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| Author | Dickert, F. L.; Haunschild, A.; Kuschow, V.; Reif, M.; Stathopulos, H. | ||||
| Title | Mass-sensitive detection of solvent vapors. Mechanistic studies on host-guest sensor principles by FT-IR spectroscopy and BET adsorption analysis | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year  |
1996 | Publication | Analytical Chemistry | Abbreviated Journal | Anal. Chem. |
| Volume | 68 | Issue | 6 | Pages | 1058-1061 |
| Keywords | supramolecular recognition, quartz crystal microbalance, QCM, surface acoustic wave, SAW, mass-sensitive sensor, detector, calixarenes, MM3 force field, Brunauer, Emmett and Teller theory, BET | ||||
| Abstract | Chemical sensors, based on highly mass sensitive QMB or SAW devices, coated with thin layers of calixarenes, enable the detection of organic solvent vapours, especially halogenated or aromatic hydrocarbons, down to a few ppm. Force field calculations allow the tailoring of these sensor materials seeing that the predicted interaction energies between the host molecules and a large variety of analytes are linearly correlated to the measured sensor effects. These correlations and also BET adsorption analysis prove the analyte recognition properties of these calixarene coatings to be mainly based on host/guest inclusion principles. | ||||
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| ISSN | 0003-2700 | ISBN | Medium | ||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Serial | 562 | |||
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| Author | Verevkin, A. A.; Ptitsina, N. G.; Smirnov, K. V.; Gol'tsman, G. N.; Voronov, B. M.; Gershenzon, E. M.; Yngvesson, K. S. | ||||
| Title | Hot electron bolometer detectors and mixers based on a superconducting-two-dimensional electron gas-superconductor structure | Type | Conference Article | ||
| Year |
1997 | Publication | Proc. 4-th Int. Semicond. Device Research Symp. | Abbreviated Journal | Proc. 4-th Int. Semicond. Device Research Symp. |
| Volume | Issue | Pages | 163-166 | ||
| Keywords | S-2DEG-S HEB mixers, detectors, AlGaAs/GaAs heterostructures, NbN | ||||
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| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Serial | 1603 | |||
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| Author | Vystavkin, A. N. | ||||
| Title | Estimation of noise equivalent power and design analysis of an andreev reflection hot-electron microbolometer for submillimeter radioastronomy | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year |
1999 | Publication | Rus. J. Radio Electron. | Abbreviated Journal | Rus. J. Radio Electron. |
| Volume | Issue | 10 | Pages | ||
| Keywords | HEB, detector, bolometer | ||||
| Abstract | Results of theoretical estimations and measurements of characteristics of an Andreev reflection hot-electron microbolometer for submillimeter radioastronomy made by different researchers are reviewed and analysed. Peculiarities and characteristics of the microbolometers using two types of microthermometer for measurement of the electron temperature increment under influence of the radiation: the SIN-junction and the transition-edge sensor (TES) with electrothermal feedback – are compared. Advantages of the microbolometer with the second type of the microthermometer when the TES is used simultaneously as the absorber of radiation are shown. Methods of achievement of the best noise equivalent power of the microbolometer in such version as well as methods of the matching the microbolometer with the incident radiation flow using planar antennas and with the channel of output signal measurement using a SQUID-picoammeter are considered. | ||||
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Serial | 496 | |||
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| Author | Il'in, K. S.; Lindgren, M.; Currie, M. A.; Semenov, D.; Gol'tsman, G. N.; Sobolewski, Roman; Cherednichenko, S. I.; Gershenzon, E. M. | ||||
| Title | Picosecond hot-electron energy relaxation in NbN superconducting photodetectors | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year |
2000 | Publication | Appl. Phys. Lett. | Abbreviated Journal | Appl. Phys. Lett. |
| Volume | 76 | Issue | 19 | Pages | 2752-2754 |
| Keywords | NbN HEB detectors, two-temperature model, IF bandwidth | ||||
| Abstract | We report time-resolved characterization of superconducting NbN hot-electron photodetectors using an electro-optic sampling method. Our samples were patterned into micron-size microbridges from 3.5-nm-thick NbN films deposited on sapphire substrates. The devices were illuminated with 100 fs optical pulses, and the photoresponse was measured in the ambient temperature range between 2.15 and 10.6 K (superconducting temperature transition TC). The experimental data agreed very well with the nonequilibrium hot-electron, two-temperature model. The quasiparticle thermalization time was ambient temperature independent and was measured to be 6.5 ps. The inelastic electron–phonon scattering time Ï„e–ph tended to decrease with the temperature increase, although its change remained within the experimental error, while the phonon escape time Ï„es decreased almost by a factor of two when the sample was put in direct contact with superfluid helium. Specifically, Ï„e–ph and Ï„es, fitted by the two-temperature model, were equal to 11.6 and 21 ps at 2.15 K, and 10(±2) and 38 ps at 10.5 K, respectively. The obtained value of Ï„e–ph shows that the maximum intermediate frequency bandwidth of NbN hot-electron phonon-cooled mixers operating at TC can reach 16(+4/–3) GHz if one eliminates the bolometric phonon-heating effect. | ||||
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| Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
| ISSN | 0003-6951 | ISBN | Medium | ||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Serial | 856 | |||
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| Author | Gershenson, M. E.; Gong, D.; Sato, T.; Karasik, B. S.; Sergeev, A. V. | ||||
| Title | Millisecond electron-phonon relaxation in ultrathin disordered metal films at millikelvin temperatures | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year |
2001 | Publication | Appl. Phys. Lett. | Abbreviated Journal | |
| Volume | 79 | Issue | Pages | 2049-2051 | |
| Keywords | HEB detector, FIR, far infrared | ||||
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | RPLAB @ s @ heb_eph_interaction_Gershenzon | Serial | 315 | ||
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| Author | Siemsen, K. J.; Bernard, J. E.; Madej, A. A.; Marmet, L. | ||||
| Title | Absolute frequency measurement of a CO2/OsO4 stabilized laser at 28.8 THz | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year |
2001 | Publication | Applied Physics B: Lasers and Optics | Abbreviated Journal | Appl. Phys. B: Lasers and Optics |
| Volume | 72 | Issue | Pages | 567-573 | |
| Keywords | HgCdTe detector | ||||
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Serial | 462 | |||
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| Author | Zhou, Y.D.; Becker, C. R.; Ashokan, R.; Selamet, Y.; Chang, Y.; Boreiko, R. T.; Betz, A. L.; Sivananthan, S. | ||||
| Title | Progress in far-infrared detection technology | Type | Conference Article | ||
| Year |
2002 | Publication | Proc. SPIE | Abbreviated Journal | |
| Volume | 4795 | Issue | Pages | 121-128 | |
| Keywords | HgCdTe/CdTe, detector | ||||
| Abstract | II-VI intrinsic very long wavelength infrared (VLWIR, λc~20 to 50 μm) materials, HgCdTe alloys as well as HgCdTe/CdTe superlattices, were grown by molecular beam epitaxy (MBE). The layers were characterized by means of X-ray diffraction, conventional Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, Hall effect measurements and transmittance electron microscopy (TEM). Photoconductor devices were processed and their spectral response was also measured to demonstrate their applicability in the VLWIR region. | ||||
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| Series Editor | Longshore, R. E.; Sivananthan, S. | Series Title | Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE) Conference Series | Abbreviated Series Title | |
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Serial | 471 | |||
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| Author | Verevkin, A. A.; Zhang, J.; Slysz, W.; Sobolewski, R.; Lipatov, A. P.; Okunev, O.; Chulkova, G.; Korneev, A.; Gol’tsman, G. N. | ||||
| Title | Superconducting single-photon detectors for GHz-rate free-space quantum communications | Type | Conference Article | ||
| Year |
2002 | Publication | Proc. SPIE | Abbreviated Journal | Proc. SPIE |
| Volume | 4821 | Issue | Pages | 447-454 | |
| Keywords | NbN SSPD, SNSPD, single-photon detector, thin-film superconductivity, quantum cryptography, ultrafast communications | ||||
| Abstract | We report our studies on the performance of new NbN ultrathin-film superconducting single-photon detectors (SSPDs). Our SSPDs exhibit experimentally measured quantum efficiencies from 5% at wavelength λ = 1550 nm up to 10% at λ = 405 nm, with exponential, activation-energy-type spectral sensitivity dependence in the 0.4-μm – 3-μm wavelength range. Using a variable optical delay setup, we have shown that our NbN SSPDs can resolve optical photons with a counting rate up to 10 GHz, presently limited by the read-out electronics. The measured device jitter was below 35 ps under optimum biasing conditions. The extremely high photon counting rate, together with relatively high (especially for λ > 1 μm) quantum efficiency, low jitter, and very low dark counts, make NbN SSPDs very promising for free-space communications and quantum cryptography. | ||||
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| Publisher | SPIE | Place of Publication | Editor | Ricklin, J.C.; Voelz, D.G. | |
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| Area | Expedition | Conference | Free-Space Laser Communication and Laser Imaging II | ||
| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Serial | 1523 | |||
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| Author | Semenov, A. D.; Hübers, H.-W.; Gol’tsman, G. N.; Smirnov, K. | ||||
| Title | Superconducting quantum detector for astronomy and X-ray spectroscopy | Type | Conference Article | ||
| Year |
2002 | Publication | Proc. Int. Workshop on Supercond. Nano-Electronics Devices | Abbreviated Journal | Proc. Int. Workshop on Supercond. Nano-Electronics Devices |
| Volume | Issue | Pages | 201-210 | ||
| Keywords | NbN SSPD, SNSPD, SQD, superconducting quantum detectors, X-ray spectroscopy | ||||
| Abstract | We propose the novel concept of ultra-sensitive energy-dispersive superconducting quantum detectors prospective for applications in astronomy and X-ray spectroscopy. Depending on the superconducting material and operation conditions, such detector may allow realizing background limited noise equivalent power 10−21 W Hz−1/2 in the terahertz range when exposed to 4-K background radiation or counting of 6-keV photon with almost 10—4 energy resolution. Planar layout and relatively simple technology favor integration of elementary detectors into a detector array. | ||||
| Address | Naples, Italy | ||||
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| Publisher | Springer | Place of Publication | Boston, MA | Editor | Pekola, J.; Ruggiero, B.; Silvestrini, P. |
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| ISSN | ISBN | 978-1-4615-0737-6 | Medium | ||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | International Workshop on Superconducting Nano-Electronics Devices, May 28-June 1, 2001 | ||
| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | semenov2002superconducting | Serial | 1525 | ||
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| Author | Kostiuk, Theodor | ||||
| Title | Heterodyne spectroscopy in the thermal infrared region: a window on physics and chemistry | Type | Conference Article | ||
| Year |
2003 | Publication | Proc. International Thermal Detectors Workshop (TDW'03), session 7 (Heterodyne detectors) | Abbreviated Journal | |
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| Keywords | HgCdTe detector | ||||
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| Publisher | Place of Publication | 3501 University Boulevar East Adelphi, MD 20783 | Editor | University of Maryland Inn and Conference Center | |
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Serial | 372 | |||
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| Title | InSb detectors technical data sheet | Type | Miscellaneous | ||
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2003 | Publication | Abbreviated Journal | ||
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| Keywords | InSb, detector | ||||
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Serial | 476 | |||
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| Author | Verevkin, A.; Slysz, W.; Pearlman, A.; Zhang, J.; Sobolewski, R.; Okunev, O.; Korneev, A.; Kouminov, P.; Smirnov, K.; Chulkova, G.; Gol’tsman, G. N.; Currie, M. | ||||
| Title | Real-time GHz-rate counting of infrared photons using nanostructured NbN superconducting detectors | Type | Conference Article | ||
| Year |
2003 | Publication | CLEO/QELS | Abbreviated Journal | CLEO/QELS |
| Volume | Issue | Pages | CThM8 | ||
| Keywords | NbN SSPD; SNSPD; Infrared; Quantum detectors; Detectors; Photon counting; Quantum communications; Quantum cryptography; Single photon detectors; Superconductors | ||||
| Abstract | We demonstrate that our ultrathin, nanometer-width NbN superconducting single-photon detectors are capable of above 1-GHz-frequency, real-time counting of near-infrared photons. The measured system jitter of the detector is below 15 ps. | ||||
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| Publisher | Optical Society of America | Place of Publication | Editor | ||
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| Area | Expedition | Conference | Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics/Quantum Electronics and Laser Science Conference | ||
| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Serial | 1517 | |||
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| Author | Khosropanah, Pourya | ||||
| Title | NbN and NbTiN hot electron bolometer THz mixers | Type | Book Whole | ||
| Year |
2003 | Publication | Chalmers University of Technology | Abbreviated Journal | |
| Volume | Issue | Pages | |||
| Keywords | HEB mixer, hot electron bolometer mixer, NbN, NbTiN, superconducting detector, heterodyne receiver, THz mixer, submillimeter mixer, quasioptical receiver, double slot antenna, twin slot antenna, spiral antenna, receiver noise, FTS, Fourier Transform Spectrometer | ||||
| Abstract | The thesis reports the development of Hot Electron Bolometer (HEB) mixers for radio astronomy heterodyne receivers in THz frequency range. Part of this work is the fabrication of HEB devices, which are based on NbN or NbTiN superconducting thin films (â‰<a4>5 nm). They are integrated with wideband spiral or double-slot planar antennas. The mixer chips are incorporated into a quasi-optical receiver. The experimental part of this work focuses on the characterization of the receiver as a whole, and the HEB mixers as a part. Double side band receiver noise temperature and the IF bandwidth are reported for frequencies from 0.7 THz up to 2.6 THz. The spectrum of the direct response of HEB integrated with dierent antennas are measured using Fourier Transform Spectrometer (FTS). The effect of the bolometer size on total receiver performance and the LO power requirements is also discussed. A high-yield and reliable process for fabrication of NbN HEB mixers have been achieved. Over 100 devices with different bolometer geometry, film property and also different antennas have been fabricated and measured. The measured data enables us to discuss the impact of different parameters to the receiver overall performance. This work has provided NbN HEB mixers to the following receivers: TREND (Terahertz REceiver with NbN HEB Device) operating at 1.25-1.5 THz, installed in AST/RO Submillimeter Wave Telescope, Amundsen/Scott South Pole Station, in 2002-2003. Band 6-low (1.410-1.700 THz) and 6-high (1.700-1.920 THz) of the HIFI (Heterodyne Instrument for Far Infra-red) in the Herschel Space Observatory, due to launch in 2007 by ESA (European Space Agency). Besides, there has been continuous efforts to develop better models to explain the mixer performance more accurately. They are based on two temperature model for electrons and phonons and solving one-dimensional heat balance equations along the bolometer. The principles of these models are illustrated and the calculated results are compared with measured data. |
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| Corporate Author | Thesis | Ph.D. thesis | |||
| Publisher | Chalmers University of Technology | Place of Publication | Göteborg | Editor | |
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Serial | 910 | |||
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| Author | Verevkin, A. A.; Pearlman, A.; Slysz, W.; Zhang, J.; Sobolewski, R.; Chulkova, G.; Okunev, O.; Kouminov, P.; Drakinskij, V.; Smirnov, K.; Kaurova, N.; Voronov, B.; Gol’tsman, G.; Currie, M. | ||||
| Title | Ultrafast superconducting single-photon detectors for infrared wavelength quantum communications | Type | Conference Article | ||
| Year |
2003 | Publication | Proc. SPIE | Abbreviated Journal | Proc. SPIE |
| Volume | 5105 | Issue | Pages | 160-170 | |
| Keywords | NbN SSPD, SNSPD, applications, single-photon detector, quantum cryptography, quantum communications, superconducting devices | ||||
| Abstract | We have developed a new class of superconducting single-photon detectors (SSPDs) for ultrafast counting of infrared (IR) photons for secure quantum communications. The devices are operated on the quantum detection mechanism, based on the photon-induced hotspot formation and subsequent appearance of a transient resistive barrier across an ultrathin and submicron-wide superconducting stripe. The detectors are fabricated from 3.5-nm-thick NbN films and they operate at 4.2 K inside a closed-cycle refrigerator or liquid helium cryostat. Various continuous and pulsed laser sources have been used in our experiments, enabling us to determine the detector experimental quantum efficiency (QE) in the photon-counting mode, response time, time jitter, and dark counts. Our 3.5-nm-thick SSPDs reached QE above 15% for visible light photons and 5% at 1.3 – 1.5 μm infrared range. The measured real-time counting rate was above 2 GHz and was limited by the read-out electronics (intrinsic response time is <30 ps). The measured jitter was <18 ps, and the dark counting rate was <0.01 per second. The measured noise equivalent power (NEP) is 2 x 10-18 W/Hz1/2 at λ = 1.3 μm. In near-infrared range, in terms of the counting rate, jitter, dark counts, and overall sensitivity, the NbN SSPDs significantly outperform their semiconductor counterparts. An ultrafast quantum cryptography communication technology based on SSPDs is proposed and discussed. | ||||
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| Publisher | SPIE | Place of Publication | Editor | Donkor, E.; Pirich, A.R.; Brandt, H.E. | |
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| Area | Expedition | Conference | Quantum Information and Computation | ||
| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Serial | 1514 | |||
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| Author | Zhang, J.; Pearlman, A.; Slysz, W.; Verevkin, A.; Sobolewski, R.; Okunev, O.; Korneev, A.; Kouminov, P.; Smirnov, K.; Chulkova, G.; Gol’tsman, G. N.; Lo, W.; Wilsher, K. | ||||
| Title | Infrared picosecond superconducting single-photon detectors for CMOS circuit testing | Type | Conference Article | ||
| Year |
2003 | Publication | CLEO/QELS | Abbreviated Journal | CLEO/QELS |
| Volume | Issue | Pages | Cmv4 | ||
| Keywords | NbN SSPD; SNSPD; Infrared; Quantum detectors; Electron beam lithography; Infrared detectors; Infrared radiation; Quantum efficiency; Single photon detectors; Superconductors | ||||
| Abstract | Novel, NbN superconducting single-photon detectors have been developed for ultrafast, high quantum efficiency detection of single quanta of infrared radiation. Our devices have been successfully implemented in a commercial VLSI CMOS circuit testing system. | ||||
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| Publisher | Optical Society of America | Place of Publication | Editor | ||
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| Area | Expedition | Conference | Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics/Quantum Electronics and Laser Science Conference | ||
| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Serial | 1518 | |||
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