz, W.; Verevkin, A.; Sobolewski, R.; Wilsher, K.; Lo, W.; Okunev, O.; Korneev, A.; Kouminov, P.; Chulkova, G.; Gol’tsman, G. N. | ||||
| Title | A superconducting single-photon detector for CMOS IC probing | Type | Conference Article | ||
| Year | 2003 | Publication | Proc. 16-th LEOS | Abbreviated Journal | Proc. 16-th LEOS |
| Volume | 2 | Issue | Pages | 602-603 | |
| Keywords | NbN SSPD, SNSPD | ||||
| Abstract | In this paper, a novel, time-resolved, NbN-based, superconducting single-photon detector (SSPD) has been developed for probing CMOS integrated circuits (ICs) using photon emission timing analysis (PETA). | ||||
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| Area | Expedition | Conference | The 16th Annual Meeting of the IEEE Lasers and Electro-Optics Society, 2003. LEOS 2003. | ||
| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Serial | 1510 | |||
| Permanent link to this record | |||||
| Author | Tong, C.-Y. E.; Meledin, D.; Loudkov, D.; Blundell, R.; Erickson, N.; Kawamura, J.; Mehdi, I.; Gol’tsman, G. | ||||
| Title | A 1.5 THz Hot-Electron Bolometer mixer operated by a planar diode based local oscillator | Type | Conference Article | ||
| Year | 2003 | Publication | IEEE MTT-S Int. Microwave Symp. Digest | Abbreviated Journal | IEEE MTT-S Int. Microwave Symp. Digest |
| Volume | 2 | Issue | Pages | 751-754 | |
| Keywords | waveguide NbN HEB mixers | ||||
| Abstract | We have developed a 1.5 THz superconducting NbN Hot-Electron Bolometer mixer. It is operated by an all-solid-state Local Oscillator comprising of a cascade of 4 planar doublers following an MMIC based W-band power amplifier. The threshold available pump power is estimated to be 1 /spl mu/W. | ||||
| Address | Philadelphia, PA, USA | ||||
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| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Serial | 1516 | |||
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| Author | Gol’tsman, G. N.; Smirnov, K.; Kouminov, P.; Voronov, B.; Kaurova, N.; Drakinsky, V.; Zhang, J.; Verevkin, A.; Sobolewski, R. | ||||
| Title | Fabrication of nanostructured superconducting single-photon detectors | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2003 | Publication | IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. | Abbreviated Journal | IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. |
| Volume | 13 | Issue | 2 | Pages | 192-195 |
| Keywords | NbN SSPD, SNSPD | ||||
| Abstract | Fabrication of NbN superconducting single-photon detectors, based on the hotspot effect is presented. The hotspot formation arises in an ultrathin and submicrometer-width superconductor stripe and, together with the supercurrent redistribution, leads to the resistive detector response upon absorption of a photon. The detector has a meander structure to maximally increase its active area and reach the highest detection efficiency. Main processing steps, leading to efficient devices, sensitive in 0.4-5 /spl mu/m wavelength range, are presented. The impact of various processing steps on the performance and operational parameters of our detectors is discussed. | ||||
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| Language | Summary Language | Original Title | |||
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| Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
| ISSN | 1558-2515 | ISBN | Medium | ||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Serial | 1515 | |||
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| Author | Huebers, H.-W.; Semenov, A.; Richter, H.; Birk, M.; Krocka, M.; Mair, U.; Smirnov, K.; Gol’tsman, G. N.; Voronov, B. M. | ||||
| Title | Superconducting hot electron bolometer as mixer for far-infrared heterodyne receivers | Type | Conference Article | ||
| Year | 2003 | Publication | Proc. SPIE | Abbreviated Journal | Proc. SPIE |
| Volume | 4855 | Issue | Pages | 395-401 | |
| Keywords | NbN HEB mixers | ||||
| Abstract | Heterodyne receivers for applications in astronomy need quantum limited sensitivity. In instruments which are currently under development for SOFIA or Herschel superconducting hot electron bolometers (HEB) will be used to achieve this goal at frequencies above 1.4 THz. We present results of the development of a phonon-cooled NbN HEB mixer for GREAT, the German Receiver for Astronomy at Terahertz Frequencies, which will be flown aboard SOFIA. The mixer is a small superconducting bridge incorporated in a planar feed antenna and a hyperhemispherical lens. Mixers with logarithmic-spiral and double-slot feed antennas have been investigated with respect to their noise temperature, conversion loss, linearity and beam pattern. At 2.5 THz a double sideband noise temperature of 2200 K was achieved. The conversion loss was 17 dB. The response of the mixer was linear up to 400 K load temperature. The performance was verified by measuring an emission line of methanol at 2.5 THz. The measured linewidth is in good agreement with the linewidth deduced from pressure broadening measurements at millimeter wavelength. The results demonstrate that the NbN HEB is very well suited as a mixer for far-infrared heterodyne receivers. | ||||
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| Publisher | SPIE | Place of Publication | Tucson, USA | Editor | Phillips, T. G.; Zmuidzinas, J. |
| Language | Summary Language | Original Title | |||
| Series Editor | Series Title | Presented at the Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE) Conference | Abbreviated Series Title | ||
| Series Volume | 4855 | Series Issue | Edition | ||
| ISSN | ISBN | Medium | |||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | Millimeter and Submillimeter Detectors for Astronomy | ||
| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Serial | 335 | |||
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