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	Author	Arutyunov, K. Y.; Ramos-Alvarez, A.; Semenov, A. V.; Korneeva, Y. P.; An, P. P.; Korneev, A. A.; Murphy, A.; Bezryadin, A.; Gol'tsman, G. N.
	Title	Superconductivity in highly disordered NbN nanowires			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2016	Publication	Nanotechnol.	Abbreviated Journal	Nanotechnol.
	Volume	27	Issue	47	Pages	47lt02 (1 to 8)
	Keywords	NbN nanowires
	Abstract	The topic of superconductivity in strongly disordered materials has attracted significant attention. These materials appear to be rather promising for fabrication of various nanoscale devices such as bolometers and transition edge sensors of electromagnetic radiation. The vividly debated subject of intrinsic spatial inhomogeneity responsible for the non-Bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer relation between the superconducting gap and the pairing potential is crucial both for understanding the fundamental issues of superconductivity in highly disordered superconductors, and for the operation of corresponding nanoelectronic devices. Here we report an experimental study of the electron transport properties of narrow NbN nanowires with effective cross sections of the order of the debated inhomogeneity scales. The temperature dependence of the critical current follows the textbook Ginzburg-Landau prediction for the quasi-one-dimensional superconducting channel I c approximately (1-T/T c)(3/2). We find that conventional models based on the the phase slip mechanism provide reasonable fits for the shape of R(T) transitions. Better agreement with R(T) data can be achieved assuming the existence of short 'weak links' with slightly reduced local critical temperature T c. Hence, one may conclude that an 'exotic' intrinsic electronic inhomogeneity either does not exist in our structures, or, if it does exist, it does not affect their resistive state properties, or does not provide any specific impact distinguishable from conventional weak links.
	Address	National Research University Higher School of Economics, Moscow Institute of Electronics and Mathematics,109028, Moscow, Russia. P L Kapitza Institute for Physical Problems RAS, Moscow, 119334, Russia
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language	English	Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0957-4484	ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	PMID:27782000			Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	1332
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	Author	Arutyunov, K. Y.; Ramos-Álvarez, A.; Semenov, A. V.; Korneeva, Y. P.; An, P. P.; Korneev, A. A.; Murphy, A.; Bezryadin, A.; Gol’tsman, G. N.
	Title	Quasi-1-dimensional superconductivity in highly disordered NbN nanowires			Type	Miscellaneous
	Year	2016	Publication	arXiv	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume		Issue		Pages
	Keywords	narrow NbN nanowires, BCS
	Abstract	The topic of superconductivity in strongly disordered materials has attracted a significant attention. In particular vivid debates are related to the subject of intrinsic spatial inhomogeneity responsible for non-BCS relation between the superconducting gap and the pairing potential. Here we report experimental study of electron transport properties of narrow NbN nanowires with effective cross sections of the order of the debated inhomogeneity scales. We find that conventional models based on phase slip concept provide reasonable fits for the shape of the R(T) transition curve. Temperature dependence of the critical current follows the text-book Ginzburg-Landau prediction for quasi-one-dimensional superconducting channel Ic~(1-T/Tc)^3/2. Hence, one may conclude that the intrinsic electronic inhomogeneity either does not exist in our structures, or, if exist, does not affect their resistive state properties.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	Duplicated as 1332			Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	1338
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	Author	Beebe, M. R.; Beringer, D. B.; Burton, M. C.; Yang, K.; Lukaszew, R. A.
	Title	Stoichiometry and thickness dependence of superconducting properties of niobium nitride thin films			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2016	Publication	Journal of Vacuum Science & Technology A: Vacuum, Surfaces, and Films	Abbreviated Journal	Journal of Vacuum Science & Technology A: Vacuum, Surfaces, and Films
	Volume	34	Issue	2	Pages	021510 (1 to 4)
	Keywords	potential plagiarism, possible plagiarism, NbN films
	Abstract	The current technology used in linear particle accelerators is based on superconducting radio frequency (SRF) cavities fabricated from bulk niobium (Nb), which have smaller surface resistance and therefore dissipate less energy than traditional nonsuperconducting copper cavities. Using bulk Nb for the cavities has several advantages, which are discussed elsewhere; however, such SRF cavities have a material-dependent accelerating gradient limit. In order to overcome this fundamental limit, a multilayered coating has been proposed using layers of insulating and superconducting material applied to the interior surface of the cavity. The key to this multilayered model is to use superconducting thin films to exploit the potential field enhancement when these films are thinner than their London penetration depth. Such field enhancement has been demonstrated in MgB2 thin films; here, the authors consider films of another type-II superconductor, niobium nitride (NbN). The authors present their work correlating stoichiometry and superconducting properties in NbN thin films and discuss the thickness dependence of their superconducting properties, which is important for their potential use in the proposed multilayer structure. While there are some previous studies on the relationship between stoichiometry and critical temperature TC, the authors are the first to report on the correlation between stoichiometry and the lower critical field HC1.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0734-2101	ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	Potential plagiarism for 1503			Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	1504
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	Author	Fedorov, G. E.; Stepanova, T. S.; Gazaliev, A. S.; Gaiduchenko, I. A.; Kaurova, N. S.; Voronov, B. M.; Goltzman, G. N.
	Title	Asymmetric devices based on carbon nanotubes for terahertz-range radiation detection			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2016	Publication	Semicond.	Abbreviated Journal	Semicond.
	Volume	50	Issue	12	Pages	1600-1603
	Keywords	carbon nanotubes, CNT detectors
	Abstract	Various asymmetric detecting devices based on carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are studied. The asymmetry is understood as inhomogeneous properties along the conducting channel. In the first type of devices, an inhomogeneous morphology of the CNT grid is used. In the second type of devices, metals with highly varying work functions are used as the contact material. The relation between the sensitivity and detector configuration is analyzed. Based on the data obtained, approaches to the development of an efficient detector of terahertz radiation, based on carbon nanotubes are proposed.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1063-7826	ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	1776
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	Author	Finkel, M.; Thierschmann, H. R.; Galatro, L.; Katan, A. J.; Thoen, D. J.; de Visser, P. J.; Spirito, M.; Klapwijk, T. M.
	Title	Branchline and directional THz coupler based on PECVD SiNx-technology			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2016	Publication	41st IRMMW-THz	Abbreviated Journal	41st IRMMW-THz
	Volume		Issue		Pages
	Keywords	microstrip, fixtures, coplanar waveguides, couplers, standards, probes, dielectrics
	Abstract	A fabrication technology to realize THz microstrip lines and passive circuit components is developed and tested making use of a plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition grown silicon nitride (PECVD SiNx) dielectric membrane. We use 2 μm thick SiNx and 300 nm thick gold layers on sapphire substrates. We fabricate a set of structures for thru-reflect-line (TRL) calibration, with the reflection standard implemented as a short through the via. We find losses of 9.5 dB/mm at 300 GHz for a 50 Ohm line. For a branchline coupler we measure 2.5 dB insertion loss, 1 dB amplitude imbalance and 21 dB isolation. Good control over the THz lines parameters is proven by similar performance of a set of 5 structures. The directional couplers show -14 dB transmission to the coupled port, -24 dB to the isolated port and -25 dB in reflection. The SiNx membrane, used as a dielectric, is compatible with atomic force microscopy (AFM) cantilevers allowing the application of this technology to the development of a THz near-field microscope.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2162-2035	ISBN	978-1-4673-8485-8	Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	7758586			Serial	1295
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	Author	Gayduchenko, I. A.; Fedorov, G. E.; Ibragimov, R. A.; Stepanova, T. S.; Gazaliev, A. S.; Vysochanskiy, N. A.; Bobrov, Y. A.; Malovichko, A. M.; Sosnin, I. M.; Bobrinetskiy, I. I.
	Title	Synthesis of single-walled carbon nanotube networks using monodisperse metallic nanocatalysts encapsulated in reverse micelles			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2016	Publication	Chem. Ind. Belgrade	Abbreviated Journal	Chem. Ind. Belgrade
	Volume	70	Issue	1	Pages	1-8
	Keywords	carbon nanotubes, CNT, reverse micelles
	Abstract	We report on a method of synthesis of single-walled carbon nanotubes percolated networks on silicon dioxide substrates using monodisperse Co and Ni catalyst. The catalytic nanoparticles were obtained by modified method of reverse micelles of bis-(2-ethylhexyl) sulfosuccinate sodium in isooctane solution that provides the nanoparticle size control in range of 1 to 5 nm. The metallic nanoparticles of Ni and Co were characterized using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and atomic-force microscopy (AFM). Carbon nanotubes were synthesized by chemical vapor deposition of CH4/H2 composition at temperature 1000 °С on catalysts pre-deposited on silicon dioxide substrate. Before temperature treatment during the carbon nanotube synthesis most of the catalyst material agglomerates due to magnetic forces while during the nanotube growth disintegrates into the separate nanoparticles with narrow diameter distribution. The formed nanotube networks were characterized using AFM, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Raman spectroscopy. We find that the nanotubes are mainly single-walled carbon nanotubes with high structural perfection up to 200 μm long with diameters from 1.3 to 1.7 nm consistent with catalyst nanoparticles diameter distribution and independent of its material.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0367-598X	ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	1779
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	Author	Gayduchenko, I. A.; Fedorov, G. E.; Stepanova, T. S.; Titova, N.; Voronov, B. M.; But, D.; Coquillat, D.; Diakonova, N.; Knap, W.; Goltsman, G. N.
	Title	Asymmetric devices based on carbon nanotubes as detectors of sub-THz radiation			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2016	Publication	J. Phys.: Conf. Ser.	Abbreviated Journal	J. Phys.: Conf. Ser.
	Volume	741	Issue		Pages	012143 (1 to 6)
	Keywords	carbon nanotubes, CNT
	Abstract	Demand for efficient terahertz (THz) radiation detectors resulted in intensive study of the asymmetric carbon nanostructures as a possible solution for that problem. In this work, we systematically investigate the response of asymmetric carbon nanodevices to sub-terahertz radiation using different sensing elements: from dense carbon nanotube (CNT) network to individual CNT. We conclude that the detectors based on individual CNTs both semiconducting and quasi-metallic demonstrate much stronger response in sub-THz region than detectors based on disordered CNT networks at room temperature. We also demonstrate the possibility of using asymmetric detectors based on CNT for imaging in the THz range at room temperature. Further optimization of the device configuration may result in appearance of novel terahertz radiation detectors.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1742-6588	ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	1336
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	Author	Goltsman, G. N.; Shcherbatenko, M. L.; Lobanov, Y. V.; Kovalyuk, V. V.; Kahl, O.; Ferrari, S.; Korneev, A.; Pernice, W. H. P.
	Title	Superconducting nanowire single photon detector for coherent detection of weak optical signals			Type	Abstract
	Year	2016	Publication	LPHYS'16	Abbreviated Journal	LPHYS'16
	Volume		Issue		Pages	1-2
	Keywords	SSPD, SNSPD
	Abstract	Traditionally, photon detectors are operated in a direct detection mode counting incident photonswith a known quantum efficiency. This procedure allows one to detect weak sources of radiation but allthe information about its frequency is limited by the optical filtering/resonating structures used which arenot as precise as would be required for some practical applications. In this work we propose heterodynereceiver based on a photon counting mixer which would combine excellent sensitivity of a photon countingdetector and excellent spectral resolution given by the heterodyne technique. At present, Superconducting-Nanowire-Single-Photon-Detectors (SNSPDs) [1] are widely used in a variety of applications providing thebest possible combination of the sensitivity and speed. SNSPDs demonstrate lack of drawbacks like highdark count rate or autopulsing, which are common for traditional semiconductor-based photon detectors,such as avalanche photon diodes.In our study we have investigated SNSPD operated as a photon counting mixer. To fully understandits behavior in such a regime, we have utilized experimental setup based on a couple of distributedfeedback lasers irradiating at 1.5 micrometers, one of which is being the Local Oscillator (LO) and theother mimics the test signal [2]. The SNSPD was operated in the current mode and the bias currentwas slightly below of the critical current. Advantageously, we have found that LO power needed for anoptimal mixing is of the order of hundreds of femtowatts to a few picowatts, which is promising for manypractical applications, such as receiver matrices [3]. With use of the two lasers, one can observe thevoltage pulses produced by the detected photons, and the time distribution of the pulses reproduces thefrequency difference between the lasers, forming power response at the intermediate frequency which canbe captured by either an oscilloscope (an analysis of the pulse statistics is needed) or by an RF spectrumanalyzer. Photon-counting nature of the detector ensures quantum-limited sensitivity with respect to theoptical coupling achieved. In addition to the chip SNSPD with normal incidence coupling, we use thedetectors with a travelling wave geometry design [4]. In this case a NbN nanowire is placed on the topof a Si3N4 nanophotonic waveguide, thus increasing the efficient interaction length. For this reason it ispossible to achieve almost complete absorption of photons and reduce the detector footprint. This reducesthe noise of the device together with the expansion of the bandwidth. Integrated device scheme allowsus to measure the optical losses with high accuracy. Our approach is fully scalable and, along with alarge number of devices integrated on a single chip can be adapted to the mid and far IR ranges wherephoton-counting measurement may be beneficial as well [5].Acknowledgements: This work was supported in part by the Ministry of Education and Science of theRussian Federation, contract No. 14.B25.31.0007 and by RFBR grant No. 16-32-00465.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	1220
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	Author	Iomdina, E. N.; Goltsman, G. N.; Seliverstov, S. V.; Sianosyan, A. A.; Teplyakova, K. O.; Rusova, A. A.
	Title	Study of transmittance and reflectance spectra of the cornea and the sclera in the THz frequency range			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2016	Publication	J. Biomed. Opt.	Abbreviated Journal	J. Biomed. Opt.
	Volume	21	Issue	9	Pages	97002 (1 to 5)
	Keywords	BWO, IMPATT diode, Schottky diode, medicine, animals, cornea, physiology, humans, rabbits, sclera diagnostic imaging, physiology
	Abstract	An adequate water balance (hydration extent) is one of the basic factors of normal eye function, including its external shells: the cornea and the sclera. Adequate control of corneal and scleral hydration is very important for early diagnosis of a variety of eye diseases, stating indications for and contraindications against keratorefractive surgeries and the choice of contact lens correction solutions. THz systems of creating images in reflected beams are likely to become ideal instruments of noninvasive control of corneal and scleral hydration degrees. This paper reports on the results of a study involving transmittance and reflectance spectra for the cornea and the sclera of rabbit and human eyes, as well as those of the rabbit eye, in the frequency range of 0.13 to 0.32 THz. The dependence of the reflectance coefficient of these tissues on water mass percentage content was determined. The experiments were performed on three corneas, three rabbit scleras, two rabbit eyes, and three human scleras. The preliminary results demonstrate that the proposed technique, based on the use of a continuous THz radiation, may be utilized to create a device for noninvasive control of corneal and scleral hydration, which has clear potential of broad practical application.
	Address	Moscow State Pedagogical University, Department of Physics, 29 Malaya Pirogovskaya Street, Moscow 119435, Russia
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language	English	Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1083-3668	ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	PMID:27626901			Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	1335
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	Author	Iomdina, E. N.; Seliverstov, S.; Sianosyan, A.; Teplyakova, K.; Rusova, A.; Goltsman, G.
	Title	The prospects of using the radiation for the assessment of corneal and scleral hydration			Type	Abstract
	Year	2016	Publication	Acta Ophthalmol.	Abbreviated Journal	Acta Ophthalmol.
	Volume	94	Issue		Pages
	Keywords	BWO, avalanche transit‐time diode, medicine, biology
	Abstract	Purpose An adequate water balance (hydration extent) is one of the basic factors of normal eye function, including its external shells – the cornea and the sclera. THz systems creating images in reflected beams are likely to become ideal instruments of noninvasive testing of corneal and scleral hydration degree as THz radiation is highly sensitive to water content. The paper aims at studying the transmittance and reflectance spectra of the cornea and the sclera of rabbit and human eyes, as well as those of the whole rabbit eye, in the frequency range of 0.13–0.32 THz. Methods The experiments were carried out on 3 corneas and 3 rabbit scleras, 2 whole rabbit eyes, and 3 human healthy adult scleras using a specially developed THz system based on reliable and easy‐to‐use continuous wave sources: a backward‐wave oscillator and an avalanche transit‐time diode. Results The transmittance spectra of the cornea and the sclera and the dependence of the reflection coefficient of these tissues in THz range on water percentage content were determined. Comparison of the rabbit cornea hydrated from 73.2% to 76.3% concentration by mass demonstrated an approximately linear relationship between THz reflectivity and water concentration. The decrease of free water concentration by 1% leads to a drop of the reflectance coefficient by 13%. The parameters studied displayed noticeable differences between the sclera and the cornea of rabbits and between rabbit sclera and human sclera. Conclusions Preliminary results demonstrate that the proposed technique, based on continuous THz radiation, may be used to create a device for noninvasive testing of corneal and scleral hydration, which has good potential of wide‐scale practical application. The work was supported by the Russian Foundation of Basic Research (grant No.15‐29‐03843)
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1755375X	ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	1333
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	Author	Kahl, O.; Ferrari, S.; Kovalyuk, V.; Vetter, A.; Lewes-Malandrakis, G.; Nebel, C.; Korneev, A.; Goltsman, G.; Pernice, W.
	Title	Spectrally resolved single-photon imaging with hybrid superconducting – nanophotonic circuits			Type	Miscellaneous
	Year	2016	Publication	arXiv	Abbreviated Journal	arXiv
	Volume		Issue		Pages	1-20
	Keywords	waiveguide SSPD, SNSPD, imaging
	Abstract	The detection of individual photons is an inherently binary mechanism, revealing either their absence or presence while concealing their spectral information. For multi-color imaging techniques, such as single photon spectroscopy, fluorescence resonance energy transfer microscopy and fluorescence correlation spectroscopy, wavelength discrimination is essential and mandates spectral separation prior to detection. Here, we adopt an approach borrowed from quantum photonic integration to realize a compact and scalable waveguide-integrated single-photon spectrometer capable of parallel detection on multiple wavelength channels, with temporal resolution below 50 ps and dark count rates below 10 Hz. We demonstrate multi-detector devices for telecommunication and visible wavelengths and showcase their performance by imaging silicon vacancy color centers in diamond nanoclusters. The fully integrated hybrid superconducting-nanophotonic circuits enable simultaneous spectroscopy and lifetime mapping for correlative imaging and provide the ingredients for quantum wavelength division multiplexing on a chip.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	1334
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	Author	Kardakova, A.; Shishkin, A.; Semenov, A.; Goltsman, G. N.; Ryabchun, S.; Klapwijk, T. M.; Bousquet, J.; Eon, D.; Sacépé, B.; Klein, T.; Bustarret, E.
	Title	Relaxation of the resistive superconducting state in boron-doped diamond films			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2016	Publication	Phys. Rev. B	Abbreviated Journal	Phys. Rev. B
	Volume	93	Issue	6	Pages	064506
	Keywords	boron-doped diamond films, resistive superconducting state, relaxation time
	Abstract	We report a study of the relaxation time of the restoration of the resistive superconducting state in single crystalline boron-doped diamond using amplitude-modulated absorption of (sub-)THz radiation (AMAR). The films grown on an insulating diamond substrate have a low carrier density of about 2.5×1021cm−3 and a critical temperature of about 2K. By changing the modulation frequency we find a high-frequency rolloff which we associate with the characteristic time of energy relaxation between the electron and the phonon systems or the relaxation time for nonequilibrium superconductivity. Our main result is that the electron-phonon scattering time varies clearly as T−2, over the accessible temperature range of 1.7 to 2.2 K. In addition, we find, upon approaching the critical temperature Tc, evidence for an increasing relaxation time on both sides of Tc.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2469-9950	ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	1167
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	Author	Khasminskaya, S.; Pyatkov, F.; Słowik, K.; Ferrari, S.; Kahl, O.; Kovalyuk, V.; Rath, P.; Vetter, A.; Hennrich, F.; Kappes, M. M.; Gol'tsman, G.; Korneev, A.; Rockstuhl, C.; Krupke, R.; Pernice, W. H. P.
	Title	Fully integrated quantum photonic circuit with an electrically driven light source			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2016	Publication	Nat. Photon.	Abbreviated Journal	Nat. Photon.
	Volume	10	Issue	11	Pages	727-732
	Keywords	Carbon nanotubes and fullerenes, Integrated optics, Single photons and quantum effects, Waveguide integrated single-photon detector
	Abstract	Photonic quantum technologies allow quantum phenomena to be exploited in applications such as quantum cryptography, quantum simulation and quantum computation. A key requirement for practical devices is the scalable integration of single-photon sources, detectors and linear optical elements on a common platform. Nanophotonic circuits enable the realization of complex linear optical systems, while non-classical light can be measured with waveguide-integrated detectors. However, reproducible single-photon sources with high brightness and compatibility with photonic devices remain elusive for fully integrated systems. Here, we report the observation of antibunching in the light emitted from an electrically driven carbon nanotube embedded within a photonic quantum circuit. Non-classical light generated on chip is recorded under cryogenic conditions with waveguide-integrated superconducting single-photon detectors, without requiring optical filtering. Because exclusively scalable fabrication and deposition methods are used, our results establish carbon nanotubes as promising nanoscale single-photon emitters for hybrid quantum photonic devices.
	Address
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	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
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	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	RPLAB @ kovalyuk @			Serial	1105
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	Author	Korneeva, Y.; Sidorova, M.; Semenov, A.; Krasnosvobodtsev, S.; Mitsen, K.; Korneev, A.; Chulkova, G.; Goltsman, G.
	Title	Comparison of hot-spot formation in NbC and NbN single-photon detectors			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2016	Publication	IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond.	Abbreviated Journal	IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond.
	Volume	26	Issue	3	Pages	1-4
	Keywords	NbC, NbN SSPD, SNSPD
	Abstract	We report an experimental investigation of the hot-spot evolution in superconducting single-photon detectors made of disordered superconducting materials with different diffusivity and energy downconversion time values, i.e., 33-nm-thick NbN and 23-nm-thick NbC films. We have demonstrated that, in NbC film, only 405-nm photons produce sufficiently large hot spot to trigger a single-photon response. The dependence of detection efficiency on bias current for 405-nm photons in NbC is similar to that for 3400-nm photons in NbN. In NbC, large diffusivity and downconversion time result in 1-D critical current suppression profile compared with the usual 2-D profile in NbN.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1051-8223	ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	1348
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	Author	Krause, S.; Mityashkin, V.; Antipov, S.; Gol'tsman, G.; Meledin, D.; Desmaris, V.; Belitsky, V.; Rudzinski, M.
	Title	Study of IF bandwidth of NbN hot electron bolometers on GaN buffer layer using a direct measurement method			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2016	Publication	Proc. 27^th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol.	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume		Issue		Pages	30-32
	Keywords	NbN HEB, GaN buffer layer
	Abstract	In this paper, we present a reliable measurement method to study the influence of the GaN buffer layer on phonon-escape time in comparison with commonly used Si substrates and, in consequence, on the IF bandwidth of HEBs. One of the key aspects is to operate the HEB mixer at elevated bath temperatures close to the critical temperature of the NbN ultra-thin film, where contributions from electron-phonon processes and self-heating effects are relatively small, therefore IF roll-off will be governed by the phonon-escape.Two independent experiments were performed at GARD and MSPU on a similar experimental setup at frequencies of approximately 180 and 140 GHz, respectively, and have shown reproducible and consistent results. The entire IF chain was characterized by S-parameter measurements. We compared the measurement results of epitaxial NbN grown onto GaN buffer-layer with Tc of 12.5 K (4.5nm) with high quality polycrystalline NbN films on Si substrate with Tc of 10.5K (5nm) and observed a strong indication of an enhancement of phonon escape to the substrate by a factor of two for the NbN/GaN material combination.
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	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
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	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	1202
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	Author	Peltonen, J. T.; Peng, Z. H.; Korneeva, Yu. P.; Voronov, B. M.; Korneev, A. A.; Semenov, A. V.; Gol'tsman, G. N.; Tsai, J. S; Astafiev, Oleg
	Title	Coherent dynamics and decoherence in a superconducting weak link			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2016	Publication	Physic. Rev. B,	Abbreviated Journal	Physic. Rev. B,
	Volume	94	Issue		Pages	180508
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	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	RPLAB @ akorneev @			Serial	1123
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	Author	Pyatkov, Felix; Khasminskaya, Svetlana; Fütterling, Valentin; Fechner, Randy; Słowik, Karolina; Ferrari, Simone; Kahl1, Oliver; Kovalyuk, Vadim; Rath, Patrik; Vetter, Andreas; Flavel, Benjamin S.; Hennrich, Frank; Kappes, Manfred M.; Gol’tsman, Gregory N.; Korneev, Alexander; Rockstuhl, Carsten; Krupke, Ralph; Pernice, Wolfram H. P.
	Title	Carbon nanotubes as exceptional electrically driven on-chip light sources			Type	Miscellaneous
	Year	2016	Publication	2Physics	Abbreviated Journal	2Physics
	Volume		Issue		Pages
	Keywords	carbon nanotubes, CNT
	Abstract	Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) belong to the most exciting objects of the nanoworld. Typically, around 1 nm in diameter and several microns long, these cylindrically shaped carbon-based structures exhibit a number of exceptional mechanical, electrical and optical characteristics [1]. In particular, they are promising ultra-small light sources for the next generation of optoelectronic devices, where electrical components are interconnected with photonic circuits. Few years ago, we demonstrated that electically driven CNTs can serve as waveguide-integrated light sources [2]. Progress in the field of nanotube sorting, dielectrophoretical site-selective deposition and efficient light coupling into underlying substrate has made CNTs suitable for wafer-scale fabrication of active hybrid nanophotonic devices [2,3]. Recently we presented a nanotube-based waveguide integrated light emitters with tailored, exceptionally narrow emission-linewidths and short response times [4]. This allows conversion of electrical signals into well-defined optical signals directly within an optical waveguide, as required for future on-chip optical communication. Schematics and realization of this device is shown in Figure 1. The devices were manufactured by etching a photonic crystal waveguide into a dielectric layer following electron beam lithography. Photonic crystals are nanostructures that are also used by butterflies to give the impression of color on their wings. The same principle has been used in this study to select the color of light emitted by the CNT. The precise dimensions of the structure were numerically simulated to tailor the properties of the final device. Metallic contacts in the vicinity to the waveguide were fabricated to provide electrical access to CNT emitters. Finally, CNTs, sorted by structural and electronic properties, were deposited from a solution across the waveguide using dielectrophoresis, which is an electric-field-assisted deposition technique.
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	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2372-1782	ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	1219
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	Author	Rath, P.; Vetter, A.; Kovalyuk, V.; Ferrari, S.; Kahl, O.; Nebel, C.; Goltsman, G. N.; Korneev, A.; Pernice, W. H. P.
	Title	Travelling-wave single-photon detectors integrated with diamond photonic circuits: operation at visible and telecom wavelengths with a timing jitter down to 23 ps			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2016	Publication	Integrated Optics: Devices, Mat. Technol. XX	Abbreviated Journal	Integrated Optics: Devices, Mat. Technol. XX
	Volume	9750	Issue		Pages	135-142
	Keywords	SSPD, Superconducting Nanowire Single-Photon Detector, SNSPD, Single Photon Detector, Diamond Photonics, Diamond Integrated Optics, Diamond Waveguides, Integrated Optics, Low Timing Jitter
	Abstract	We report on the design, fabrication and measurement of travelling-wave superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors (SNSPDs) integrated with polycrystalline diamond photonic circuits. We analyze their performance both in the near-infrared wavelength regime around 1600 nm and at 765 nm. Near-IR detection is important for compatibility with the telecommunication infrastructure, while operation in the visible wavelength range is relevant for compatibility with the emission line of silicon vacancy centers in diamond which can be used as efficient single-photon sources. Our detectors feature high critical currents (up to 31 μA) and high performance in terms of efficiency (up to 74% at 765 nm), noise-equivalent power (down to 4.4×10-19 W/Hz1/2 at 765 nm) and timing jitter (down to 23 ps).
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Spie	Place of Publication		Editor	Broquin, J.-E.; Conti, G.N.
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
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	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	1210
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	Author	Ryzhii, V.; Otsuji, T.; Ryzhii, M.; Leiman, V. G.; Fedorov, G.; Goltzman, G. N.; Gayduchenko, I. A.; Titova, N.; Coquillat, D.; But, D.; Knap, W.; Mitin, V.; Shur, M. S.
	Title	Two-dimensional plasmons in lateral carbon nanotube network structures and their effect on the terahertz radiation detection			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2016	Publication	J. Appl. Phys.	Abbreviated Journal	J. Appl. Phys.
	Volume	120	Issue	4	Pages	044501 (1 to 13)
	Keywords	carbon nanotubes, CNT detectors, plasmons
	Abstract	We consider the carrier transport and plasmonic phenomena in the lateral carbon nanotube (CNT) networks forming the device channel with asymmetric electrodes. One electrode is the Ohmic contact to the CNT network and the other contact is the Schottky contact. These structures can serve as detectors of the terahertz (THz) radiation. We develop the device model for collective response of the lateral CNT networks which comprise a mixture of randomly oriented semiconductor CNTs (s-CNTs) and quasi-metal CNTs (m-CNTs). The proposed model includes the concept of the collective two-dimensional (2D) plasmons in relatively dense networks of randomly oriented CNTs (CNT “felt”) and predicts the detector responsivity spectral characteristics exhibiting sharp resonant peaks at the signal frequencies corresponding to the 2D plasmonic resonances. The detection mechanism is the rectification of the ac current due the nonlinearity of the Schottky contact current-voltage characteristics under the conditions of a strong enhancement of the potential drop at this contact associated with the plasmon excitation. The detector responsivity depends on the fractions of the s- and m-CNTs. The burning of the near-contact regions of the m-CNTs or destruction of these CNTs leads to a marked increase in the responsivity in agreement with our experimental data. The resonant THz detectors with sufficiently dense lateral CNT networks can compete and surpass other THz detectors using plasmonic effects at room temperatures.
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	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0021-8979	ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	1777
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	Author	Schroeder, E.; Mauskopf, P.; Pilyavsky, G.; Sinclair, A.; Smith, N.; Bryan, S.; Mani, H.; Morozov, D.; Berggren, K.; Zhu, D.; Smirnov, K.; Vakhtomin, Y.
	Title	On the measurement of intensity correlations from laboratory and astronomical sources with SPADs and SNSPDs			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2016	Publication	Proc. SPIE	Abbreviated Journal	Proc. SPIE
	Volume	9907	Issue		Pages	99070P (1 to 13)
	Keywords	SPAD, NbN SSPD applications, SNSPD
	Abstract	We describe the performance of detector modules containing silicon single photon avalanche photodiodes (SPADs) and superconducting nanowire single photon detectors (SNSPDs) to be used for intensity interferometry. The SPADs are mounted in fiber-coupled and free-space coupled packages. The SNSPDs are mounted in a small liquid helium cryostat coupled to single mode fiber optic cables which pass through a hermetic feed-through. The detectors are read out with microwave amplifiers and FPGA-based coincidence electronics. We present progress on measurements of intensity correlations from incoherent sources including gas-discharge lamps and stars with these detectors. From the measured laboratory performance of the correlation system, we estimate the sensitivity to intensity correlations from stars using commercial telescopes and larger existing research telescopes.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	SPIE	Place of Publication		Editor	Malbet, F.; Creech-Eakman, M.J.; Tuthill, P.G.
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference	Optical and Infrared Interferometry and Imaging V
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	1809
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	Author	Seleznev, V. A.; Divochiy, A. V.; Vakhtomin, Y. B.; Morozov, P. V.; Zolotov, P. I.; Vasil'ev, D. D.; Moiseev, K. M.; Malevannaya, E. I.; Smirnov, K. V.
	Title	Superconducting detector of IR single-photons based on thin WSi films			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2016	Publication	J. Phys.: Conf. Ser.	Abbreviated Journal	J. Phys.: Conf. Ser.
	Volume	737	Issue		Pages	012032
	Keywords	WSi SSPD, SNSPD, NEP
	Abstract	We have developed the deposition technology of WSi thin films 4 to 9 nm thick with high temperature values of superconducting transition (Tc~4 K). Based on deposed films there were produced nanostructures with indicative planar sizes ~100 nm, and the research revealed that even on nanoscale the films possess of high critical temperature values of the superconducting transition (Tc~3.3-3.7 K) which certifies high quality and homogeneity of the films created. The first experiments on creating superconducting single-photon detectors showed that the detectors' SDE (system detection efficiency) with increasing bias current (I b) reaches a constant value of ~30% (for X=1.55 micron) defined by infrared radiation absorption by the superconducting structure. To enhance radiation absorption by the superconductor there were created detectors with cavity structures which demonstrated a practically constant value of quantum efficiency >65% for bias currents Ib>0.6-Ic. The minimal dark counts level (DC) made 1 s-1 limited with background noise. Hence WSi is the most promising material for creating single-photon detectors with record SDE/DC ratio and noise equivalent power (NEP).
	Address
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	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
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	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1742-6588	ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	1235
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	Author	Seliverstov, S. V.; Rusova, A. A.; Kaurova, N. S.; Voronov, B. M.; Goltsman, G. N.
	Title	Attojoule energy resolution of direct detector based on hot electron bolometer			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2016	Publication	J. Phys.: Conf. Ser.	Abbreviated Journal	J. Phys.: Conf. Ser.
	Volume	741	Issue		Pages	012165 (1 to 5)
	Keywords	NbN HEB detector
	Abstract	We characterize superconducting antenna-coupled NbN hot-electron bolometer (HEB) for direct detection of THz radiation operating at a temperature of 9.0 K. At signal frequency of 2.5 THz, the measured value of the optical noise equivalent power is 2.0×10-13 W-Hz-0.5. The estimated value of the energy resolution is about 1.5 aJ. This value was confirmed in the experiment with pulsed 1.55-μm laser employed as a radiation source. The directly measured detector energy resolution is 2 aJ. The obtained risetime of pulses from the detector is 130 ps. This value was determined by the properties of the RF line. These characteristics make our detector a device-of-choice for a number of practical applications associated with detection of short THz pulses.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	IOP Publishing	Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	Seliverstov_2016			Serial	1337
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	Author	Shcherbatenko, M.; Lobanov, Y.; Kovalyuk, V.; Korneev, A.; Gol'tsman, G. N.
	Title	Photon counting detector as a mixer with picowatt local oscillator power requirement			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2016	Publication	Proc. 27^th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol.	Abbreviated Journal	Proc. 27^th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol.
	Volume		Issue		Pages	110
	Keywords	SSPD mixer, SNSPD
	Abstract	At the current stage of the heterodyne receiver technology, great attention is paid to the development of detector arrays and matrices comprising many detectors on a single wafer. However, any traditional THz detector (such as SIS, HEB, or Schottky diode) requires quite a noticeable amount of Local Oscillator (LO) power which scales with the matrix size, and the total amount of the LO power needed is much greater than that available from compact and handy solid state sources. Substantial reduction of the LO power requirement may be obtained with a photon-counting detector used as a mixer. This approach, mentioned earlier in [1,2] provides a number of advantages. Thus, sensitivity of such a detector would be at the quantum limit (because of the photon-counting nature of the detector) and just a few LO photons for the mixing would be required leading to a possible breakthrough in the matrix receiver development. In addition, the receiver could be easily tuned from the heterodyne to the direct detection mode without any loss in its sensitivity with the latter limited only by the quantum efficiency of the detector used. We demonstrate such a technique with the use of the Superconducting Nanowire Single Photon Detector(SNSPD)[3] irradiated by both 1.5 μm LO with a tiny amount of power (from a few picowatts down to femtowatts) facing the detector, and the test signal with a power significantly less than that of the LO. The SNSPD was operated in the current mode and the bias current was slightly below its critical value. Irradiating the detector with either the LO or the signal source produced voltage pulses which are statistically evenly distributed and could be easily counted by a lab counter or oscilloscope. Irradiating the detector by the both lasers simultaneously produced pulses at the frequency f m which is the exact difference between the frequencies at which the two lasers operate. f m could be deduced form either counts statistics integrated over a sufficient time interval or with the help of an RF spectrum analyzer. In addition to the chip SNSPD with normal incidence coupling, we use the detectors with a travelling wave geometry design [4]. In this case a niobium nitride nanowire is placed on the top of a nanophotonic waveguide, thus increasing the efficient interaction length. Integrated device scheme allows us to measure the optical losses with high accuracy. Our approach is fully scalable and, along with a large number of devices integrated on a single chip can be adapted to the mid and far IR ranges. This work was supported in part by the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation, contract no. 14.B25.31.0007 and by RFBR grant # 16-32-00465. 1. Leaf A. Jiang and Jane X. Luu, ―Heterodyne detection with a weak local oscillator, Applied Optics Vol. 47, Issue 10, pp. 1486-1503 (2008) 2. Matsuo H. ―Requirements on Photon Counting Detectors for Terahertz Interferometry J Low Temp Phys (2012) 167:840–845 3. A. Semenov, G. Gol'tsman, A. Korneev, “Quantum detection by current carrying superconducting film”, Physica C, 352, pp. 349-356 (2001) 4. O. Kahl, S. Ferrari, V. Kovalyuk, G. N. Goltsman, A. Korneev, and W. H. P. Pernice, ―Waveguide integrated superconducting single-photon detectors with high internal quantum efficiency at telecom wavelengths., Sci. Rep., vol. 5, p. 10941, (2015).
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	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	1203
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	Author	Shcherbatenko, M.; Lobanov, Y.; Semenov, A.; Kovalyuk, V.; Korneev, A.; Ozhegov, R.; Kazakov, A.; Voronov, B.M.; Goltsman, G.N.
	Title	Potential of a superconducting photon counter for heterodyne detection at the telecommunication wavelength			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2016	Publication	Opt. Express	Abbreviated Journal	Opt. Express
	Volume	24	Issue	26	Pages	30474-30484
	Keywords	NbN SSPD mixer, SNSPD
	Abstract	Here, we report on the successful operation of a NbN thin film superconducting nanowire single-photon detector (SNSPD) in a coherent mode (as a mixer) at the telecommunication wavelength of 1550 nm. Providing the local oscillator power of the order of a few picowatts, we were practically able to reach the quantum noise limited sensitivity. The intermediate frequency gain bandwidth (also referred to as response or conversion bandwidth) was limited by the spectral band of a single-photon response pulse of the detector, which is proportional to the detector size. We observed a gain bandwidth of 65 MHz and 140 MHz for 7 x 7 microm² and 3 x 3 microm² devices, respectively. A tiny amount of the required local oscillator power and wide gain and noise bandwidths, along with unnecessary low noise amplification, make this technology prominent for various applications, with the possibility for future development of a photon counting heterodyne-born large-scale array.
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	Language	English	Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1094-4087	ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	PMID:28059394			Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	1207
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	Author	Shcherbatenko, M.; Tretyakov, I.; Lobanov, Yu.; Maslennikov, S. N.; Kaurova, N.; Finkel, M.; Voronov, B.; Goltsman, G.; Klapwijk, T. M.
	Title	Nonequilibrium interpretation of DC properties of NbN superconducting hot electron bolometers			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2016	Publication	Appl. Phys. Lett.	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	109	Issue	13	Pages	132602
	Keywords	HEB mixer, contacts
	Abstract	We present a physically consistent interpretation of the dc electrical properties of niobiumnitride (NbN)-based superconducting hot-electron bolometer mixers, using concepts of nonequilibrium superconductivity. Through this, we clarify what physical information can be extracted from the resistive transition and the dc current-voltage characteristics, measured at suitably chosen temperatures, and relevant for device characterization and optimization. We point out that the intrinsic spatial variation of the electronic properties of disordered superconductors, such as NbN, leads to a variation from device to device.
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	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	1107
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	Author	Shcheslavskiy, V.; Morozov, P.; Divochiy, A.; Vakhtomin, Y.; Smirnov, K.; Becker, W.
	Title	Erratum: “Ultrafast time measurements by time-correlated single photon counting coupled with superconducting single photon detector” [Rev. Sci. Instrum. 87, 053117 (2016)]			Type	Miscellaneous
	Year	2016	Publication	Rev. Sci. Instrum.	Abbreviated Journal	Rev. Sci. Instrum.
	Volume	87	Issue	6	Pages	069901
	Keywords	SSPD, SNSPD, TCSPC, jitter
	Abstract	In the original paper1the Ref. 10 should be M. Sanzaro, N. Calandri, A. Ruggeri, C. Scarcella, G. Boso, M. Buttafava, and A. Tosi, Proc. SPIE9370, 93701T (2015).
	Address	Becker & Hickl GmbH, Nahmitzer Damm 30, Berlin 12277, Germany
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	ISSN	0034-6748	ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	PMID:27370512			Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	1810
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	Author	Shcheslavskiy, V.; Morozov, P.; Divochiy, A.; Vakhtomin, Yu.; Smirnov, K.; Becker, W.
	Title	Ultrafast time measurements by time-correlated single photon counting coupled with superconducting single photon detector			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2016	Publication	Rev. Sci. Instrum.	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	87	Issue		Pages	053117 (1 to 5)
	Keywords	SSPD, SNSPD, TCSPC, jitter
	Abstract	Time resolution is one of the main characteristics of the single photon detectors besides quantum efficiency and dark count rate. We demonstrate here an ultrafast time-correlated single photon counting (TCSPC) setup consisting of a newly developed single photon counting board SPC-150NX and a superconducting NbN single photon detector with a sensitive area of 7 × 7 μm. The combination delivers a record instrument response function with a full width at half maximum of 17.8 ps and system quantum efficiency ~5% at wavelength of 1560 nm. A calculation of the root mean square value of the timing jitter for channels with counts more than 1% of the peak value yielded about 7.6 ps. The setup has also good timing stability of the detector–TCSPC board.
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	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	1077
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	Author	Smirnov, K. V.; Divochiy, A. V.; Vakhtomin, Y. B.; Sidorova, M. V.; Karpova, U. V.; Morozov, P. V.; Seleznev, V. A.; Zotova, A. N.; Vodolazov, D. Y.
	Title	Rise time of voltage pulses in NbN superconducting single photon detectors			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2016	Publication	Appl. Phys. Lett.	Abbreviated Journal	Appl. Phys. Lett.
	Volume	109	Issue	5	Pages	052601
	Keywords	SSPD, SNSPD
	Abstract	We have found experimentally that the rise time of voltage pulse in NbN superconducting single photon detectors increases nonlinearly with increasing the length of the detector L. The effect is connected with dependence of resistance of the detector Rn, which appears after photon absorption, on its kinetic inductance Lk and, hence, on the length of the detector. This conclusion is confirmed by our calculations in the framework of two temperature model. D.Yu.V. acknowledges the support from the Russian Foundation for Basic Research (Project No. 15-42-02365). K.V.S. acknowledges the financial support from the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation (Contract No. 3.2655.2014/K).
	Address
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	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0003-6951	ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	1236
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	Author	Tret'yakov, I. V.; Kaurova, N. S.; Voronov, B. M.; Anfert'ev, V. A.; Revin, L. S.; Vaks, V. L.; Gol'tsman, G. N.
	Title	The influence of the diffusion cooling on the noise band of the superconductor NbN hot-electron bolometer operating in the terahertz range			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2016	Publication	Tech. Phys. Lett.	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	42	Issue	6	Pages	563-566
	Keywords	HEB, noise bandwidth, conversion gain bandwidth, noise temperature, Andreev reflection
	Abstract	Results of an experimental study of the noise temperature (Tn) and noise bandwidth (NBW) of the superconductor NbN hot-electron bolometer (HEB) mixer as a function of its temperature (Tb) are presented. It was determined that the NBW of the mixer is significantly wider at temperatures close to the critical ones (Tc) than are values measured at 4.2 K. The NBW of the mixer measured at the heterodyne frequency of 2.5 THz at temperature Tb close to Tc was ~13 GHz, as compared with 6 GHz at Tb = 4.2 K. This experiment clearly demonstrates the limitation of the thermal flow from the NbN bridge at Tb â‰<aa> Tc for mixers manufactured by the in situ technique. This limitation is close in its nature to the Andreev reflection on the superconductor/ metal boundary. In this case, the noise temperature of the studied mixer increased from 1100 to 3800 K.
	Address
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	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	1106
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	Author	Trifonov, A.; Tong, C.-Y. E.; Lobanov, Y.; Kaurova, N.; Blundell, R.; Goltsman, G.
	Title	Gap frequency and photon absorption in a hot electron bolometer			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2016	Publication	Proc. 27^th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol.	Abbreviated Journal	Proc. 27^th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol.
	Volume		Issue		Pages	121
	Keywords	NbN HEB; Si membrane
	Abstract	The superconducting energy gap is a crucial parameter of a superconductor when used in mixing applications. In the case of the SIS mixer, the mixing process is efficient for frequencies below the energy gap, whereas, in the case of the HEB mixer, the mixing process is most efficient at frequencies above the gap, where photon absorption takes place more readily. We have investigated the photon absorption phenomenon around the gap frequency of HEB mixers based on NbN films deposited on silicon membranes. Apart from studying the pumped I-V curves of HEB devices, we have also probed them with microwave radiation, as previously described [1]. At frequencies far below the gap frequency, the pumped I-V curves show abrupt switching between the superconducting and resistive states. For the NbN HEB mixers we tested, which have critical temperatures of ~9 K, this is true for frequencies below about 400 GHz. As the pump frequency is increased beyond 400 GHz, the resistive state extends towards zero bias and at some point a small region of negative differential resistance appears close to zero bias. In this region, the microwave probe reveals that the device impedance is changing randomly with time. As the pump frequency is further increased, this random impedance change develops into relaxation oscillations, which can be observed by the demodulation of the reflected microwave probe. Initially, these oscillations take the form of several frequencies grouped together under an envelope. As we approach the gap frequency, the multiple frequency relaxation oscillations coalesce into a single frequency of a few MHz. The resultant square-wave nature of the oscillation is a clear indication that the device is in a bi-stable state, switching between the superconducting and normal state. Above the gap frequency, it is possible to obtain a pumped I-V curve with no negative differential resistance above a threshold pumping level. Below this pumping level, the device demonstrates bi-stability, and regular relaxation oscillation at a few MHz is observed as a function of pump power. The threshold pumping level is clearly related to the amount of power absorbed by the device and its phonon cooling. From the above experiment, we can derive the gap frequency of the NbN film, which is 585 GHz for our 6 μm thin silicon membrane-based device. We also confirm that the HEB mixer is not an efficient photon absorber for radiation below the gap frequency. 1. A. Trifonov et al., “Probing the stability of HEB mixers with microwave injection”, IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond., vol. 25, no. 3, June 2015.
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	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	1204
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	Author	Vetter, A.; Ferrari, S.; Rath, P.; Alaee, R.; Kahl, O.; Kovalyuk, V.; Diewald, S.; Goltsman, G. N.; Korneev, A.; Rockstuhl, C.; Pernice, W. H. P.
	Title	Cavity-enhanced and ultrafast superconducting single-photon detectors			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2016	Publication	Nano Lett.	Abbreviated Journal	Nano Lett.
	Volume	16	Issue	11	Pages	7085-7092
	Keywords	SSPD; SNSPD; multiphoton detection; nanophotonic circuit; photonic crystal cavity
	Abstract	Ultrafast single-photon detectors with high efficiency are of utmost importance for many applications in the context of integrated quantum photonic circuits. Detectors based on superconductor nanowires attached to optical waveguides are particularly appealing for this purpose. However, their speed is limited because the required high absorption efficiency necessitates long nanowires deposited on top of the waveguide. This enhances the kinetic inductance and makes the detectors slow. Here, we solve this problem by aligning the nanowire, contrary to usual choice, perpendicular to the waveguide to realize devices with a length below 1 mum. By integrating the nanowire into a photonic crystal cavity, we recover high absorption efficiency, thus enhancing the detection efficiency by more than an order of magnitude. Our cavity enhanced superconducting nanowire detectors are fully embedded in silicon nanophotonic circuits and efficiently detect single photons at telecom wavelengths. The detectors possess subnanosecond decay ( approximately 120 ps) and recovery times ( approximately 510 ps) and thus show potential for GHz count rates at low timing jitter ( approximately 32 ps). The small absorption volume allows efficient threshold multiphoton detection.
	Address	Institute of Physics, University of Munster , 48149 Munster, Germany
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language	English	Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1530-6984	ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	PMID:27759401			Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	1208
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	Author	Voss, Chris; Raz, Tahl
	Title	Never split the difference: negotiating as if your life depended on it			Type	Book Whole
	Year	2016	Publication		Abbreviated Journal
	Volume		Issue		Pages
	Keywords	business, negotiating, psychology, FBI
	Abstract
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	HarperCollins	Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN	978-0-06-240780-1	Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	pdf, epub, mp3 (audio book) -- 85 MB in total			Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	1838
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	Author	Zolotov, P. I.; Vakhtomin, Yu. B.; Divochiy, A. V.; Seleznev, V. A.; Smirnov, K. V.
	Title	Technology development of resonator-based structures for efficiency increasing of NBN detectors of IR single photons			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2016	Publication	Proc. 5th Int. Conf. Photonics and Information Optics	Abbreviated Journal	Proc. 5th Int. Conf. Photonics and Information Optics
	Volume		Issue		Pages	115-116
	Keywords	NbN SSPD
	Abstract	This paper presents a technology of fabrication of NbN superconductive single- photon detectors, using resonator structures. The main results are related to optimization of the process of NbN sputtering over substrate with metallic mirrors and SiO 2 /Si 3 N 4 layers /4 thick. Investigation of the quantum efficiency of fabricated devices at 1.6 K on 1.55 μm showed triple-magnified value compared to standard Si/NbN structures.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language	Russian	Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN	978-5-7262-2215-8	Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	http://fioconf.mephi.ru/files/2015/12/FIO2016-Sbornik.pdf Разработка технологии создания резонаторных структур для увеличения квантовой эффективности NBN детекторов ИК-фотонов			Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	1811
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	Author	Столяров, А. В.
	Title	Программирование. Введение в профессию. Том 1. Азы программирования			Type	Book Whole
	Year	2016	Publication	МАКС Пресс	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume		Issue		Pages
	Keywords	programming, computer science
	Abstract	Первый том серии «Программирование: введение в профессию» включает две основные части. В первую часть книги вошли избранные сведения из истории вычислительной техники, обсуждение некоторых областей математики, непосредственно используемых программистами (таких как алгебра логики, комбинаторика, позиционные системы счисления), математических основ программирования (теория вычислимости и теория алгоритмов), принципы построения и функционирования вычислительных систем, начальные сведения о работе с командной строкой ОС Unix. Вторая часть посвящена начальным навыкам составления компьютерных программ на примере Free Pascal под ОС Unix. Материал ориентирован на изучение в будущем языка Си, так что, в частности, много внимания уделено работе с адресами и указателями, построению списков и других динамических структур данных; в то же время многие возможности Паскаля из рассмотрения исключены. Даются сведения о правилах оформления текстов программ, о тестировании и отладке.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication	Москва	Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN	978-5-317-05222-5	Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	1133
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	Author	Столяров, А. В.
	Title	Программирование. Введение в профессию. Том 2. Низкоуровневое программирование			Type	Book Whole
	Year	2016	Publication	МАКС Пресс	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume		Issue		Pages
	Keywords	programming, computer science
	Abstract	Во второй том книги «Программирование: введение в профессию» вошли её третья и четвёртая части. Третья часть книги посвящена программированию на уровне машинных команд на примере ассемблера NASM. Рассматривается «юзерспейсовская» часть системы команд i386, конвенции системных вызовов Linux/i386 и FreeBSD/i386, изучается макропроцессор, раздельная трансляция и работа компоновщика, приведены сведения об арифметике с плавающей точкой. Четвёртая часть, посвящённая языку Си, включает, кроме собственно описания этого языка, также краткие сведения о библиотеке ncurses; рассказ о том, как использовать компилятор Си без его стандартной библиотеки; дополнительные сведения об инструментах сборки и отладки программ; наконец, в книге приводится краткое описание систем контроля версий CVS и git.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication	Москва	Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN	978-5-317-05301-7	Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	1134
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	Author	Тархов, Михаил Александрович
	Title	Разработка сверхпроводниковых однофотонных детекторов с повышенной спектральной чувствительностью и быстродействием			Type	Manuscript
	Year	2016	Publication	М. НИЦ “Курчатовский институт”	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume		Issue		Pages	1-103
	Keywords	SSPD
	Abstract
	Address	123182, Россия, Москва, пл. Академика И. В. Курчатова, 1
	Corporate Author				Thesis	Ph.D. thesis
	Publisher	НИЦ "Курчатовский институт"	Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	1064
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	Author	Тархов, Михаил Александрович
	Title	Разработка сверхпроводниковых однофотонных детекторов с повышенной спектральной чувствительностью и быстродействием. Автореферат			Type	Manuscript
	Year	2016	Publication	М. НИЦ “Курчатовский институт”	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume		Issue		Pages	1-30
	Keywords	SSPD
	Abstract
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	1065
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