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	Author	Лесс, Ю. А.; Кирсанов, Ю. А.
	Title	Былое и думы. Посвящение эпохе Н. Н. Малова, Е. М. Гершензона, В. С. Эткина			Type	Miscellaneous
	Year	2015	Publication	ПРФЛ	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume		Issue		Pages
	Keywords	физфак МПГУ, физфак МГПИ, ПРФЛ
	Abstract
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	1132
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	Author	Васильева, И. А.; Компанеец, В. В.; Красная, Ж. А.; Чижикова, З. А.
	Title	Проявление внутримолекулярных вибронных взаимодействий в тонкоструктурных спектрах флуоресценции и возбуждения флуоресценции полиеновых Î´-диметиламинокетонов			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2011	Publication	Оптический журнал	Abbreviated Journal	Опт. ж.
	Volume	78	Issue	5	Pages	3-8
	Keywords	спектры флуоресценции; вибрационный анализ; адиабатическое гармоническое приближение; бесфононная линия; фононное крыло
	Abstract	Проведен вибрационный анализ спектров флуоресценции и возбуждения флуоресценции, полученных методом Шпольского при 4,2 K. Рассчитаны параметры внутримолекулярных взаимодействий двух Î´-диметиламинокетонов. Для определения интегральных интенсивностей вибронных полос в спектрах с тонкой структурой на интенсивном сплошном фоне выполнено моделирование спектров путем представления полосы каждого из вибронных переходов бесфононной линией и фононным крылом с определенными параметрами (полуширинами, фактором Дебая–Валлера). Показано, что нарушение зеркальной симметрии в сопряженных спектрах флуоресценции и возбуждения флуоресценции этих двух соединений может быть обÑŠяснено интерференцией франк-кондоновского и герцберг-теллеровского взаимодействий.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	RPLAB @ gujma @			Serial	721
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	Author	Ожегов, Р.В.; Окунев, О.В.; Гольцман, Г.Н.
	Title	Флуктуационная чувствительность сверхпроводящего болометрического смесителя на эффекте разогрева электронного газа			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2009	Publication	Радиотехника	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume		Issue	3	Pages	120-124
	Keywords	смеситель на горячих электронах; флуктуационная чувствительность; тепловизор терагерцевого диапазона частот; hot-electron bolometer mixer; Imaging system; Noise equivalent temperature difference; Heterodyne receiver; Terahertz range
	Abstract	Interest in research in the terahertz range is driven by a great number of various applications, where terahertz instruments may play a leading role. To name just a few, such applications include study of the cosmic microwave background radiation and the distribution of the dark matter, medicine, navigation, fire alarm, security systems and environmental monitoring. The paper discusses the possibility of using a receiver based on the hot-electron effect in superconducting films as an imaging system. We present the results of the noise equivalent temperature difference (NETD) measurements performed with a hot-electron bolometer mixer made from a thin superconducting film. The receiver with a noise temperature of ~ 3800 K at a local oscillator frequency of 300 GHz a bandwidth of 500 MHz and an integration time of 1 s has offered an NETD of 0.5 K. We have also developed a technique that enabled us to reduce the contribution of the mixer gain fluctuations to the overall system instability. As of this writing, the above value of the NETD is the lowest value offered for this type of receiver, which indicates the possibility to use such receivers in real-time imaging systems. The technique offered in the paper for achieving the limiting value of the NETD offers an alternative to the phase-locking scheme. Представены результаты измерения флуктуационной чувствительности (NETD – noise equivalent temperature difference) болометрического смесителя на эффекте разогрева электронного газа в тонких сверхпроводящих пленках. Получено предельное значение NETD, равное 0,5 К, при шумовой температуре приемника 3800 К, ширине полосы преобразования 500 МГц, постоянной времени 1 с и частоте гетеродина 300 ГГц. Разработана методика достижения предельной флуктуационной чувствительности, позволяющая избежать влияния нестабильности коэффициента преобразования смесителя.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	RPLAB @ gujma @			Serial	728
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	Author	Ларионов, П.А.; Рябчун, С.А.; Финкель, М.И.; Гольцман, Г.Н.
	Title	Вывешенный сверхпроводящий детектор терагерцового диапазона			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2011	Publication	Труды Московского физико-технического института	Abbreviated Journal	Труды МФТИ
	Volume	3	Issue	2	Pages	29-30
	Keywords	вывешенный болометр, терагерцовый диапазон, сверхпроводящие пленки
	Abstract	Рассматриваются технологические особенности создания чувствительного вывешен- ного детектора терагерцевого диапазона на основе плёнки MoRe. Предлагается воз- можный маршрут создания такого детектора и поясняется выбор материалов, ис- пользуемых для создания детектора.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	RPLAB @ gujma @			Serial	645
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	Author	Gershenzon, E. M.; Gol’tsman, G. N.; Gousev, Y. P.; Elant’ev, A. I.; Semenov, A. D.
	Title	Electromagnetic radiation mixer based on electron heating in resistive state of superconductive Nb and YBaCuO films			Type	Journal Article
	Year	1991	Publication	IEEE Trans. Magn.	Abbreviated Journal	IEEE Trans. Magn.
	Volume	27	Issue	2	Pages	1317-1320
	Keywords	YBCO, HTS, Nb HEB mixers
	Abstract	A theory of an electron-heating mixer which makes it possible to calculate all the characteristics of the device is developed. It is shown that positive conversion gain is possible for such a mixer in the millimeter to near-infrared wavelength range. The dynamic range and the optimum heterodyne power can be selected from a very wide interval by varying the mixing element volume. Measurements made for Nb within the frequency range of 120-750 GHz confirm the theory. The conversion loss obtained at T=1.6 K and normalized to the element reaches 0.3 dB in the intermediate frequency band of 40 MHz; the possible noise temperature is 50 K. The estimation of noise temperature and output band for YBaCuO at T=77 yields 200 K and more than 10 GHz, respectively.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1941-0069	ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	1681
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	Author	Gershenzon, E. M.; Gershenzon, M. E.; Goltsman, G. N.; Semenov, A. D.; Sergeev, A. V.
	Title	Wide-band highspeed Nb and YBaCuO detectors			Type	Journal Article
	Year	1991	Publication	IEEE Trans. Magn.	Abbreviated Journal	IEEE Trans. Magn.
	Volume	27	Issue	2	Pages	2836-2839
	Keywords	YBCO, HTS, Nb detectors
	Abstract	The physical limitations on the response time and the nature of nonequilibrium detection of radiation were investigated for Nb and YBCO film in a wide spectral range from millimeter to near-infrared wavelengths. In the case of ideal heat removal from the film, the detection mechanism is connected with an electron heating effect which is not selective over a wide spectral interval. For Nb, the dependence of the response time on the electron mean free path l and temperature T is tau varies as T/sup -2/l/sup -1/. The values of detectivity D* and tau are 310/sup 11/ W/sup -1/ Hz/sup 1/2/ cm and 510/sup -9/ s at T=1.6 K, respectively. For YBCO film the tau value of 1-2 ps at T=77 K was obtained; the NEP value of 3*10/sup -11/ W-Hz/sup -1/2/ can be obtained at T=77 K in the case of the optimal film matching to the radiation.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0018-9464	ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	239
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	Author	Karasik, B. S.; Zorin, M. A.; Milostnaya, I. I.; Elantev, A. I.; Gol’tsman, G. N.; Gershenzon, E. M.
	Title	Subnanosecond switching of YBaCuO films between superconducting and normal states induced by current pulse			Type	Journal Article
	Year	1995	Publication	J. Appl. Phys.	Abbreviated Journal	J. Appl. Phys.
	Volume	77	Issue	8	Pages	4064-4070
	Keywords	YBCO HTS switches
	Abstract	A study is reported of the current switching in high‐quality YBaCuO films deposited onto NdGaO3 and ZrO2 substrates between superconducting (S) and normal (N) states. The films 60–120 nm thick prepared by laser ablation were structured into single strips between gold contacts. The time dependence of the resistance after application of the voltage step to the film was monitored. Experiment performed within certain ranges of voltage amplitudes and temperatures has shown the occurrence of the fast stage (shorter than 400 ps) both in S‐N and N‐S transitions. A fraction of the film resistance changing within this stage in the S‐N transition increases with the current amplitude. A subnanosecond N‐S stage becomes more pronounced for shorter pulses. The fast switching is followed by the much slower change of resistance. The mechanism of switching is discussed in terms of the hot‐electron phenomena in YBaCuO. The contributions of other thermal processes (e.g., a phonon escape from the film, a heat diffusion in the film and substrate, a resistive domain formation) in the subsequent stage of the resistance dynamic have been also discussed. The basic limiting characteristics (average dissipated power, energy needed for switching, maximum repetition rate) of a picosecond switch which is proposed to be developed are estimated.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0021-8979	ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	1623
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	Author	Karasik, B.S.; Milostnaya, I.I.; Zorin, M.A.; Elantev, A.I.; Gol'tsman, G.N.; Gershenzon, E.M.
	Title	Subnanosecond S-N and N-S switching of YBCO film induced by current pulse			Type	Journal Article
	Year	1994	Publication	Phys. C: Supercond.	Abbreviated Journal	Phys. C: Supercond.
	Volume	235-240	Issue		Pages	1981-1982
	Keywords	YBCO HTS switches
	Abstract	A transition of YBCO bridge 60 nm thick from superconducting to normal state induced by an abrupt current step has been studied. A subnanosecond stage has been observed during both S-N and N-S transition. The data obtained can be explained by hot-electron phenomena. On the basis of experimental results a prediction of picosecond switch performance has been made.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0921-4534	ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	1633
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	Author	Karasik, B. S.; Zorin, M. A.; Milostnaya, I. I.; Elantev, A. I.; Gol’tsman, G. N.; Gershenzon, E. M.
	Title	Evidence of subnanosecond transition stage in S-N current switching of YBaCuO films			Type	Conference Article
	Year	1994	Publication	Proc. SPIE	Abbreviated Journal	Proc. SPIE
	Volume	2160	Issue		Pages	74-82
	Keywords	YBCO HTS switches
	Abstract	We report on a study of S-N and N-S current switching in high quality YBaCuO films deposited onto ZrO₂ and NdGaO₃ substrates. The films 60-120 nm thick prepared by laser ablation were structured into single strips and were provided with gold contacts. We monitored the time dependence of the resistance upon application of the voltage step on the film. Experiment performed within certain ranges of voltage amplitudes and temperatures showed the occurrence of the fast stage both in S-N (shorter than 300 ps) and N-S transition. We discuss the mechanism of switching taking into account the hot electron phenomena in YBaCuO. The contributions of various thermal processes in the subsequent stage of the resistance dynamic are also discussed. The basic limiting characteristics (average dissipated power, minimum work done for switching, maximum repetition rate) of a picosecond switch which is proposed to be developed are estimated.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	SPIE	Place of Publication		Editor	Buhrman, R.A.; Clarke, J.T.; Daly, K.; Koch, R.H.; Luine, J.A.; Simon, R.W.
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference	Superconductive Devices and Circuits
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	1638
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	Author	Gershenzon, E. M.; Gol'tsman, G. N.; Dzardanov, A. L.; Elant'ev, A. I.; Zorin, M. A.; Markin, A. G.; Semenov, A. D.
	Title	S-N switching of niobium and YBCO films: limit time and perspective of fast key element creation			Type	Journal Article
	Year	1992	Publication	Sverkhprovodimost': Fizika, Khimiya, Tekhnika	Abbreviated Journal	Sverkhprovodimost': Fizika, Khimiya, Tekhnika
	Volume	5	Issue	12	Pages	2386-2402
	Keywords	YBCO HTS switches
	Abstract	A study was made on processes of switching of thin niobium film strips between superconducting and normal states under the effect of optical radiation pulse and voltage step. The results are described satisfactorily by the model of spatial homogeneous electron heating. It is shown that limiting switching times can be equal to several shares of nanosecond at 4.2 K. Preliminary results for YBa2Cu3O-7-x films are presented. Prospects and advantages of creation of ducting structures of narrow streps, are discussed.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0131-5366	ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	1674
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	Author	Gol'tsman, G.; Kouminov, P.; Goghidze, I.; Gershenzon, E.
	Title	Nonequilibrium kinetic inductive response of YBCO thin films to low power laser pulses			Type	Journal Article
	Year	1995	Publication	IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond.	Abbreviated Journal	IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond.
	Volume	5	Issue	2	Pages	2591-2594
	Keywords	YBCO HTS KID
	Abstract	We have discovered a transient nonequilibrium kinetic inductive voltage response of YBCO thin films to 20 ps pulses of YAG:Nd laser radiation with 0.63 /spl mu/m and 1.54 /spl mu/m wavelength. By increasing the sensitivity of the read-out system with 100 ps resolution time and diminishing the light intensity (fluence 0.1-2 /spl mu/J/cm/sup 2/) and transport current (density /spl les/10/sup 5/ A/cm/sup 2/) we were able to observe a peculiar bipolar signal form with nearly equal amplitudes for each sign. The integration of the kinetic inductive response over time gives the result which is qualitatively, of the same form as the response in the resistive and normal states: the nonequilibrium picosecond scale component is followed by the bolometric nanosecond component. The nonequilibrium response is interpreted as suppression of the order parameter by excess quasiparticles followed by a change both in resistance (for the resistive state) and in kinetic inductance (for the superconducting state).
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1051-8223	ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	1621
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	Author	Gol'tsman, G. N.; Kouminov, P.; Goghidze, I.; Gershenzon, E. M.
	Title	Nonequilibrium kinetic inductive response of YBaCuO thin films to low-power laser pulses			Type	Journal Article
	Year	1994	Publication	Phys. C: Supercond.	Abbreviated Journal	Phys. C: Supercond.
	Volume	235-240	Issue		Pages	1979-1980
	Keywords	YBCO HTS KID
	Abstract	Transient non-equilibrium kinetic inductive voltage response of YBaCuO thin films to 20 ps pulses of YAG:Nd laser radiation with 0.63 μm and 1.5 μm wavelength has been revealed. By increasing the sensitivity of 100 ps resolution time registration system and diminishing light intensity (fluence 0.1-1 μJ2/cm2) and transport current (density j≤105 A/cm2) we observed a perculiar bipolar signal form with nearly equal amplitudes of each sign. The integration of the kinetic inductive response over time gives the result which is qualitatively of the same form as the response in the resistive and normal states: nonequilibrium picosecond scale component followed by bolometric nanosecond. Nonequilibrium response is interpreted as suppression of order parameter by excess of quasiparticles followed by a change in resistance in the resistive state and kinetic inductance in superconductive state.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0921-4534	ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	1634
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	Author	Lindgren, M.; Trifonov, V.; Zorin, M.; Danerud, M.; Winkler, D.; Karasik, B. S.; Gol’tsman, G. N.; Gershenzon, E.M.
	Title	Transient resistive photoresponse of YBa₂Cu₃O_7−δ films using low power 0.8 and 10.6 μm laser radiation			Type	Journal Article
	Year	1994	Publication	Appl. Phys. Lett.	Abbreviated Journal	Appl. Phys. Lett.
	Volume	64	Issue	22	Pages	3036-3038
	Keywords	YBCO HTS HEB, nonequilibrium
	Abstract	Thin YBa2Cu3O7−δ laser deposited films were patterned into devices consisting of ten parallel 1 μm wide strips. Nonequilibrium picosecond and bolometric photoresponses were studied by the use of 17 ps full width at half‐maximum laser pulses and amplitude modulated radiation from an AlGaAs laser up to 10 GHz and from a CO2 laser up to 1 GHz. The time and frequency domain measurements were in agreement. The fast response can be explained by electron heating. The use of low optical power and a sensitive measurement system excluded any nonlinear transient processes and kinetic inductance changes in the superconducting state. At 1 GHz modulation frequency, the responsivity was ∼1.2 V/W both for 0.8 and 10.6 μm wavelengths. The sensitivity of a fast and spectrally broadband infrared detector is discussed.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0003-6951	ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	1639
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	Author	Gol’tsman, G. N.; Kouminov, P. B.; Goghidze, I. G.; Karasik, B. S.; Gershenzon, E. M.
	Title	Nonbolometric and fast bolometric responses of YBaCuO thin films in superconducting, resistive, and normal states			Type	Conference Article
	Year	1994	Publication	Proc. SPIE	Abbreviated Journal	Proc. SPIE
	Volume	2159	Issue		Pages	81-86
	Keywords	YBCO HTS HEB, nonbolornetric
	Abstract	The transient voltage response in both epitaxial and granular YBaCuO thin films to 20 ps pulses of YAG:Nd laser radiation with 0.63 micrometers and 1.54 micrometers was studied. In normal and resistive states both types of films demonstrate two components: nonequilibrium picosecond component and following bolometric nanosecond. The normalized amplitudes are almost the same for all films. In superconducting state we observed a kinetic inductive response and two-component shape after integration. The normalized amplitude of the response in granular films is up to several orders of magnitude larger than in epitaxial films. We interpret the nonequilibrium response in terms of a suppression of order parameter by the excess of quasiparticles followed by the change of resistance in normal and resistive states or kinetic inductance in superconducting state. The sharp rise of inductive response in granular films is explained both by a diminishing of the crossection for current percolation through the disordered network os Josephson weak links and by a decrease of condensate density in neighboring regions.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	SPIE	Place of Publication		Editor	Nahum, M.; Villegier, J.-C.
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference	High-Temperature Superconducting Detectors: Bolometric and Nonbolometric
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	1641
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	Author	Karasik, B. S.; Milostnaya, I. I.; Zorin, M. A.; Elantev, A. I.; Gol'tsman, G. N.; Gershenzon, E. M.
	Title	High speed current switching of homogeneous YBaCuO film between superconducting and resistive states			Type	Journal Article
	Year	1995	Publication	IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond.	Abbreviated Journal	IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond.
	Volume	5	Issue	2	Pages	3042-3045
	Keywords	YBCO HTS HEB switches
	Abstract	Transitions of thin structured YBaCuO films from superconducting (S) to normal (N) state and back induced by a supercritical current pulse has been studied. A subnanosecond stage in the film resistance dynamic has been observed. A more gradual (nanosecond) ramp in the time dependence of the resistance follows the fast stage. The fraction of the film resistance which is attained during the fast S-N stage rises with the current amplitude. Subnanosecond N-S switching is more pronounced for smaller amplitudes of driving current and for shorter pulses. The phenomena observed are viewed within the framework of an electron heating model. The expected switching time and repetition rate of an optimized current controlling device are estimated to be 1-2 ps and 80 GHz respectively.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1051-8223	ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	1620
Permanent link to this record



	Author	Cherednichenko, S.; Rönnung, F.; Gol'tsman, G.; Kollberg, E.; Winkler, D.
	Title	YBa2Cu3O7−δ hot-electron bolometer mixer			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2000	Publication	Phys. C: Supercond.	Abbreviated Journal	Phys. C: Supercond.
	Volume	341-348	Issue		Pages	2653-2654
	Keywords	YBCO HTS HEB mixers
	Abstract	We present an investigation of hot-electron bolometric mixer based on YBa2Cu3O7−δ (YBCO) superconducting thin film. Mixer conversion loss, absorbed local oscillator power and intermediate frequency bandwidth was measured at the local oscillator frequency 600 GHz. The fabrication technique for nanoscale YBCO hot-electron bolometer (HEB) mixer integrated into planar antenna structure is described.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0921-4534	ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	1552
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	Author	Cherednichenko, S.; Rönnung, F.; Gol’tsman, G.; Kollberg, E.; Winkler, D.
	Title	YBa₂Cu₃O_7-δ hot-electron bolometer mixer at 0.6 THz			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2000	Publication	Proc. 11^th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol.	Abbreviated Journal	Proc. 11^th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol.
	Volume		Issue		Pages	517-522
	Keywords	YBCO HTS HEB mixers
	Abstract	We present an investigation of hot-electron bolometric mixer based on a YBa 2 Cu 3 O 7-δ (YBCO) superconducting thin film. Mixer conversion loss of –46 dB, absorbed local oscillator power and intermediate frequency bandwidth were measured at the local oscillator frequency 0.6 THz. The fabrication technique for nanoscale YBCO hot-electron bolometer (HEB) mixer integrated with a planar antenna structure is described.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	1556
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	Author	Rönnung, F.; Cherednichenko, S.; Winkler, D.; Gol'tsman, G. N.
	Title	A nanoscale YBCO mixer optically coupled with a bow tie antenna			Type	Journal Article
	Year	1999	Publication	Supercond. Sci. Technol.	Abbreviated Journal	Supercond. Sci. Technol.
	Volume	12	Issue	11	Pages	853-855
	Keywords	YBCO HTS HEB mixers
	Abstract	The bolometric response of YBa₂Cu₃O_7-δ(YBCO) hot-electron bolometers (HEBs) to near-infrared radiation was studied. Devices were fabricated from a 50 nm thick film and had in-plane areas of 10 × 10 µm2, 2 × 0.2 µm2, 1 × 0.2µm2 and 0.5 × 0.2 µm2. We found that nonequilibrium phonons cool down more effectively for the bolometers with smaller area. For the smallest bolometer the bolometric component in the response is 10 dB less than for the largest one.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0953-2048	ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	1563
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	Author	Cherednichenko, S.; Ronnung, F.; Gol'tsman, G.; Gershenzon, E.; Winkler, D.
	Title	YBa₂Cu₃O_7-δ hot-electron bolometer with submicron dimensions			Type	Conference Article
	Year	1999	Publication	Proc. 10^th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol.	Abbreviated Journal	Proc. 10^th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol.
	Volume		Issue		Pages	181-189
	Keywords	YBCO HTS HEB mixers
	Abstract	Photoresponse of YBa₂Cu₃O_7-δ hot-electron bolometers to modulated near-infrared radiation was studied at a modulation .frequenc y var y ing from 0.2 MHz to 2 GHz. Bolometers were _fabricated from a 50 12 M thick film and had in-plane areas of 10x10 , um 2 . 2x0.2 s um', 1x0.2 p.m', and 0.5x0.2 jim. We found that nonequilibrium phonons cool down more effectively for the bolometers with smaller area. For the smallest bolometer the bolometric component in the response is 10 dB less than for the largest one.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	1572
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	Author	Gousev, Y. P.; Semenov, A. D.; Goghidze, I. G.; Pechen, E. V.; Varlashkin, A. V.; Gol'tsman, G. N.; Gershenzon, E. M.; Renk, K. F.
	Title	Current dependent noise in a YBa₂Cu₃O_7-δ hot-electron bolometer			Type	Journal Article
	Year	1997	Publication	IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond.	Abbreviated Journal	IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond.
	Volume	7	Issue	2	Pages	3556-3559
	Keywords	YBCO HTS HEB mixers
	Abstract	We investigated the output noise of a YBa₂Cu₃O_7-δ (YBCO) superconducting hot-electron bolometer (HEB) in a large frequency range (10 kHz to 8 GHz); the bolometer either consisted of a structured 50 nm thick YBCO film on LaAlO/sub 3/ or a 30 nm thick film on a MgO substrate. We found that flicker noise dominated at low frequencies (below 1 MHz), while at higher frequencies Johnson noise and a current dependent noise were the main noise sources.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1051-8223	ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	1592
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	Author	Trifonov, V. A.; Karasik, B. S.; Zorin, M. A.; Gol’tsman, G. N.; Gershenzon, E. M.; Lindgren, M.; Danerud, M.; Winkler, D.
	Title	9.6 μm wavelength mixing in a patterned YBa₂Cu₃O_7‐δ thin film			Type	Journal Article
	Year	1996	Publication	Appl. Phys. Lett.	Abbreviated Journal	Appl. Phys. Lett.
	Volume	68	Issue	10	Pages	1418-1420
	Keywords	YBCO HTS HEB mixers
	Abstract	Hot‐electron bolometric (HEB) mixing of 9.6 μm infrared radiation from two lasers in high‐quality YBa2Cu3O7−δ (YBCO) patterned thin film has been demonstrated. A heterodyne measurement showed an intermediate frequency (IF) bandwidth of 18 GHz, limited by our measurement system. An intrinsic limit of 100 GHz is predicted. Between 0.1 and 1 GHz intermediate frequency, temperature fluctuations with an equivalent output noise temperature Tfl up to ∼150 K, contributed to the mixer noise while Johnson noise dominated above 1 GHz. The overall conversion loss at 77 K at low intermediate frequencies was measured to be ∼25 dB, of which 13 dB was due to the coupling loss. The HEB mixer is very promising for use in heterodyne receivers within the whole infrared range.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0003-6951	ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	1613
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	Author	Trifonov, V. A.; Karasik, B. S.; Zorin, M. A.; Gol'tsman, G. N.; Gershenzon, E. M.; Lindgren, M.; Danerud, M.; Winkler, D.
	Title	9.6 μm wavelength mixing in a patterned YBa₂Cu₃O_7-δ thin film			Type	Conference Article
	Year	1996	Publication	Proc. 7^th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol.	Abbreviated Journal	Proc. 7^th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol.
	Volume		Issue		Pages	337-348
	Keywords	YBCO HTS HEB mixers
	Abstract	Hot-electron bolometric (HEB) mixing of 9.6 gm infrared radiation from two lasers in high-quality YBa2Cu307_3 (YBCO) patterned thin film has been demonstrated. A heterodyne measurement showed an intermediate frequency (IF) bandwidth of 18 GHz, limited by our measurement system. An intrinsic limit of 100 GHz is predicted. Between 0.1 and 1 GHz intermediate frequency, temperature fluctuations with an equivalent output noise temperature Tfl up to -150 K, contributed to the mixer noise while Johnson noise dominated above 1 GHz. The overall conversion loss at 77 K at low intermediate frequencies was measured to be -25 dB, of which 13 dB was due to the coupling loss. The IIEB mixer is very promising for use in heterodyne receivers within the whole infrared range.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	1615
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	Author	Zorin, M.; Gol'tsman, G.N.; Karasik, B.S.; Elantev, A.I.; Gershenzon, E.M.; Lindgren, M.; Danerud, M.; Winkler, D.
	Title	Optical mixing in thin YBa₂Cu₃O_7-x films			Type	Journal Article
	Year	1995	Publication	IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond.	Abbreviated Journal	IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond.
	Volume	5	Issue	2	Pages	2431-2434
	Keywords	YBCO HTS HEB mixers
	Abstract	High quality, j/sub c/ (77 K)>10/sup 6/ A/cm/sup 2/, epitaxial YBa₂Cu₃O_7-x films of 50 nm thickness were patterned into ten parallel 1 /spl mu/m wide strips. The film structure was coupled to a single-mode fiber. Mixer response was obtained at 0.78 /spl mu/m using laser frequency modulation and an optical delay line. Using two semiconductor lasers at 1.55 /spl mu/m wavelength the beating signal was used to measure the photoresponse up to 18 GHz. Nonequilibrium photoresponse in the resistive state of the superconductor was observed. Bolometric response dominates up to 3 GHz, after which the nonequilibrium response is constant up to the frequency limit of our registration system. Using an electron heating model the influence of different thermal processes on the conversion loss has been analyzed. Ways of increasing the sensitivity are also discussed.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1051-8223	ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	1619
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	Author	Lindgren, M.; Zorin, M. A.; Trifonov, V.; Danerud, M.; Winkler, D.; Karasik, B. S.; Gol'tsman, G. N.; Gershenzon, E. M.
	Title	Optical mixing in a patterned YBa₂Cu₃O_7-δ thin film			Type	Journal Article
	Year	1994	Publication	Appl. Phys. Lett.	Abbreviated Journal	Appl. Phys. Lett.
	Volume	65	Issue	26	Pages	3398-3400
	Keywords	YBCO HTS HEB mixer, bandwidth
	Abstract	Mixing of 1.56 µm infrared radiation from two lasers in a high quality YBa₂Cu₃O_7-Î´ thin film, patterned to parallel strips, was demonstrated. A mixer bandwidth of 18 GHz, limited by the measurement system, was obtained. A model based on nonequilibrium electron heating gives a good fit to the data and predicts an intrinsic mixer bandwidth in excess of 100 GHz, operating in the whole infrared spectrum. Reduction of bolometric effects and ways to decrease the conversion loss of the mixer is discussed. The minimum conversion loss is expected to be ~10 dB.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0003-6951	ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	251
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	Author	Karasik, B.S.; Lindgren, M.; Zorin, M.A.; Danerud, M.; Winkler, D.; Trifonov, V.V.; Gol’tsman, G.N.; Gershenzon, E.M.
	Title	Picosecond detection and broadband mixing of near-infrared radiation by YBaCuO films			Type	Conference Article
	Year	1994	Publication	Proc. SPIE	Abbreviated Journal	Proc. SPIE
	Volume	2159	Issue		Pages	68-76
	Keywords	YBCO HTS HEB mixer
	Abstract	Nonequilibrium picosecond and bolometric responses of YBCO films 500 angstroms thick patterned into 20 X 20 micrometers ² size structure to 17 ps laser pulses and modulated radiation of GaAs and CO₂ lasers have been studied. The modulation frequencies up to 10 GHz for GaAs laser and up to 1 GHz for CO₂ were attained. The use of small radiation power (1 – 10 mW/cm² for cw radiation and 10 – 100 nJ/cm² for pulse radiation) in combination with high sensitive read-out system made possible to avoid any non-linear transient processes caused by an overheating of sample above a critical temperature or S-N switching enhanced by an intense radiation. Responses due to the change of kinetic inductance were believed to be negligible. The only signals observed were caused by a small change of the film resistance either in the resistive state created by a bias current or in the normal state. The data obtained by means of pulse and modulation techniques are in agreement. The responsivity about 1 V/W was measured at 1 GHz modulation frequency both for 0.85 micrometers and 10.6 micrometers wavelengths. The sensitivity of high-T_c fast wideband infrared detector is discussed.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Spie	Place of Publication		Editor	Nahum, M.; Villegier, J.-C.
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference	High-Temperature Superconducting Detectors: Bolometric and Nonbolometric
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	1640
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	Author	Danerud, M.; Winkler, D.; Zorin, M.; Trifonov, V.; Karasik, B.; Gershenzon, E. M.; Gol'tsman, G. N.; Lindgren, M.
	Title	Picosecond detection of infrared radiation with YBa₂Cu₃O_7-δ thin films			Type	Conference Article
	Year	1993	Publication	Proc. SPIE	Abbreviated Journal	Proc. SPIE
	Volume	2104	Issue		Pages	183-184
	Keywords	YBCO HTS HEB detectors
	Abstract	Picosecond nonequilibrium and slow bolometric responses from a patterned high-Tc superconducting (HTS) film due toinfrared radiation were investigated using both modulation and pulse techniques. Measurements at A, = 0.85 [tm andA, = 10.6 lim have shown a similar behaviour of the response vs modulation frequency f. The responsivity of the HTS filmbased detector at f ..- 0.6-1 GHz is estimated to be 10-2 – 10-1 V/W.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Spie	Place of Publication		Editor	Birch, J.R.; Parker, T.J.
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference	18th International Conference on Infrared and Millimeter Waves
	Notes	https://inis.iaea.org/search/searchsinglerecord.aspx?recordsFor=SingleRecord&RN=25034664			Approved	no
	Call Number	10.1117/12.2298489			Serial	1653
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	Author	Semenov, A. D.; Goghidze, I. G.; Gol’tsman, G. N.; Sergeev, A. V.; Aksaev, E. E.; Gershenzon, E. M.
	Title	Non-equilibrium quasiparticle response to radiation and bolometric effect in YBaCuO films			Type	Journal Article
	Year	1993	Publication	IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond.	Abbreviated Journal	IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond.
	Volume	3	Issue	1	Pages	2132-2135
	Keywords	YBCO HTS HEB detectors
	Abstract	The voltage photoresponse of structured current biased YBCO films on different substrates to 20-ps laser pulses of 0.63- mu m and 1.54- mu m wavelengths and to continuously modulated radiation of 2-mm wavelength is measured to temperatures around T_c. Fast picosecond decay of the response to pulsed radiation is followed by slow exponential relaxation with a nanosecond characteristic time depending on the substrate material and film dimensions. The slow component does not depend on wavelength and is attributed to the bolometric effect, while the magnitude of the fast component associated with nonequilibrium response rises with wavelength. More than an order-of-magnitude increase of the nonequilibrium response is seen from near-infrared to millimeter-wave range. This dependence plausibly reflects the low efficiency of multiplication of photoexcited electrons in YBaCuO compared to conventional superconductors.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1558-2515	ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	1659
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	Author	Danerud, M.; Winkler, D.; Lindgren, M.; Zorin, M.; Trifonov, V.; Karasik, B. S.; Gol’tsman, G. N.; Gershenzon, E. M.
	Title	Nonequilibrium and bolometric photoresponse in patterned YBa₂Cu₃O_7−δ thin films			Type	Journal Article
	Year	1994	Publication	J. Appl. Phys.	Abbreviated Journal	J. Appl. Phys.
	Volume	76	Issue	3	Pages	1902-1909
	Keywords	YBCO HTS HEB detector, nonequilibrium response
	Abstract	Epitaxial laser deposited YBa2Cu3O7−δ films of ∼50 nm thickness were patterned into detectors consisting of ten parallel 1 μm wide strips in order to study nonequilibrium and bolometric effects. Typically, the patterned samples had critical temperatures around 86 K, transition widths around 2 K and critical current densities above 1×106A/cm2 at 77 K. Pulsed laser measurements at 0.8 μm wavelength (17 ps full width at half maximum) showed a ∼30 ps response, attributed to electron heating, followed by a slower bolometric decay. Amplitude modulation in the band fmod=100 kHz–10 GHz of a laser with wavelength λ=0.8 μm showed two different thermal relaxations in the photoresponse. Phonon escape from the film (∼3 ns) is the limiting process, followed by heat diffusion in the substrate. Similar relaxations were also seen for λ=10.6 μm. The photoresponse measurements were made with the film in the resistive state and extended into the normal state. These states were created by supercritical bias currents. Measurements between 75 and 95 K (i.e., from below to above Tc) showed that the photoresponse was proportional to dR/dT for fmod=1 MHz and 4 GHz. The fast response is limited by the electron‐phonon scattering time, estimated to 1.8 ps from experimental data. The responsivity both at 0.8 and 10.6 μm wavelength was ∼1.2 V/W at fmod=1 GHz and the noise equivalent power was calculated to 1.5×10−9 WHz−1/2 for the fast response.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0021-8979	ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	1637
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	Author	Zorin, M.; Lindgren, M.; Danerud, M.; Karasik, B.; Winkler, D.; Gol'tsman, G.; Gershenzon, E.
	Title	Nonequilibrium and bolometric responses of YBaCuO thin films to high-frequency modulated laser radiation			Type	Journal Article
	Year	1995	Publication	J. Supercond.	Abbreviated Journal	J. Supercond.
	Volume	8	Issue	1	Pages	11-15
	Keywords	YBCO HTS HEB
	Abstract	Picosecond nonequilibrium and slow bolometric responses to infrared radiation from a patterned high-T c superconducting (HTS) film in resistive and normal states deposited onto LaAlO3, NdGaO3, and MgO substrates were investigated using both pulse and modulation techniques. The response time of 35 ps to a laser pulse of 17 ps FWHM has been observed. The intrinsic response time of the fast process is expected to be about a few picoseconds. The modulation technique, being free from the disadvantages of pulse methods (poor sensitivity, limited dynamic range), makes the detailed study of a number of relaxation processes possible. Besides the nonequilibrium response, two kinds of bolometric processes, namely phonon transport through the film-substrate interface and phonon thermal diffusion in a substrate, manifest themselves in certain frequency dependences.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0896-1107	ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	1630
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	Author	Gershenzon, E. M.; Gol'tsman, G. N.; Zorin, M. A.; Karasik, B. S.; Trifonov, V. A.
	Title	Nonequilibrium and bolometric response of YBaCuO films in a resistive state to infrared low intensity radiation			Type	Conference Article
	Year	1994	Publication	Council on Low-temp. Phys.	Abbreviated Journal	Council on Low-temp. Phys.
	Volume		Issue		Pages	82-83
	Keywords	YBCO HTS HEB
	Abstract
	Address	Dubna
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language	Russian	Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference	Joint Inst. for Nuclear Research, Dubna (Russian Federation); 296 p; 1994; p. 82-83; 30. Conference on low-temperature physics; 30. Soveshchanie po fizike nizkikh temperatur; Dubna (Russian Federation); 6-8 Sep 1994
	Notes	Неравновесный и болометрический отклик YBaCuO пленок в резиотивном состоянии на инфракрасное лазерное излучение малой интенсивности			Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	1632
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	Author	Gershenzon, E. M.; Gershenzon, M. E.; Gol'tsman, G. N.; Karasik, B. S.; Semenov, A. D.; Sergeev, A. V.
	Title	Light-induced heating of electrons and the time of the inelastic electron-phonon scattering in the YBaCuO compound			Type	Journal Article
	Year	1987	Publication	JETP Lett.	Abbreviated Journal	JETP Lett.
	Volume	46	Issue	6	Pages	285-287
	Keywords	YBCO HTS HEB
	Abstract	For the first time, measurements have been made on the electron energy relaxation time due to the electron--phonon interaction in films of the YBaCuO superconductor. The results indicate a significant intensification of the electron--phonon interaction in this compound as compared with normal superconducting metals.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	1706
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	Author	Aksaev, E. E.; Gershenzon, E. M.; Gol'tsman, G. N.; Semenov, A. D.; Sergeev, A. V.
	Title	Interaction of electrons with thermal phonons in YBa₂Cu₃O_7-δ films at low temperatures			Type	Journal Article
	Year	1989	Publication	JETP Lett.	Abbreviated Journal	JETP Lett.
	Volume	50	Issue	5	Pages	283-286
	Keywords	YBCO HTS films
	Abstract	The time of electron-phonon interaction tau(eph) in YBaCuO films at low temperatures is studied. This is measured as the time of resistance relaxation in the resistive state of the superconducter, and is also determined from the increase in resistance under the action of radiation. Consistent results of these methods show that resistance relaxation in the resistive state is caused by cooling of the electron subsystem with respect to the phonon subsystem. The time tau(eph) is found to be inversely proportional to the temperature and comes to 80 ps when T = 1.6 K and 5 ps when T = 30 K. 6 refs.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	1690
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	Author	Semenov, A. D.; Goghidze, I. G.; Gol’tsman, G. N.; Sergeev, A. V.; Gershenzon, E. M.
	Title	Evidence for the spectral dependence of nonequilibrium picosecond photoresponse of YBaCuO thin films			Type	Journal Article
	Year	1993	Publication	Appl. Phys. Lett.	Abbreviated Journal	Appl. Phys. Lett.
	Volume	63	Issue	5	Pages	681-683
	Keywords	YBCO HTS detectors, nonequilibrium
	Abstract	The transient voltage photoresponse of current biased YBaCuO thin films to 20 ps laser pulses of 0.63 and 1.54 μm wavelengths is measured for temperatures around the superconducting transition region. The fast picosecond decay of the response is followed by a slow nanosecond relaxation which is associated with the bolometric effect. The magnitude of the fast component of the response varies in proportion to the square root of wavelength that plausibly reflects multiplication processes of photoexcited electrons via electron–electron scattering and interaction with high energy phonons.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0003-6951	ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	1655
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	Author	Nebosis, R. S.; Heusinger, M. A.; Schatz, W.; Renk, K. F.; Gol’tsman, G. N.; Karasik, B. S.; Semenov, A. D.; Gershenzon, E. M.
	Title	Ultrafast photoresponse of a structured YBa₂Cu₃O_7-δ thin film to ultrashort FIR laser pulses			Type	Journal Article
	Year	1993	Publication	IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond.	Abbreviated Journal	IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond.
	Volume	3	Issue	1	Pages	2160-2162
	Keywords	YBCO HTS detectors
	Abstract	The authors have investigated the photoinduced voltage response of a current-carrying structured YBa₂Cu₃O_7-δ thin film to ultrashort far-infrared (FIR) laser pulses in the frequency range from 0.7 THz to 7 THz. The detector has shown an almost constant sensitivity of 1 mV/W and a noise equivalent power of less than 5*10/sup -7/ W/ square root Hz. The temperature dependence of the decay time of the detector signal was studied for temperatures around the transition temperature of the film ( approximately 80 K). For a detector temperature where dR/dT had its maximum, the authors observed bolometric signals with decay times of about 2 ns, and for lower temperatures they observed nonbolometric signals with decay times of approximately 120 ps; the duration of the nonbolometric signals was limited by the time resolution of the electronic registration equipment.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	1658
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	Author	Nebosis, R. S.; Heusinger, M. A.; Semenov, A. D.; Lang, P. T.; Schatz, W.; Steinke, R.; Renk, K. F.; Gol'tsman, G. N.; Karasik, B. S.; Gershenzon, E. M.
	Title	Ultrafast photoresponse of an YBa₂Cu₃O_7-δ film to far-infrared radiation pulses			Type	Journal Article
	Year	1993	Publication	Opt. Lett.	Abbreviated Journal	Opt. Lett.
	Volume	18	Issue	2	Pages	96-97
	Keywords	YBCO HTS detectors
	Abstract	We report the observation of an ultrafast photoresponse of a high-T(c), film to far-infrared radiation pulses. The response of a sample, consisting of a current-carrying structured YBa(2)Cu(3)O(7-delta) film cooled to liquid-nitrogen temperature, was studied by use of ultrashort laser pulses from an optically pumped far-infrared laser in the frequency range from 0.7 to 7 THz. We found that the response time was limited by the time resolution, 120 ps, of our electronic registration equipment.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language	English	Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0146-9592	ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	PMID:19802049			Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	1660
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	Author	Semenov, A. D.; Sergeev, A. V.; Kouminov, P.; Goghidze, I. G.; Heusinger, M. A.; Nebosis, R. S.; Gol'tsman, G. N.; Gershenzon, E. M.; Renk, K. F.
	Title	Transparency of YBCO film/substrate interfaces for thermal phonons determined by photoresponse measurements			Type	Conference Article
	Year	1993	Publication	Proc. 1st European Conf. on Appl. Supercond.	Abbreviated Journal	Proc. 1st European Conf. on Appl. Supercond.
	Volume	2	Issue		Pages	1443-1446
	Keywords	YBCO HTS detectors
	Abstract	Direct measurements of the thermal boundary resistance were performed by means of the stationary method. In this approach the temperature of an electrically heated film is controlled by its dc resistance while an additional film on the same substrate is used as a thermometer monitoring substrate temperature. The temperature field in the substrate is then calculated to deduce the Kapitza temperature step at the interface between the heated strip and the substrate. The main statement of all afore-said papers is that experimental values of the thermal boundary resistance are too large to be explained by the acoustic mismatch model. In this paper we investigate transparency of YBaCuO film/substrate interfaces for thermal phonons by means of photoresponse measurements. We show that our data are in reasonable agreement with the acoustic mismatch theory.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor	Freyhardt, H. C.
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN	3-88355-197-X	Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference	1st European conference on applied superconductivity
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	1661
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	Author	Gol’tsman, G. N.; Semenov, A. D.; Sergeev, A. V.; Aksaev, E. E.; Gogidze, I. G.; Gershenzon, E. M.
	Title	Electron-phonon interaction in thin YBaCuO films and fast detectors			Type	Conference Article
	Year	1993	Publication	Phonon Scattering in Condensed Matter VII. Springer Series in Solid-State Sciences	Abbreviated Journal	Phonon Scattering in Condensed Matter VII. Springer Series in Solid-State Sciences
	Volume	112	Issue		Pages	184-185
	Keywords	YBCO HTS detectors
	Abstract	The thin. YBaCuO film response to laser and submillimeter radiation demonstrates the picosecond nonequilibrium peak on the nanosecond bolometric background. Experimental data give an evidence for the spectral dependence of picosecond photoresponse probably due to a poor efficiency of electron multiplication processes. Presented results prove an availability of fast YBaCuO thin film detector.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor	Meissner, M.; Pohl, R. O.
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference	Seventh International Conference, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, August 3-7, 1992
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	1662
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	Author	Heusinger, M. A.; Nebosis,R. S.; Schatz, W.; Renk, K. F.; Gol’tsman, G. N.; Karasik, B. S.; Semenov, A. D.; Gershenzon, E. M.
	Title	Temperature dependence of bolometric and non-bolometric photoresponse of a structured YBa₂Cu₃O_7-δ thin film			Type	Conference Article
	Year	1993	Publication	Phonon Scattering in Condensed Matter VII. Springer Series in Solid-State Sciences	Abbreviated Journal	Phonon Scattering in Condensed Matter VII. Springer Series in Solid-State Sciences
	Volume	112	Issue		Pages	193-195
	Keywords	YBCO HTS detectors
	Abstract	We investigated the temperature dependence of the transient voltage photoresponse of a current biased structured YBa2Cu3O7−δ thin film in its transition temperature region, around 79 K. Both, picosecond nonbolometric and nanosecond bolometric response to ultrashort far-infrared laser pulses were found for frequencies between 25 cm−1 and 215 cm−1. We will discuss optimum conditions for radiation detection and present an analysis of the dynamical behaviour of excited high T c thin films.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor	Meissner, M.; Pohl, R. O.
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference	Seventh International Conference, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, August 3-7, 1992
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	1663
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	Author	Nebosis, R. S.; Steinke, R.; Lang, P. T.; Schatz, W.; Heusinger, M. A.; Renk, K. F.; Gol’tsman, G. N.; Karasik, B. S.; Semenov, A. D.; Gershenzon, E. M.
	Title	Picosecond YBa₂Cu₃O_7−δdetector for far‐infrared radiation			Type	Journal Article
	Year	1992	Publication	J. Appl. Phys.	Abbreviated Journal	J. Appl. Phys.
	Volume	72	Issue	11	Pages	5496-5499
	Keywords	YBCO HTS detectors
	Abstract	We report on a picosecond YBa2Cu3O7−δ detector for far‐infrared radiation. The detector, consisting of a current carrying structure cooled to liquid‐nitrogen temperature, was studied by use of ultrashort laser pulses from an optically pumped far‐infrared laser in the frequency range from 25 to 215 cm−1. We found that the sensitivity (1 mV/W) was almost constant in this frequency range. We estimated a noise equivalent power of less than 5×10−7 W Hz−1/2. Taking into account the results of a mixing experiment (in the frequency range from 4 to 30 cm−1) we suggest that the response time of the detector was few picoseconds.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0021-8979	ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	1668
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	Author	Semenov, A. D.; Gol’tsman, G. N.; Gogidze, I. G.; Sergeev, A. V.; Gershenzon, E. M.; Lang, P. T.; Renk, K. F.
	Title	Subnanosecond photoresponse of a YBaCuO thin film to infrared and visible radiation by quasiparticle induced suppression of superconductivity			Type	Journal Article
	Year	1992	Publication	Appl. Phys. Lett.	Abbreviated Journal	Appl. Phys. Lett.
	Volume	60	Issue	7	Pages	903-905
	Keywords	YBCO HTS detectors
	Abstract	We observed subnanosecond photoresponse of a structured superconducting YBa2Cu3O7−δ thin film to infrared and visible radiation. We measured the voltage response of a current biased film (thickness 700 Å) in a resistive state to radiation pulses. From our results we conclude a response time of about 90 ps and a responsivity of about 4×1010 Ω/J. We attribute the response to Cooper pair breaking and suppression of the superconducting energy gap induced by nonequilibrium quasiparticles.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0003-6951	ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	1672
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	Author	Gershenzon, E. M.; Gol'tsman, G. N.; Gogidze, I. G.; Semenov, A. D.; Sergeev, A. V.
	Title	Processes of electron-phonon interaction in thin YBaCuO films			Type	Journal Article
	Year	1991	Publication	Phys. C: Supercond.	Abbreviated Journal	Phys. C: Supercond.
	Volume	185-189	Issue		Pages	1371-1372
	Keywords	YBCO HTS detectors
	Abstract	The ultrafast voltage response of YBaCuO films to laser radiation is studied and compared with previously investigated quasiparicles response to radiation of submillimeter wavelength range. Voltage shift under the visible light radiation has two components. Picosecond response realized as suppression superconductivity by nonequilibrium excess quasiparticles, response time is determined by quasiparticles recombination rate. Nanosecond response is probably due to bolometric effect.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0921-4534	ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	1676
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	Author	Gershenzon, E. M.; Gol’tsman, G. N.; Semenov, A. D.; Sergeev, A. V.
	Title	Mechanism of picosecond response of granular YBaCuO films to electromagnetic radiation			Type	Journal Article
	Year	1991	Publication	IEEE Trans. Magn.	Abbreviated Journal	IEEE Trans. Magn.
	Volume	27	Issue	2	Pages	1321-1324
	Keywords	YBCO HTS detectors
	Abstract	Ultrafast mechanisms of radiation detection in granular YBaCuO films are studied in the wide wavelength range from millimeter waves to near infrared. With an increase in radiation frequency, the Josephson detection at the grain-boundary weak links is replaced by electron heating into the grains. This change occurs in the submillimeter wavelength range. The electron-phonon relaxation time tau /sub eph/ is determined from direct measurements, quasi-stationary electron heating measurements, and the frequency dependence of the current at which maximum voltage shift is observed. The temperature dependence of tau /sub eph/ at T<or=40 K was found to be tau /sub eph/ approximately T/sup -1/. The results show that detectors with a response time of a few picoseconds at nitrogen temperature are attainable.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1941-0069	ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	1679
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	Author	Gershenzon, E. M.; Gogidze, I. G.; Goltsman, G. N.; Semenov, A. D.; Sergeev, A. V.
	Title	Picosecond response on optical-range emission in thin YBaCuO films			Type	Journal Article
	Year	1991	Publication	Pisma v Zhurnal Tekhnicheskoi Fiziki	Abbreviated Journal	Pisma v Zhurnal Tekhnicheskoi Fiziki
	Volume	17	Issue	22	Pages	6-10
	Keywords	YBCO HTS detectors
	Abstract	Целью настоящей работы является целенаправленный поиск пико-секундного отклика на оптическое излучение выяснение оптимальных условий его наблюдения, а также сравнение характеристик неравновесных эффектов в оптическом и субмиллиметровом диапазонах.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language	Russian	Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	1684
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	Author	Gershenzon, E. M.; Gol'tsman, G. N.; Semenov, A. D.; Sergeev, A. V.
	Title	Mechanism of picosecond response of granular YBaCuO films to electromagnetic radiation			Type	Journal Article
	Year	1990	Publication	Solid State Communications	Abbreviated Journal	Solid State Communications
	Volume	76	Issue	4	Pages	493-497
	Keywords	YBCO HTS detectors
	Abstract	The ultrafast mechanisms of radiation detection in granular YBaCuO films are studied in the wide wavelength range from millimeter to near infrared. With the rise of radiation frequency the Josephson detection at the grain boundary weak links is replaced by electron heating into the grains. This change occurs in the submillimeter wavelength range. Electron-phonon relaxation time τeph is determined by direct measurements and analyses quasistationary electron heating. Temperature dependence of τeph at T ≤ 40 K was found to be τeph ∼ T−1. The results show that detectors with the response time of few picoseconds at nitrogen temperature are attainable.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0038-1098	ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	1685
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	Author	Gershenzon, E. M.; Gol’tsman, G. N.; Sergeev, A.; Semenov, A. D.
	Title	Picosecond response of YBaCuO films to electromagnetic radiation			Type	Conference Article
	Year	1990	Publication	Proc. European Conf. High-Tc Thin Films and Single Crystals	Abbreviated Journal	Proc. European Conf. High-Tc Thin Films and Single Crystals
	Volume		Issue		Pages	457-462
	Keywords	YBCO HTS detectors
	Abstract	Radiation-induced change of the resistance was studied in the resistive state of YBaCuO films. Electron-phonon relaxation time T h was determmed from direct ep measurements and analysis of quasistationary electron heating. Temperature dependence of That TS 40 K was found to – ep be T h.. T'. The resul ts show that ep detectors with the response time of few picosecond at nitrogen temperature can be realized.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor	Gorzkowski, W.; Gutowski, M.; Reich, A.; Szymczak, H.
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference	European Conference , Ustroń, Poland , 30 Sept – 4 Oct 1989
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	1695
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	Author	Gershenzon, E. M.; Gol'tsman, G. N.; Karasik, B. S.; Semenov, A. D.
	Title	Measurement of the energy gap in the compound YBaCu₃O_9-δ on the basis of the IR absorption spectrum			Type	Journal Article
	Year	1987	Publication	JETP Lett.	Abbreviated Journal	JETP Lett.
	Volume	46	Issue	5	Pages	237-238
	Keywords	YBCO HTS detectors
	Abstract	For the first time the long-wave infrared absorption spectrum has been measured by means of the bolometric effect and energy gap for high-temperature superconducting ceramics YBa/sub 2/Cu/sub 3/O/sub 9-delta/ has been determined from absorption threshold. 2delta/kT/sub c/ value is equal to 0.6.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	1703
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	Author	Gol'tsman, G. N.; Goghidze, I. G.; Kouminov, P. B.; Karasik, B. S.; Semenov, A. D.; Gershenzon, E. M.
	Title	Influence of grain boundary weak links on the nonequilibrium response of YBaCuO thin films to short laser pulses			Type	Journal Article
	Year	1994	Publication	J. Supercond.	Abbreviated Journal	J. Supercond.
	Volume	7	Issue	4	Pages	751-755
	Keywords	YBCO HTS detector, nonequilibrium response
	Abstract	The transient voltage response in both epitaxial and granular YBaCuO thin films to 80 ps pulses of YAG∶Nd laser radiation of wavelength 0.63 and 1.54 μm was studied. In the normal and resistive states both types of films demonstrate two components: a nonequilibrium picosecond component and a bolometric nanosecond one. The normalized amplitudes are almost the same for all films. In the superconducting state we observed a kinetic inductive response and two-component shape after integration. The normalized amplitude of the response in granular films is up to five orders of magnitude larger than in epitaxial films. We interpret the nonequilibrium response in terms of a suppression of the order parameter by the excess of quasiparticles followed by the change of resistance in the normal and resistive states or kinetic inductance in the superconducting state. The sharp rise of inductive response in granular films is explained both by a diminishing of the cross section for current percolation through the disordered network of Josephson weak links and by a decrease of condensate density in neighboring regions.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0896-1107	ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	1636
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	Author	Danerud, M.; Winkler, D.; Lindgren, M.; Zorin, M.; Trifonov, V.; Karasik, B.; Gershenzon, E. M.; Gol'tsman, G. N.
	Title	A fast infrared detector based on patterned YBCO thin film			Type	Journal Article
	Year	1994	Publication	Supercond. Sci. Technol.	Abbreviated Journal	Supercond. Sci. Technol.
	Volume	7	Issue	5	Pages	321-323
	Keywords	YBCO HTS detector
	Abstract	Detectors for infrared radiation ( lambda =0.85 mu m) were made of 50 nm thick YBa2Cu3O7- delta films on LaAlO3 and MgO or 60 nm thick films on NdGaO3. Parallel strips (1 mu m wide by 20 mu m long) were patterned in the films and formed the active device. These devices were designed to detect short infrared laser pulses by electron heating. The detectors were current biased into the resistive and the normal states. The response was studied in direct pulse measurements as well as by amplitude modulation of a laser. The pulse measurements showed a fast picosecond response followed by a slower decay related to phonon escape through the film-substrate interface and heat diffusion in the substrate. The frequency spectra up to 10 GHz showed two slopes with a knee corresponding to the phonon escape time.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0953-2048	ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	1646
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	Author	Смирнов, А. В.; Карманцов, М. С.; Смирнов, К. В.; Вахтомин, Ю. Б.; Мастеров, Д. В.; Тархов, М. А.; Павлов, С. А.; Парафин, А. Е.
	Title	Терагерцовый отклик болометров на основе тонких пленок YBCO			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2012	Publication	ЖТФ	Abbreviated Journal	ЖТФ
	Volume	82	Issue	12	Pages	108-111
	Keywords	YBCO HEB NEP
	Abstract	Представлены первые результаты измерения болометрического отклика высокотемпературных сверхпроводниковых детекторов на основе тонких пленок YBCO на электромагнитное излучение с частотой 2.5 THz. Минимальное значение оптической мощности, эквивалентной шуму созданных детекторов, составило 3.5· 10-9 W/sqrt(Hz)sqrt. Обсуждена возможность дальнейшего увеличения чувствительности исследуемых детекторов.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language	Russian	Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	1825
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	Author	Smirnov, A. V.; Karmantsov, M. S.; Smirnov, K. V.; Vakhtomin, Y. B.; Masterov, D. V.; Tarkhov, M. A.; Pavlov, S. A.; Parafin, A. E.
	Title	Terahertz response of thin-film YBCO bolometers			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2012	Publication	Tech. Phys.	Abbreviated Journal	Tech. Phys.
	Volume	57	Issue	12	Pages	1716-1719
	Keywords	YBCO HEB
	Abstract	The bolometric response of high-temperature thin-film YBCO superconducting detectors to an electromagnetic radiation with a frequency of 2.5 THz is measured for the first time. The minimum value of the noise-equivalent power of the detectors is 3.5 × 10−9 W/Hz−−−√. The feasibility of further increasing the sensitivity of the detectors is discussed.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1063-7842	ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	1817
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	Author	Sergeev, A.; Semenov, A.; Trifonov, V.; Karasik, B.; Gol'tsman, G.; Gershenzon, E.
	Title	Heat transfer in YBaCuO thin film/sapphire substrate system			Type	Journal Article
	Year	1994	Publication	J. Supercond.	Abbreviated Journal	J. Supercond.
	Volume	7	Issue	2	Pages	341-344
	Keywords	YBCO films
	Abstract	The thermal boundary resistance at the YBaCuO thin film/Al2O3 substrate interface was investigated. The transparency for thermal phonons incident on the interface as well as for phonons moving from the substrate was determined. We have measured a transient voltage response of current-biased films to continuously modulated radiation. The observed knee in the modulation frequency dependence of the response reflects the crossover from the diffusion regime to the contact resistance regime of the heat transfer across the interface. The values of transparency were independently deduced both from the phonon escape time and from the time of phonon return to the film which were identified with peculiarities in the frequency dependence. The results are much more consistent with the acoustic mismatch theory than the diffuse mismatch model.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0896-1107	ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	1647
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	Author	Sergeev, A. V.; Semenov, A. D.; Kouminov, P.; Trifonov, V.; Goghidze, I. G.; Karasik, B. S.; Gol’tsman, G. N.; Gershenzon, E. M.
	Title	Transparency of a YBa2Cu3O7-film/substrate interface for thermal phonons measured by means of voltage response to radiation			Type	Journal Article
	Year	1994	Publication	Phys. Rev. B Condens. Matter.	Abbreviated Journal	Phys. Rev. B Condens. Matter.
	Volume	49	Issue	13	Pages	9091-9096
	Keywords	YBCO films
	Abstract	The transparency of a film/substrate interface for thermal phonons was investigated for YBa2Cu3O7 thin films deposited on MgO, Al2O3, LaAlO3, NdGaO3, and ZrO2 substrates. Both voltage response to pulsed-visible and to continuously modulated far-infrared radiation show two regimes of heat escape from the film to the substrate. That one dominated by the thermal boundary resistance at the film/substrate interface provides an initial exponential decay of the response. The other one prevailing at longer times or smaller modulation frequencies causes much slower decay and is governed by phonon diffusion in the substrate. The transparency of the boundary for phonons incident from the film on the substrate and also from the substrate on the film was determined separately from the characteristic time of the exponential decay and from the time at which one regime was changed to the other. Taking into account the specific heat of optical phonons and the temperature dependence of the group velocity of acoustic phonons, we show that the body of experimental data agrees with acoustic mismatch theory rather than with the model that assumes strong diffusive scattering of phonons at the interface.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0163-1829	ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	PMID:10009690			Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	1648
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	Author	Sergeev, A. V.; Aksaev, E. E.; Gogidze, I. G.; Gol’tsman, G. N.; Semenov, A. D.; Gershenzon, E. M.
	Title	Thermal boundary resistance at YBaCuO film-substrate interface			Type	Conference Article
	Year	1993	Publication	Phonon Scattering in Condensed Matter VII. Springer Series in Solid-State Sciences	Abbreviated Journal	Phonon Scattering in Condensed Matter VII. Springer Series in Solid-State Sciences
	Volume	112	Issue		Pages	405-406
	Keywords	YBCO films
	Abstract	The nanosecond voltage response of YBaCuo films on Al2O3, MgO and ZrO2 substrates to electromagnetic radiation of millimeter and visible ranges has been investigated. The analysis of experimental conditions for Al2O3 and MgO substrates shows that the resistance change is monitored by the Kapitza boundary shift of temperature during the temporal interval ~ 100 ns limited by the time of phonon return from a substrate into a film. The observed exponential voltage decay is described by the phonon escape time which is proportional to the film thickness and is weakly temperature dependent.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor	Meissner, M.; Pohl, R. O.
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference	Seventh International Conference, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, August 3-7, 1992
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	1665
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	Author	Goltsman, G.
	Title	Quantum-photonic integrated circuits			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2019	Publication	Proc. IWQO	Abbreviated Journal	Proc. IWQO
	Volume		Issue		Pages	22-23
	Keywords	WSSPD, waveguide SSPD, SNSPD, quantum optics, integrated optics, superconducting nanowire single-photon detector
	Abstract	We show the design, a history of development as well as the most successful and promising approaches for QPICs realization based on hybrid nanophotonic-superconducting devices, where one of the key elements of such a circuit is a waveguide integrated superconducting single-photon detector (WSSPD). The potential of integration with fluorescent molecules is discussed also.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	1287
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	Author	Antipov, A. V.; Seleznev, V. A.; Vakhtomin, Y. B.; Morozov, P. V.; Vasilev, D. D.; Malevannaya, E. I.; Moiseev, K. M.; Smirnov, K.
	Title	Investigation of WSi and NbN superconducting single-photon detectors in mid-IR range			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2020	Publication	IOP Conf. Ser.: Mater. Sci. Eng.	Abbreviated Journal	IOP Conf. Ser.: Mater. Sci. Eng.
	Volume	781	Issue		Pages	012011 (1 to 5)
	Keywords	WSi, NbN SSPD, SNSPD
	Abstract	Spectral characteristics of WSi and NbN superconducting single-photon detectors with different surface resistance and width of nanowire strips have been investigated in the wavelength range of 1.3-2.5 μm. WSi structures with narrower strips demonstrated better performance for detection of single photons in longer wavelength range. The difference in normalized photon count rate for such structures reaches one order of magnitude higher in comparison with structures based on NbN thin films at 2.5 μm.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1757-899X	ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	1799
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	Author	Seleznev, V. A.; Divochiy, A. V.; Vakhtomin, Y. B.; Morozov, P. V.; Zolotov, P. I.; Vasil'ev, D. D.; Moiseev, K. M.; Malevannaya, E. I.; Smirnov, K. V.
	Title	Superconducting detector of IR single-photons based on thin WSi films			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2016	Publication	J. Phys.: Conf. Ser.	Abbreviated Journal	J. Phys.: Conf. Ser.
	Volume	737	Issue		Pages	012032
	Keywords	WSi SSPD, SNSPD, NEP
	Abstract	We have developed the deposition technology of WSi thin films 4 to 9 nm thick with high temperature values of superconducting transition (Tc~4 K). Based on deposed films there were produced nanostructures with indicative planar sizes ~100 nm, and the research revealed that even on nanoscale the films possess of high critical temperature values of the superconducting transition (Tc~3.3-3.7 K) which certifies high quality and homogeneity of the films created. The first experiments on creating superconducting single-photon detectors showed that the detectors' SDE (system detection efficiency) with increasing bias current (I b) reaches a constant value of ~30% (for X=1.55 micron) defined by infrared radiation absorption by the superconducting structure. To enhance radiation absorption by the superconductor there were created detectors with cavity structures which demonstrated a practically constant value of quantum efficiency >65% for bias currents Ib>0.6-Ic. The minimal dark counts level (DC) made 1 s-1 limited with background noise. Hence WSi is the most promising material for creating single-photon detectors with record SDE/DC ratio and noise equivalent power (NEP).
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1742-6588	ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	1235
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	Author	Florya, I. N.; Korneeva, Y. P.; Mikhailov, M. Y.; Devizenko, A. Y.; Korneev, A. A.; Goltsman, G. N.
	Title	Photon counting statistics of superconducting single-photon detectors made of a three-layer WSi film			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2018	Publication	Low Temp. Phys.	Abbreviated Journal	Low Temp. Phys.
	Volume	44	Issue	3	Pages	221-225
	Keywords	WSi SSPD, SNSPD
	Abstract	Superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors (SNSPD) are used in quantum optics when record-breaking time resolution, high speed, and exceptionally low levels of dark counts (false readings) are required. Their detection efficiency is limited, however, by the absorption coefficient of the ultrathin superconducting film for the detected radiation. One possible way of increasing the detector absorption without limiting its broadband response is to make a detector in the form of several vertically stacked layers and connect them in parallel. For the first time we have studied single-photon detection in a multilayer structure consisting of three superconducting layers of amorphous tungsten silicide (WSi) separated by thin layers of amorphous silicon. Two operating modes of the detector are illustrated: an avalanche regime and an arm-trigger regime. A shift in these modes occurs at currents of ∼0.5–0.6 times the critical current of the detector. This work was supported by technical task No. 88 for scientific research at the National Research University “Higher School of Economics,” Grant No. 14.V25.31.0007 from the Ministry of Education and Science of Russia, and the work of G. N. Goltsman was supported by task No. 3.7328.2017/VU of the Ministry of Education and Science of Russia.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1063-777X	ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	1310
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	Author	Vasilev, D. D.; Malevannaya, E. I.; Moiseev, K. M.; Zolotov, P. I.; Antipov, A. V.; Vakhtomin, Y. B.; Smirnov, K. V.
	Title	Influence of deposited material energy on superconducting properties of the WSi films			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2020	Publication	IOP Conf. Ser.: Mater. Sci. Eng.	Abbreviated Journal	IOP Conf. Ser.: Mater. Sci. Eng.
	Volume	781	Issue		Pages	012013 (1 to 6)
	Keywords	WSi SSPD, SNSPD
	Abstract	WSi thin films have the advantages for creating SNSPDs with a large active area or array of detectors on a single substrate due to the amorphous structure. The superconducting properties of ultrathin WSi films substantially depends on their structure and thickness as the NbN films. Scientific groups investigating WSi films mainly focused only on changes of their thickness and the ratio of the components on the substrate at room temperature. This paper presents experiments to determine the effect of the bias potential on the substrate, the temperature of the substrate, and the peak power of pulsed magnetron sputtering, which is the equivalent of ionization, a tungsten target, on the surface resistance and superconducting properties of the WSi ultrathin films. The negative effect of the substrate temperature and the positive effect of the bias potential and the ionization coefficient (peak current) allow one to choose the best WSi films formation mode for SNSPD: substrate temperature 297 K, bias potential -60 V, and peak current 3.5 A.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1757-899X	ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	1798
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	Author	Sidorova, M. V.; Kozorezov, A. G.; Semenov, A. V.; Korneeva, Y. P.; Mikhailov, M. Y.; Devizenko, A. Y.; Korneev, A. A.; Chulkova, G. M.; Goltsman, G. N.
	Title	Nonbolometric bottleneck in electron-phonon relaxation in ultrathin WSi films			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2018	Publication	Phys. Rev. B	Abbreviated Journal	Phys. Rev. B
	Volume	97	Issue	18	Pages	184512 (1 to 13)
	Keywords	WSi films, diffusion constant, SSPD, SNSPD
	Abstract	We developed the model of the internal phonon bottleneck to describe the energy exchange between the acoustically soft ultrathin metal film and acoustically rigid substrate. Discriminating phonons in the film into two groups, escaping and nonescaping, we show that electrons and nonescaping phonons may form a unified subsystem, which is cooled down only due to interactions with escaping phonons, either due to direct phonon conversion or indirect sequential interaction with an electronic system. Using an amplitude-modulated absorption of the sub-THz radiation technique, we studied electron-phonon relaxation in ultrathin disordered films of tungsten silicide. We found an experimental proof of the internal phonon bottleneck. The experiment and simulation based on the proposed model agree well, resulting in τe−ph∼140–190 ps at TC=3.4K, supporting the results of earlier measurements by independent techniques.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2469-9950	ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	1305
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	Author	Sidorova, M. V.; Kozorezov, A. G.; Semenov, A. V.; Korneev, A. A.; Chulkova, G. M.; Korneeva, Y. P.; Mikhailov, M. Y.; Devizenko, A. Y.; Goltsman, G. N.
	Title	Non-bolometric bottleneck in electron-phonon relaxation in ultra-thin WSi film			Type	Miscellaneous
	Year	2018	Publication	arXiv	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume		Issue		Pages
	Keywords	WSi films, diffusion constant, SSPD, SNSPD
	Abstract	We developed the model of the internal phonon bottleneck to describe the energy exchange between the acoustically soft ultrathin metal film and acoustically rigid substrate. Discriminating phonons in the film into two groups, escaping and nonescaping, we show that electrons and nonescaping phonons may form a unified subsystem, which is cooled down only due to interactions with escaping phonons, either due to direct phonon conversion or indirect sequential interaction with an electronic system. Using an amplitude-modulated absorption of the sub-THz radiation technique, we studied electron-phonon relaxation in ultrathin disordered films of tungsten silicide. We found an experimental proof of the internal phonon bottleneck. The experiment and simulation based on the proposed model agree well, resulting in tau{e-ph} = 140-190 ps at TC = 3.4 K, supporting the results of earlier measurements by independent techniques.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	Duplicated as 1305			Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	1341
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	Author	Sidorova, M.; Semenov, A.; Korneev, A.; Chulkova, G.; Korneeva, Y.; Mikhailov, M.; Devizenko, A.; Kozorezov, A.; Goltsman, G.
	Title	Electron-phonon relaxation time in ultrathin tungsten silicon film			Type	Miscellaneous
	Year	2018	Publication	arXiv	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume		Issue		Pages
	Keywords	WSi film
	Abstract	Using amplitude-modulated absorption of sub-THz radiation (AMAR) method, we studied electron-phonon relaxation in thin disordered films of tungsten silicide. We found a response time ~ 800 ps at critical temperature Tc = 3.4 K, which scales as minus 3 in the temperature range from 1.8 to 3.4 K. We discuss mechanisms, which can result in a strong phonon bottle-neck effect in a few nanometers thick film and yield a substantial difference between the measured time, characterizing response at modulation frequency, and the inelastic electron-phonon relaxation time. We estimate the electron-phonon relaxation time to be in the range ~ 100-200 ps at 3.4 K.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	Duplicated as 1341			Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	1340
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	Author	Банная, В. Ф.; Веселова, Л. И.; Гершензон, Е. М.
	Title	Особенности температурной зависимости холловской подвижности в легированных и некомпенсированных полупроводниках			Type	Journal Article
	Year	1989	Publication	Физика и техника полупроводников	Abbreviated Journal	Физика и техника полупроводников
	Volume	23	Issue	2	Pages	338-345
	Keywords	weakly compensated Si, Ge, doped, Hall mobility
	Abstract	На примере легированного и слабо компенсированного Si⟨B⟩ проведены исследования особенностей температурной зависимости подвижности при различных механизмах рассеяния. Уточнен метод определения концентрации компенсирующей примеси по μI(T). Полученные результаты обсуждаются и для Ge.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	1758
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	Author	Kovalyuk, V.; Ferrari, S.; Kahl, O.; Semenov, A.; Shcherbatenko, M.; Lobanov, Y.; Ozhegov, R.; Korneev, A.; Kaurova, N.; Voronov, B.; Pernice, W.; Gol'tsman, G.
	Title	On-chip coherent detection with quantum limited sensitivity			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2017	Publication	Sci Rep	Abbreviated Journal	Sci Rep
	Volume	7	Issue	1	Pages	4812
	Keywords	waveguide, SSPD, SNSPD
	Abstract	While single photon detectors provide superior intensity sensitivity, spectral resolution is usually lost after the detection event. Yet for applications in low signal infrared spectroscopy recovering information about the photon's frequency contributions is essential. Here we use highly efficient waveguide integrated superconducting single-photon detectors for on-chip coherent detection. In a single nanophotonic device, we demonstrate both single-photon counting with up to 86% on-chip detection efficiency, as well as heterodyne coherent detection with spectral resolution f/f exceeding 10(11). By mixing a local oscillator with the single photon signal field, we observe frequency modulation at the intermediate frequency with ultra-low local oscillator power in the femto-Watt range. By optimizing the nanowire geometry and the working parameters of the detection scheme, we reach quantum-limited sensitivity. Our approach enables to realize matrix integrated heterodyne nanophotonic devices in the C-band wavelength range, for classical and quantum optics applications where single-photon counting as well as high spectral resolution are required simultaneously.
	Address	National Research University Higher School of Economics, Moscow, 101000, Russia. ggoltsman@hse.ru
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2045-2322	ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	PMID:28684752; PMCID:PMC5500578			Approved	no
	Call Number	RPLAB @ kovalyuk @			Serial	1129
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	Author	Kovalyuk, V.; Ferrari, S.; Kahl, O.; Semenov, A.; Lobanov, Yu; Shcherbatenko, M.; Korneev, A; Pernice, W.; Goltsman, G.
	Title	Waveguide integrated superconducting single-photon detector for on-chip quantum and spectral photonic application			Type	Conference Volume
	Year	2017	Publication	Proc. SPBOPEN	Abbreviated Journal	Proc. SPBOPEN
	Volume		Issue		Pages	421-422
	Keywords	waveguide, SSPD, SNSPD
	Abstract	By adopting a travelling-wave geometry approach, integrated superconductor- nanophotonic devices were fabricated. The architecture consists of a superconducting NbN- nanowire atop of a silicon nitride (Si 3 N 4 ) nanophotonic waveguide. NbN-nanowire was operated as a single-photon counting detector, with up to 92% on-chip detection efficiency (OCDE), in the coherent mode, serving as a highly sensitive IR heterodyne mixer with spectral resolution (f/df) greater than 10^6 in C-band at 1550 nm wavelength.
	Address	St. Petersburg, Russia
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	Duplicated as 1140			Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	1256
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	Author	Goltsman, G.; Naumov, A. V.; Gladush, M. G.; Karimullin, K. R.
	Title	Quantum photonic integrated circuits with waveguide integrated superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2018	Publication	EPJ Web Conf.	Abbreviated Journal	EPJ Web Conf.
	Volume	190	Issue		Pages	02004 (1 to 2)
	Keywords	waveguide SSPD, SNSPD
	Abstract	We show the design, a history of development as well as the most successful and promising approaches for QPICs realization based on hybrid nanophotonic-superconducting devices, where one of the key elements of such a circuit is a waveguide integrated superconducting single-photon detector (WSSPD). The potential of integration with fluorescent molecules is discussed also.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2100-014X	ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	1320
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	Author	Goltsman, Gregory
	Title	Superconducting thin film nanostructures as terahertz and infrared heterodyne and direct detectors			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2017	Publication	16th ISEC	Abbreviated Journal	16th ISEC
	Volume		Issue		Pages	Th-I-QTE-03 (1 to 3)
	Keywords	waveguide SSPD, SNSPD
	Abstract	We present our recent achievements in the development of superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors (SNSPDs) integrated with optical waveguides on a chip. We demonstrate both single-photon counting with up to 90% on-chipquantum-efficiency (OCDE), and the heterodyne mixing with a close to the quantum limit sensitivity at the telecommunication wavelength using single device.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference	IEEE/CSC & ESAS Superconductivity News Forum
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	1745
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	Author	Pernice, W. H. P.; Schuck, C.; Minaeva, O.; Li, M.; Goltsman, G. N.; Sergienko, A. V.; Tang, H. X.
	Title	High-speed and high-efficiency travelling wave single-photon detectors embedded in nanophotonic circuits			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2012	Publication	Nat. Commun.	Abbreviated Journal	Nat. Commun.
	Volume	3	Issue		Pages	1325 (1 to 10)
	Keywords	waveguide SSPD
	Abstract	Ultrafast, high-efficiency single-photon detectors are among the most sought-after elements in modern quantum optics and quantum communication. However, imperfect modal matching and finite photon absorption rates have usually limited their maximum attainable detection efficiency. Here we demonstrate superconducting nanowire detectors atop nanophotonic waveguides, which enable a drastic increase of the absorption length for incoming photons. This allows us to achieve high on-chip single-photon detection efficiency up to 91% at telecom wavelengths, repeatable across several fabricated chips. We also observe remarkably low dark count rates without significant compromise of the on-chip detection efficiency. The detectors are fully embedded in scalable silicon photonic circuits and provide ultrashort timing jitter of 18 ps. Exploiting this high temporal resolution, we demonstrate ballistic photon transport in silicon ring resonators. Our direct implementation of a high-performance single-photon detector on chip overcomes a major barrier in integrated quantum photonics.
	Address	Department of Electrical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, USA
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2041-1723	ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	PMID:23271658; PMCID:PMC3535416			Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	1375
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	Author	Ryabchun, Sergey; Tong, Cheuk-yu Edward; Blundell, Raymond; Kimberk, Robert; Gol’tsman, Gregory
	Title	Stabilisation of a terahertz hot-electron bolometer mixer with microwave feedback control			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2007	Publication	Proc. 18^th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol.	Abbreviated Journal	Proc. 18^th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol.
	Volume		Issue		Pages	193-198
	Keywords	waveguide NbN HEB mixers, Allan variance, stability
	Abstract	We report on implementation of microwave feedback control loop to stabilise the performance of an HEB mixer receiver. It is shown that the receiver sensitivity increases by a factor of 4 over a 16-minute scan, and the corresponding Allan time increases up to 10 seconds, as opposed to an open loop value of 1 second. Our experiments also demonstrate that the receiver sensitivity is limited by the intermediate frequency chain.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	1421
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	Author	Kawamura, J.; Blundell, R.; Tong, C-Y. E.; Gol'tsman, G.; Gershenzon, E.; Voronov, B.; Cherednichenko, S.
	Title	Phonon-cooled NbN HEB mixers for submillimeter wavelengths			Type	Conference Article
	Year	1997	Publication	Proc. 8^th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol.	Abbreviated Journal	Proc. 8^th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol.
	Volume		Issue		Pages	23-28
	Keywords	waveguide NbN HEB mixers
	Abstract	The noise performance of receivers incorporating NbN phonon-cooled superconducting hot electron bolometric mixers is measured from 200 GHz to 900 GHz. The mixer elements are thin-film (thickness — 4 nm) NbN with —5 to 40 pm area fabricated on crystalline quartz sub- strates. The receiver noise temperature from 200 GHz to 900 GHz demonstrates no unexpected degradation with increasing frequency, being roughly TRx ,; 1-2 K The best receiver noise temperatures are 410 K (DSB) at 430 GHz, 483 K at 636 GHz, and 1150 K at 800 GHz.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	275
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	Author	Meledin, D.; Tong, C. Y.-E.; Blundell, R.; Kaurova, N.; Smirnov, K.; Voronov, B.; Gol'tsman, G.
	Title	The sensitivity and IF bandwidth of waveguide NbN hot electron bolometer mixers on MgO buffer layers over crystalline quartz			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2002	Publication	Proc. 13^th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol.	Abbreviated Journal	Proc. 13^th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol.
	Volume		Issue		Pages	65-72
	Keywords	waveguide NbN HEB mixers
	Abstract	We have developed and characterized waveguide phonon-cooled NbN Hot Electron Bolometer (FMB) mixers fabricated from a 3-4 nm thick NbN film deposited on a 200nm thick MgO buffer layer over crystalline quartz. Double side band receiver noise temperatures of 900-1050 K at 1.035 THz, and 1300-1400 K at 1.26 THz have been measured at an intermediate frequency of 1.5 GHz. The intermediate frequency bandwidth, measured at 0.8 THz LO frequency, is 3.2 GHz at the optimal bias point for low noise receiver operation.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication	Cambridge, MA, USA	Editor	Harvard university
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	326
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	Author	Tong, C.-Y. E.; Meledin, D.; Loudkov, D.; Blundell, R.; Erickson, N.; Kawamura, J.; Mehdi, I.; Gol’tsman, G.
	Title	A 1.5 THz Hot-Electron Bolometer mixer operated by a planar diode based local oscillator			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2003	Publication	IEEE MTT-S Int. Microwave Symp. Digest	Abbreviated Journal	IEEE MTT-S Int. Microwave Symp. Digest
	Volume	2	Issue		Pages	751-754
	Keywords	waveguide NbN HEB mixers
	Abstract	We have developed a 1.5 THz superconducting NbN Hot-Electron Bolometer mixer. It is operated by an all-solid-state Local Oscillator comprising of a cascade of 4 planar doublers following an MMIC based W-band power amplifier. The threshold available pump power is estimated to be 1 /spl mu/W.
	Address	Philadelphia, PA, USA
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	1516
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	Author	Lobanov, Y.; Tong, E.; Blundell, R.; Hedden, A.; Voronov, B.; Gol'tsman, G.
	Title	Large-signal frequency response of an HEB mixer: from 300 MHz to terahertz			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2011	Publication	IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond.	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	21	Issue	3	Pages	628-631
	Keywords	waveguide NbN HEB mixers
	Abstract	We present a study of the large signal frequency response of an HEB mixer over a wide frequency range. In our experiments, we have subjected the HEB mixer to incident electromagnetic radiation from 0.3 GHz to 1 THz. The mixer element is an NbN film deposited on crystalline quartz. The mixer chip is mounted in a waveguide cavity, coupled to free space with a diagonal horn. At microwave frequencies, electromagnetic radiation is applied through the coaxial bias port of the mixer block. At higher frequencies the input signal passes via the diagonal horn feed. At each frequency, the incident power is varied and a family of I-V curves is recorded. From the curves we identify 3 distinct regimes of operation of the mixer separated by the phonon relaxation frequency and the superconducting energy gap frequency observed at about 3 GHz and 660 GHz respectively. In this paper, we will present observed curves and discuss the results of our experiment.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	RPLAB @ gujma @			Serial	719
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	Author	Lobanov, Y.V.; Tong, C.-Y.E.; Hedden, A.S.; Blundell, R.; Voronov, B.M.; Gol'tsman, G.N.
	Title	Direct measurement of the gain and noise bandwidths of HEB mixers			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2011	Publication	IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond.	Abbreviated Journal	IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond.
	Volume	21	Issue	3	Pages	645-648
	Keywords	waveguide NbN HEB mixers
	Abstract	The intermediate frequency (IF) bandwidth of a hot electron bolometer (HEB) mixer is an important parameter of the mixer, in that it helps to determine its suitability for a given application. With the availability of wideband low noise amplifiers, it is simple to measure the performance of an HEB mixer over a wide range of IF at a fixed LO frequency using the standard Y-factor method. This in-situ method allows us to measure both the gain and noise bandwidths simultaneously. We have also measured mixer output impedance with a vector network analyser. Intrinsic time constant has been extracted from the impedance data and compared to the mixer's bandwidths determined from receiver Y-factor measurement.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	RPLAB @ gujma @			Serial	720
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	Author	Tong, C. Edward; Trifonov, Andrey; Blundell, Raymond; Shurakov, Alexander; Gol’tsman, Gregory
	Title	A digital terahertz power meter based on an NbN thin film			Type	Abstract
	Year	2014	Publication	Proc. 25^th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol.	Abbreviated Journal	Proc. 25^th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol.
	Volume		Issue		Pages	170
	Keywords	waveguide NbN HEB mixers
	Abstract	We have further studied the effect of subjecting a superconducting Hot Electron Bolometer (HEB) element made from an NbN thin film to microwave radiation. Since the photon energy is weak, the microwave radiation does not simply heat the film, but generates a bi-static state, switching between the superconducting and normal states, upon the application of a small voltage bias. Indeed, a relaxation oscillation of a few MHz has previously been reported in this regime [1]. Switching between the superconducting and normal states modulates the reflected microwave pump power from the device. A simple homodyne setup readily recovers the spontaneous switching waveform in the time domain. The switching frequency is a function of both the bias voltage (DC heating) and the applied microwave power. In this work, we use a 0.8 THz HEB waveguide mixer for the purpose of demonstration. The applied microwave pump, coupled through a directional coupler, is at 1 GHz. Since the pump power is of the order of a few μW, a room temperature amplifier is sufficient to amplify the reflected pump power from the HEB mixer, which beats with the microwave source in a homodyne set-up. After further amplification, the switching waveform is passed onto a frequency counter. The typical frequency of the switching pulses is 3-5 MHz. It is found that the digital frequency count increases with higher microwave pump power. When the HEB mixer is subjected to additional optical power at 0.8 THz, the frequency count also increases. When we vary the incident optical power by using a wire grid attenuator, a linear relationship is observed between the frequency count and the applied optical power, over at least an order of magnitude of power. This phenomenon can be exploited to develop a digital power meter, using a very simple electronics setup. Further experiments are under way to determine the range of linearity and the accuracy of calibration transfer from the microwave to the THz regime. References 1. Y. Zhuang, and S. Yngvesson, “Detection and interpretation of bistatic effects in NbN HEB devices,” Proc. 13 th Int. Symp. Space THz Tech., 2002, pp. 463–472.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	1366
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	Author	Loudkov, D.; Tong, C.-Y. E.; Blundell, R.; Kaurova, N.; Grishina, E.; Voronov, B.; Gol’tsman, G.
	Title	An investigation of the performance of the superconducting HEB mixer as a function of its RF embedding impedance			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2005	Publication	IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond.	Abbreviated Journal	IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond.
	Volume	15	Issue	2	Pages	472-475
	Keywords	waveguide NbN HEB mixers
	Abstract	We have conducted an investigation of the optimal embedding impedance for a waveguide superconducting hot-electron bolometric (HEB) mixer. Three mixer chip designs for 800 GHz, offering nominal embedding resistances of 70 /spl Omega/, 35 /spl Omega/, and 15 /spl Omega/, have been developed. We used both High Frequency Structure Simulator (HFSS) software and scale model impedance measurements in the design process. We subsequently fabricated HEB mixers to these designs using 3-4 nm thick NbN thin film. Receiver noise temperature measurements and Fourier Transform Spectrometer (FTS) scans were performed to determine the optimal combination of embedding impedance and normal-state resistance for a 50 Ohm IF load impedance. A receiver noise temperature of 440 K was measured at a local oscillator frequency 850 GHz for a mixer with normal state resistance of 62 /spl Omega/ incorporated into a circuit offering a nominal embedding impedance of 70 /spl Omega/. We conclude from our data that, for low noise operation, the normal state resistance of the HEB mixer element should be close to the embedding impedance of the mixer mount.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	1439677			Serial	1464
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	Author	Loudkov, D.; Tong, C.-Y.E.; Blundell, R.; Kaurova, N.; Grishina, E.; Voronov, B.; Gol’tsman, G.
	Title	An investigation of the performance of the waveguide superconducting HEB mixer at different RF embedding impedances			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2005	Publication	Proc. 16^th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol.	Abbreviated Journal	Proc. 16^th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol.
	Volume		Issue		Pages	226-229
	Keywords	waveguide NbN HEB mixers
	Abstract	We have conducted an investigation of the performance of superconducting hot-electron bolometric (HEB) mixer at 800 GHz as a function of the embedding impedance of the waveguide embedding circuit. Using a single half-height mixer block, we have developed three different mixer chip configurations, offering nominal embedding resistances of 70, 35, and 15 Ohms. Both the High Frequency Structure Simulator (HFSS) software and scaled model impedance measurements were employed in the design process. Two batches of HEB mixers were fabricated to these designs using 3-4 nm thick NbN thin film. The mixers were characterized through receiver noise temperature measurements and Fourier Transform Spectrometer (FTS) scans. Briefly, a minimum receiver noise temperature of 440 K was measured at a local oscillator frequency 850 GHz for a mixer of normal state resistance 62 Ohms incorporated into a circuit offering a nominal embedding impedance of 70 Ohms. We conclude from our data that, for low noise operation, the normal state resistance of the HEB mixer element should be close to that of the embedding impedance of the mixer mount.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	1472
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	Author	Tong, C.-Y. Edward; Meledin, Denis; Blundell, Raymond; Erickson, Neal; Kawamura, Jonathan; Mehdi, Imran; Gol'tsman, Gregory
	Title	A 1.5 THz hot-electron bolometer mixer operated by a planar diode-based local oscillator			Type	Abstract
	Year	2003	Publication	Proc. 14^th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol.	Abbreviated Journal	Proc. 14^th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol.
	Volume		Issue		Pages	286
	Keywords	waveguide NbN HEB mixers
	Abstract	We describe a 1.5 THz heterodyne receiver based on a superconductin g hot-electron bolometer mixer, which is pumped by an all-solid-state local oscillator chain. The bolometer is fabricated from a 3.5 nm-thick niobium nitride film deposited on a quartz substrate with a 200 nm-thick magnesium oxide buffer layer. The bolometer measures 0.15 fun in width and 1.5 1..tm in length. The chip consisting of the bolometer and mixer circuitry is incorporated in a fixed-tuned waveguide mixer block with a corru g ated feed horn. The local oscillator unit comprises of a cascade of four planar doublers followin g a MMIC-based W-band power amplifier. The local oscillator is coupled to the mixer using a Martin-Puplett interferometer. The local oscillator output power needed for optimal receiver performance is approximately 1 to 2 11W, and the chain is able to provide this power at a number of frequency points between 1.45 and 1.56 THz. By terminating the rf input with room temperature and 77 K loads, a Y-factor of 1.11 (DSB) has been measured at a local oscillator frequency of 1.476 THz at 3 GHz intermediate frequency.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	1501
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	Author	Meledin, D.; Tong, C.-Y. E.; Blundell, R.; Goltsman, G.
	Title	Measurement of intermediate frequency bandwidth of hot electron bolometer mixers at terahertz frequency range			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2003	Publication	IEEE Microw. Wireless Compon. Lett.	Abbreviated Journal	IEEE Microw. Wireless Compon. Lett.
	Volume	13	Issue	11	Pages	493-495
	Keywords	waveguide NbN HEB mixers
	Abstract	We have developed a new experimental setup for measuring the IF bandwidth of superconducting hot electron bolometer mixers. In our measurement system we use a chopped hot filament as a broadband signal source, and can perform a high-speed IF scan with no loss of accuracy when compared to coherent methods. Using this technique we have measured the 3 dB IF bandwidth of hot electron bolometer mixers, designed for THz frequency operation, and made from 3-4 nm thick NbN film deposited on an MgO buffer layer over crystalline quartz.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1531-1309	ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	1509
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	Author	Tong, C. E.; Blundell, R.; Papa, D. C.; Smith, M.; Kawamura, J.; Gol'tsman, G.; Gershenzon, E.; Voronov, B.
	Title	An all solid-state superconducting heterodyne receiver at terahertz frequencies			Type	Journal Article
	Year	1999	Publication	IEEE Microw. Guid. Wave Lett.	Abbreviated Journal	IEEE Microw. Guid. Wave Lett.
	Volume	9	Issue	9	Pages	366-368
	Keywords	waveguide NbN HEB mixers
	Abstract	A superconducting hot-electron bolometer mixer-receiver operating from 1 to 1.26 THz has been developed. This heterodyne receiver employs two solid-state local oscillators each consisting of a Gunn oscillator followed by two stages of varactor frequency multiplication. The measured receiver noise temperature is 1350 K at 1.035 THz and 2700 K at 1.26 THz. This receiver demonstrates that tunable solid-state local oscillators, supplying only a few micro-watts of output power, can be used in terahertz receiver applications.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1051-8207	ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	1565
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	Author	0kunev, 0.; Dzardanov, A.; Ekstrom, H.; Jacobsson, S.; Kollberg, E.; Gol'tsman, G.; Gershenzon, E.
	Title	NbN hot electron waveguide mixer for 100 GHz operation			Type	Conference Article
	Year	1994	Publication	Proc. 5^th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol.	Abbreviated Journal	Proc. 5^th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol.
	Volume		Issue		Pages	214-224
	Keywords	waveguide NbN HEB mixers
	Abstract	NbN is a promising superconducting material used to develope hot- electron superconducting mixers with an IF bandwidth over 1 GHz. In the 100 GHz frequency range, the following parameters were obtained for NbN films 50 A thick: the noise temperature of the receiver (DSB) 1000 K; the conversion losses 10 d13, the IF bandwidth 1 GHz; the local oscillator power 1 /LW. An increase of NbN film thickness up to 80-100 A and increase of working temperature up to 7-8 K, and a better mixer matching may allow to broader the IF band up to 3 Gllz, to reduce the conversion losses down to 3-5 dB and the noise tempera- ture down to 200-300 K.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	1644
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	Author	Shurakov, Alexander; Tong, Cheuk-yu E.; Blundell, Raymond; Gol’tsman, Gregory
	Title	A microwave pumped HEB direct detector using a homodyne readout scheme			Type	Abstract
	Year	2014	Publication	Proc. 25^th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol.	Abbreviated Journal	Proc. 25^th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol.
	Volume		Issue		Pages	129
	Keywords	waveguide NbN HEB detector, NEP
	Abstract	We report the results of our study on the noise performance of a fast THz detector based on the repurpose of hot electron bolometer mixer (HEB). Instead of operating with an elevated bath temperature, microwave power is injected into the HEB device, which enhances the sensitivity of the detector and at the same time provide a mechanism for reading out impedance changes of the device induced by the modulated incident THz radiation [1]. We have demonstrated an improvement of the detector’s optical noise equivalent power (NEP). Furthermore, by introducing a homodyne readout scheme based on a room temperature microwave mixer, the dynamic range of the detector is increased. The HEB devices used in this work were made of 4 nm thick NbN film. The detector chips were installed into a waveguide mixer block fitted with a corrugated horn, mounted on the cold plate of a liquid helium cryostat. The HEBs were operated at a bath temperature of 4.2 K. The signal beam was terminated on black bodies at ambient and liquid nitrogen temperatures. A chopper wheel placed in front of the cryostat window operating at a frequency of 1.48 kHz modulated the input load temperature of the detector. A cold mesh filter, centered at 830 GHz, was used to define the input signal power bandwidth. Microwave was injected through a broadband directional coupler inside the cryostat. Our experiments were mostly conducted at a pump frequency of 1.5 GHz. The reflected microwave power from the HEB device was fed into a cryogenic low noise amplifier (LNA). The output of the LNA was connected to the RF input port of a room temperature microwave mixer, which beat the reflected signal from the HEB using a copy of the original 1.5 GHz injection signal in a homodyne demodulation scheme. The amplitude of the detected power was measured by a lock-in amplifier, which was synchronized to the chopper frequency. Preliminary results yield an optical NEP of ~1 pW/ Hz 1/2 which corresponds to an improvement of a factor of 3 compared to [1], driven mainly by a lowering of the system noise floor. The dynamic range was also increased by similar amount. References 1. A. Shurakov et al. “A Microwave Pumped Hot Electron Bolometric Direct Detector,” submitted on Oct 18, 2013 to Appl. Phys. Let.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
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	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	1365
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	Author	Kahl, O.; Ferrari, S.; Kovalyuk, V.; Vetter, A.; Lewes-Malandrakis, G.; Nebel, C.; Korneev, A.; Goltsman, G.; Pernice, W.
	Title	Spectrally multiplexed single-photon detection with hybrid superconducting nanophotonic circuits			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2017	Publication	Optica	Abbreviated Journal	Optica
	Volume	4	Issue	5	Pages	557-562
	Keywords	Waveguide integrated superconducting single-photon detectors; Nanophotonics and photonic crystals; Quantum detectors; Spectrometers and spectroscopic instrumentation
	Abstract	The detection of individual photons by superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors is an inherently binary mechanism, revealing either their absence or presence while concealing their spectral information. For multicolor imaging techniques, such as single-photon spectroscopy, fluorescence resonance energy transfer microscopy, and fluorescence correlation spectroscopy, wavelength discrimination is essential and mandates spectral separation prior to detection. Here, we adopt an approach borrowed from quantum photonic integration to realize a compact and scalable waveguide-integrated single-photon spectrometer capable of parallel detection on multiple wavelength channels, with temporal resolution below 50 ps and dark count rates below 10 Hz at 80% of the devices' critical current. We demonstrate multidetector devices for telecommunication and visible wavelengths, and showcase their performance by imaging silicon vacancy color centers in diamond nanoclusters. The fully integrated hybrid superconducting nanophotonic circuits enable simultaneous spectroscopy and lifetime mapping for correlative imaging and provide the ingredients for quantum wavelength-division multiplexing on a chip.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	RPLAB @ kovalyuk @			Serial	1119
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	Author	Kahl, O.; Ferrari, S.; Kovalyuk, V.; Vetter, A.; Lewes-Malandrakis, G.; Nebel, C.; Korneev, A.; Goltsman, G.; Pernice, W.
	Title	Spectrally resolved single-photon imaging with hybrid superconducting – nanophotonic circuits			Type	Miscellaneous
	Year	2016	Publication	arXiv	Abbreviated Journal	arXiv
	Volume		Issue		Pages	1-20
	Keywords	waiveguide SSPD, SNSPD, imaging
	Abstract	The detection of individual photons is an inherently binary mechanism, revealing either their absence or presence while concealing their spectral information. For multi-color imaging techniques, such as single photon spectroscopy, fluorescence resonance energy transfer microscopy and fluorescence correlation spectroscopy, wavelength discrimination is essential and mandates spectral separation prior to detection. Here, we adopt an approach borrowed from quantum photonic integration to realize a compact and scalable waveguide-integrated single-photon spectrometer capable of parallel detection on multiple wavelength channels, with temporal resolution below 50 ps and dark count rates below 10 Hz. We demonstrate multi-detector devices for telecommunication and visible wavelengths and showcase their performance by imaging silicon vacancy color centers in diamond nanoclusters. The fully integrated hybrid superconducting-nanophotonic circuits enable simultaneous spectroscopy and lifetime mapping for correlative imaging and provide the ingredients for quantum wavelength division multiplexing on a chip.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	1334
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	Author	Золотов, Ф. И.; Дивочий, А. В.; Вахтомин, Ю. Б.; Пентин, И. В.; Морозов, П. В.; Селезнев, В. А.; Смирнов, К. В.
	Title	Применение тонких сверхпроводниковых пленок нитрида ванадия для изготовления счетчиков одиночных ИК-фотонов			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2018	Publication	Сборн. науч. труд. VII международн. конф. по фотонике и информац. опт.	Abbreviated Journal	Сборн. науч. труд. VII международн. конф. по фотонике и информац. опт.
	Volume		Issue		Pages	60-61
	Keywords	VN SSPD, SNSPD
	Abstract	Получены первые результаты по применению сверхпроводниковых пленок нитрида ванадия (VN) для детекторов одиночных фотонов ИК-диапазона. Изучение сверхпроводниковых однофотонных детекторов (SSPD), изготовленных на основе ультратонких (~5 нм) пленок VN, показало возможность создания устройств с близкой к насыщению зависимостью квантовой эффективности от тока смещения детекторов в телекоммуникационном диапазоне длин волн. Также нами были исследованы кинетическая индуктивность изготовленных структур с различной длиной сверхпроводниковой полоски и времена релаксации электронов в тонких сверхпроводниковых пленках VN.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN	978-5-7262-2445-9	Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	УДК 535(06)+004(06)			Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	1252
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	Author	Pentin, I.; Vakhtomin, Y.; Seleznev, V.; Smirnov, K.
	Title	Hot electron energy relaxation time in vanadium nitride superconducting film structures under THz and IR radiation			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2020	Publication	Sci. Rep.	Abbreviated Journal	Sci. Rep.
	Volume	10	Issue	1	Pages	16819
	Keywords	VN HEB
	Abstract	The paper presents the experimental results of studying the dynamics of electron energy relaxation in structures made of thin (d approximately 6 nm) disordered superconducting vanadium nitride (VN) films converted to a resistive state by high-frequency radiation and transport current. Under conditions of quasi-equilibrium superconductivity and temperature range close to critical (~ Tc), a direct measurement of the energy relaxation time of electrons by the beats method arising from two monochromatic sources with close frequencies radiation in sub-THz region (omega approximately 0.140 THz) and sources in the IR region (omega approximately 193 THz) was conducted. The measured time of energy relaxation of electrons in the studied VN structures upon heating of THz and IR radiation completely coincided and amounted to (2.6-2.7) ns. The studied response of VN structures to IR (omega approximately 193 THz) picosecond laser pulses also allowed us to estimate the energy relaxation time in VN structures, which was ~ 2.8 ns and is in good agreement with the result obtained by the mixing method. Also, we present the experimentally measured volt-watt responsivity (S~) within the frequency range omega approximately (0.3-6) THz VN HEB detector. The estimated values of noise equivalent power (NEP) for VN HEB and its minimum energy level (deltaE) reached NEP@1MHz approximately 6.3 x 10(-14) W/ radicalHz and deltaE approximately 8.1 x 10(-18) J, respectively.
	Address	National Research University Higher School of Economics, 20 Myasnitskaya Str., Moscow, 101000, Russia
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2045-2322	ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	PMID:33033360; PMCID:PMC7546726			Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	1797
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	Author	Romanov, N. R.; Zolotov, P. I.; Smirnov, K. V.
	Title	Development of disordered ultra-thin superconducting vanadium nitride films			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2019	Publication	Proc. 8th Int. Conf. Photonics and Information Optics	Abbreviated Journal	Proc. 8th Int. Conf. Photonics and Information Optics
	Volume		Issue		Pages	425-426
	Keywords	VN films
	Abstract	We present the results of development and research of superconducting vanadium nitride VN films ~10 nm thick having different level of disorder. It is showed that both silicon substrate temperature T sub in process of magnetron sputtering and total gas pressure P affect superconducting transition temperature of sputtered films and R 300 /R 20 ratio defining their level of disorder. VN films suitable for development of superconducting single-photon detectors on their basis are obtained.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language	Russian	Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN	978-5-7262-2536-4	Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	http://fioconf.mephi.ru/files/2018/12/FIO2019-Sbornik.pdf			Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	1802
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	Author	Золотов, Ф. И.; Смирнов, К. В.
	Title	Особенности осаждения разупорядоченных сверхтонких плёнок нитрида ванадия			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2019	Publication	Межвузовская научно-техническая конференция студентов, аспирантов и молодых специалистов им. Е. В. Арменского	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume		Issue		Pages	204-205
	Keywords	VN films
	Abstract	В работе изучены особенности роста сверхтонких плёнок нитрида ванадия толщиной ~10 нм. Обнаружено, что при изменении температуры подложки и общего давления газов в процессе осаждения плёнок меняется значение их поверхностного сопротивления вблизи перехода к сверхпроводящему состоянию.
	Address	Москва
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	МИЭМ НИУ ВШЭ	Place of Publication		Editor
	Language	Russian	Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	1805
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	Author	Райтович, А. А.; Пентин, И. В.; Золотов, Ф. И.; Селезнев, В. А.; Вахтомин, Ю. Б.; Смирнов, К. В.
	Title	Время энергетической релаксации электронов в сверхпроводниковых VN наноструктурах			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2018	Publication	Сборник трудов 13 Всероссийской конференции молодых ученых	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume		Issue		Pages	236-238
	Keywords	VN films
	Abstract
	Address	Саратовский филиал ИРЭ им. В.А. Котельникова РАН
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Техно-Декор	Place of Publication		Editor
	Language	Russian	Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference	Наноэлектроника, нанофотоника и нелинейная физика
	Notes	http://nnnph.ru/data/documents/Sborni-trudov-NNNF-2018.pdf			Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	1807
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	Author	Гершензон, Е. М.; Семенов, И. Т.; Фогельсон, М. С.
	Title	Спин-решеточная релаксация доноров фосфора в кремнии при одноосной деформации образца			Type	Journal Article
	Year	1985	Publication	Физика и техника полупроводников	Abbreviated Journal	Физика и техника полупроводников
	Volume	19	Issue	9	Pages	1696-1698
	Keywords	uniaxial pressure, Ge, phosphorus donors, spin-lattice relaxation
	Abstract
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	1760
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	Author	Mel’nikov, A. P.; Gurvich, Y. A.; Shestakov, L. N.; Gershenzon, E. M.
	Title	Magnetic field effects on the nonohmic impurity conduction of uncompensated crystalline silicon			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2001	Publication	Jetp Lett.	Abbreviated Journal	Jetp Lett.
	Volume	73	Issue	1	Pages	44-47
	Keywords	uncompensated crystalline silicon, nonohmic impurity conduction, magnetic field
	Abstract	The impurity conduction of a series of crystalline silicon samples with the concentration of major impurity N ≈ 3 × 1016 cm−3 and with a varied, but very small, compensation K was measured as a function of the electric field E in various magnetic fields H-σ(H, E). It was found that, at K < 10−3 and in moderate E, where these samples are characterized by a negative nonohmicity (dσ(0, E)/dE < 0), the ratio σ(H, E)/σ(0, E) > 1 (negative magnetoresistance). With increasing E, these inequalities are simultaneously reversed (positive nonohmicity and positive magnetoresistance). It is suggested that both negative and positive nonohmicities are due to electron transitions in electric fields from impurity ground states to states in the Mott-Hubbard gap.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0021-3640	ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	1752
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	Author	Bell, M.; Sergeev, A.; Mitin, V.; Bird, J.; Verevkin, A.; Gol’tsman, G.
	Title	One-dimensional resistive states in quasi-two-dimensional superconductors: Experiment and theory			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2007	Publication	Phys. Rev. B	Abbreviated Journal	Phys. Rev. B
	Volume	76	Issue	9	Pages	094521 (1 to 5)
	Keywords	uasi-two-dimensional superconductors, NbN
	Abstract	We investigate competition between one- and two-dimensional topological excitations—phase slips and vortices—in the formation of resistive states in quasi-two-dimensional superconductors in a wide temperature range below the mean-field transition temperature TC0. The widths w=100nm of our ultrathin NbN samples are substantially larger than the Ginzburg-Landau coherence length ξ=4nm, and the fluctuation resistivity above TC0 has a two-dimensional character. However, our data show that the resistivity below TC0 is produced by one-dimensional excitations—thermally activated phase slip strips (PSSs) overlapping the sample cross section. We also determine the scaling phase diagram, which shows that even in wider samples the PSS contribution dominates over vortices in a substantial region of current and/or temperature variations. Measuring the resistivity within 7 orders of magnitude, we find that the quantum phase slips can only be essential below this level.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1098-0121	ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	1423
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	Author	Finkel, M.; Thierschmann, H.; Galatro, L.; Katan, A. J.; Thoen, D. J.; de Visser, P. J.; Spirito, M.; Klapwijk, T. M.
	Title	Performance of THz components based on microstrip PECVD SiN_x technology			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2017	Publication	IEEE Trans. THz Sci. Technol.	Abbreviated Journal	IEEE Trans. THz Sci. Technol.
	Volume	7	Issue	6	Pages	765-771
	Keywords	transmission line measurements, power transmission lines, dielectrics, couplers, submillimeter wave circuits, coplanar waveguides, micromechanical devices
	Abstract	We present a performance analysis of passive THz components based on Microstrip transmission lines with a 2-μmthin plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition grown silicon nitride (PECVD SiNX) dielectric layer. A set of thru-reflect-line calibration structures is used for basic transmission line characterizations. We obtain losses of 9 dB/mm at 300 GHz. Branchline hybrid couplers are realized that exhibit 2.5-dB insertion loss, 1-dB amplitude imbalance, and -26-dB isolation, in agreement with simulations. We use the measured center frequency to determine the dielectric constant of the PECVD SiN x , which yields 5.9. We estimate the wafer-to-wafer variations to be of the order of 1%. Directional couplers are presented which exhibit -12-dB transmission to the coupled port and -26 dB to the isolated port. For transmission lines with 5-μm-thin silicon nitride (SiN x ), we observe losses below 4 dB/mm. The thin SiN x dielectric membrane makes the THz components compatible with scanning probe microscopy cantilevers allowing the application of this technology in on-chip circuits of a THz near-field microscope.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2156-342X	ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	1294
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	Author	Tovpeko, N. A.; Trifonov, A. V.; Semenov, A. V.; Antipov, S. V.; Kaurova, N. S.; Titova, N. A.; Goltsman, G. N.
	Title	Bandwidth performance of a THz normal metal TiN bolometer-mixer			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2019	Publication	Proc. 30^th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol.	Abbreviated Journal	Proc. 30^th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol.
	Volume		Issue		Pages	102-103
	Keywords	TiN normal metal bolometer, NMB
	Abstract	We report on the bandwidth performance of the normal metal TiN bolometer-mixer on top of an Al 2 O 3 substrate, which is capable to operate in a wide range of bath temperatures from 77 K – 300 K. The choice of the combination TiN / Al 2 O 3 is related to an advanced heat transport between the film and the substrate in this pair and the sufficient temperature coefficient of resistance. The data were taken at 132.5 – 145.5 GHz with two BWOs as a signal and an LO source. Measurements were taken on TiN films of different thickness starting from 20 nm down to 5 nm coupled into a spiral Au antenna, which improves matching of incoming radiation with the thin TiN fim. Our experiments demonstrate effective heat coupling from a TiN thin film to an Al 2 O 3 substrate (111) boosting gain bandwidth (GB) of TiN bolometer up to 6 GHz for 5 nm thin film. Current results indicate weak temperature dependence of GB on the bath temperature of the TiN bolometer. Theoretical estimations of GB performance meet with experimental data for 5 nm thin TiN films.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	1279
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	Author	Kardakova, A. I.; Coumou, P. C. J. J.; Finkel, M. I.; Morozov, D. V.; An, P. P.; Goltsman, G. N.; Klapwijk, T. M.
	Title	Electron–phonon energy relaxation time in thin strongly disordered titanium nitride films			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2015	Publication	IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond.	Abbreviated Journal	IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond.
	Volume	25	Issue	3	Pages	1-4
	Keywords	TiN MKID
	Abstract	We have measured the energy relaxation times from the electron bath to the phonon bath in strongly disordered TiN films grown by atomic layer deposition. The measured values of τ eph vary from 12 to 91 ns. Over a temperature range from 3.4 to 1.7 K, they follow T -3 temperature dependence, which are consistent with values of τ eph reported previously for sputtered TiN films. For the most disordered film, with an effective elastic mean free path of 0.35 nm, we find a faster relaxation and a stronger temperature dependence, which may be an additional indication of the influence of strong disorder on a superconductor.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1051-8223	ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	1296
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	Author	Кардакова, А. И.; Финкель, М. И.; Морозов, Д. В.; Ковалюк, В. В.; Ан, П. П.; Гольцман, Г. Н.
	Title	Время электрон-фононного взаимодействия в сверхпроводниковых пленках нитрида титана			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2014	Publication	Труды XVIII международного симпозиума «Нанофизика и наноэлектроника»	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	1	Issue		Pages	47-48
	Keywords	TiN films
	Abstract	Определены времена электрон-фононного взаимодействия в тонких сверхпроводниковых пленках нитрида титана. Измеренные значения τ_eph находятся в диапазоне от 5.5 нс до 88 нс при температурах 4,2 К и 1,7 К, соответственно, и соответствуют температурной зависимости Т^-3.
	Address	Нижний Новгород, Россия
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language	Russian	Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
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	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	1835
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	Author	Gol'tsman, Gregory; Semenov, Alexei; Smirnov, Konstantin; Voronov, Boris
	Title	Background limited quantum superconducting detector for submillimeter wavelengths			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2001	Publication	Proc. 12^th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol.	Abbreviated Journal	Proc. 12^th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol.
	Volume		Issue		Pages	469-475
	Keywords	Ti SQD, SQUID readout
	Abstract
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	1540
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	Author	Nikoghosyan, A. S.; Martirosyan, R. M.; Hakhoumian, A. A.; Makaryan, A. H.; Tadevosyan, V. R.; Goltsman, G. N.; Antipov, S. V.
	Title	Effect of absorption on the efficiency of THz radiation generation in a nonlinear crystal placed into a waveguide			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2018	Publication	Armenian J. Phys.	Abbreviated Journal	Armenian J. Phys.
	Volume	11	Issue	4	Pages	257-262
	Keywords	THz, waveguide, nonlinear crystal
	Abstract	The effect of THz radiation absorption on the efficiency of generation of coherent THz radiation in a nonlinear optical crystal placed into a metal rectangular waveguide is studied. The efficiency of the nonlinear conversion of optical laser radiation to the THz band is also a function of the phase-matching (PM) condition inside the nonlinear crystal. The method of partial filling of a metal waveguide with a nonlinear optical crystal is used to ensure phase matching. Phase matching was obtained by the proper choice of the thickness of the nonlinear crystal, namely the degree of partial filling of the waveguide. We have studied the THz radiation attenuation caused by the losses in both the metal walls of the waveguide and in the crystal, taking into account the dimension of the cross section of the waveguide, the degree of partial filling and its dielectric constant.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1829-1171	ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	1291
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	Author	Bandurin, D. A.; Svintsov, D.; Gayduchenko, I.; Xu, S. G.; Principi, A.; Moskotin, M.; Tretyakov, I.; Yagodkin, D.; Zhukov, S.; Taniguchi, T.; Watanabe, K.; Grigorieva, I. V.; Polini, M.; Goltsman, G. N.; Geim, A. K.; Fedorov, G.
	Title	Resonant terahertz detection using graphene plasmons			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2018	Publication	Nat. Commun.	Abbreviated Journal	Nat. Commun.
	Volume	9	Issue		Pages	5392 (1 to 8)
	Keywords	THz, graphene plasmons
	Abstract	Plasmons, collective oscillations of electron systems, can efficiently couple light and electric current, and thus can be used to create sub-wavelength photodetectors, radiation mixers, and on-chip spectrometers. Despite considerable effort, it has proven challenging to implement plasmonic devices operating at terahertz frequencies. The material capable to meet this challenge is graphene as it supports long-lived electrically tunable plasmons. Here we demonstrate plasmon-assisted resonant detection of terahertz radiation by antenna-coupled graphene transistors that act as both plasmonic Fabry-Perot cavities and rectifying elements. By varying the plasmon velocity using gate voltage, we tune our detectors between multiple resonant modes and exploit this functionality to measure plasmon wavelength and lifetime in bilayer graphene as well as to probe collective modes in its moire minibands. Our devices offer a convenient tool for further plasmonic research that is often exceedingly difficult under non-ambient conditions (e.g. cryogenic temperatures) and promise a viable route for various photonic applications.
	Address	Physics Department, Moscow State University of Education (MSPU), Moscow, Russian Federation, 119435. fedorov.ge@mipt.ru
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2041-1723	ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	1148
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	Author	Gorokhov, G.; Bychanok, D.; Gayduchenko, I.; Rogov, Y.; Zhukova, E.; Zhukov, S.; Kadyrov, L.; Fedorov, G.; Ivanov, E.; Kotsilkova, R.; Macutkevic, J.; Kuzhir, P.
	Title	THz spectroscopy as a versatile tool for filler distribution diagnostics in polymer nanocomposites			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2020	Publication	Polymers (Basel)	Abbreviated Journal	Polymers (Basel)
	Volume	12	Issue	12	Pages	3037 (1 to 14)
	Keywords	THz spectroscopy; nanocomposites, percolation threshold, time-domain spectroscopy, time-domain spectrometer, TDS
	Abstract	Polymer composites containing nanocarbon fillers are under intensive investigation worldwide due to their remarkable electromagnetic properties distinguished not only by components as such, but the distribution and interaction of the fillers inside the polymer matrix. The theory herein reveals that a particular effect connected with the homogeneity of a composite manifests itself in the terahertz range. Transmission time-domain terahertz spectroscopy was applied to the investigation of nanocomposites obtained by co-extrusion of PLA polymer with additions of graphene nanoplatelets and multi-walled carbon nanotubes. The THz peak of permittivity's imaginary part predicted by the applied model was experimentally shown for GNP-containing composites both below and above the percolation threshold. The physical nature of the peak was explained by the impact on filler particles excluded from the percolation network due to the peculiarities of filler distribution. Terahertz spectroscopy as a versatile instrument of filler distribution diagnostics is discussed.
	Address	Institute of Photonics, University of Eastern Finland, Yliopistokatu 7, FI-80101 Joensuu, Finland
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language	English	Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2073-4360	ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	PMID:33353036; PMCID:PMC7767186			Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	1780
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	Author	Neroev, V. V.; Iomdina, E. N.; Khandzhyan, A. T.; Khodzhabekyan, N. V.; Sengaeva, M. D.; Ivanova, A. V.; Seliverstov, S. V.; Teplyakova, K. O.; Goltsman, G. N.
	Title	Experimental study of the effect of corneal hydration and its biomechanical properties on the results of photorefractive keratectomy			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2021	Publication	Vestn. Oftalmol.	Abbreviated Journal	Vestn. Oftalmol.
	Volume	137	Issue	3	Pages	68-75
	Keywords	THz scanning, cornea, photorefractive keratectomy, medicine
	Abstract	Water content in the cornea may affect the outcome of its excimer laser ablation, especially in presbyopic patients with myopic refraction. This hypothesis can be tested by scanning the cornea in the terahertz (THz) range to determine its hydration level. Purpose: To study the effect of hydration of the cornea determined by non-contact THz scanning and its biomechanical parameters on the results of photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) in an experiment. Material and methods: PRK was performed using the Nidek EC-5000 QUEST excimer laser on 8 rabbit eyes. Corneal hydration was evaluated by determining the reflection coefficient (RC) in the THz electromagnetic radiation range before PRK, after 3-5 days, and after 1, 2, 3, and 4 months. Clinical examination included autorefractometry, assessment of corneal thickness and other anatomical and optical parameters of the anterior eye segment (Galilei G6, Ziemer Ophthalmic Systems AG 6.0.2, Switzerland), measurement of corneal hysteresis (CH) and corneal resistance factor (CRF) using the Ocular Response Analyzer (ORA; Reichert, USA), as well as tear production (Schirmer test). Results: The initial water content in the cornea has a significant effect on the thickness of the removed layer, i.e. on the PRK effect, with correlation coefficient of Rs= -0.976 (p<0.01). The correlation between CH and the ablation depth is less pronounced (Rs=0.643), and CRF had no correlation with it (Rs= -0.089). Biomechanical indicators of the cornea depend on its hydration: changes in CH and CRF after excimer laser ablation qualitatively coincide with changes in RC, the correlation coefficient between RC and the initial value of CH is R= -0.619 (moderate negative correlation). Conclusion: THz scanning is an effective non-contact technology for monitoring corneal hydration level. The mismatch of the hypoeffect of keratorefractive excimer laser intervention planned for patients with presbyopia with the actual outcome can be caused by individual decrease in the initial water content in the cornea.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language	Russian	Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	1794
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