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Kitaeva, G. K., Kornienko, V. V., Kuznetsov, K. A., Pentin, I. V., Smirnov, K. V., & Vakhtomin, Y. B. (2019). Direct detection of the idler THz radiation generated by spontaneous parametric down-conversion. Opt. Lett., 44(5), 1198–1201.
Abstract: We study parametric down-conversion (PDC) of optical laser radiation in the strongly frequency non-degenerate regime which is promising for the generation of quantum-correlated pairs of extremely different spectral ranges, the optical and the terahertz (THz) ones. The possibility to detect tenuous THz-frequency photon fluxes generated under low-gain spontaneous PDC is demonstrated using a hot electron bolometer. Then experimental dependences of the THz radiation power on the detection angle and on the pump intensity are analyzed.
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Shangina, E. L., Smirnov, K. V., Morozov, D. V., Kovalyuk, V. V., Gol’tsman, G. N., Verevkin, A. A., et al. (2010). Concentration dependence of the intermediate frequency bandwidth of submillimeter heterodyne AlGaAs/GaAs nanostructures. Bull. Russ. Acad. Sci. Phys., 74(1), 100–102.
Abstract: The concentration dependence of the intermediate frequency bandwidth of heterodyne AlGaAs/GaAs detectors with 2D electron gas is measured using submillimeter spectroscopy with high time resolution at T= 4.2 K. The intermediate frequency bandwidth f3dBfalls from 245 to 145 MHz with increasing concentration of 2D electrons n s = (1.6-6.6) × 10[su11] cm-2. The dependence f3dB ≈ n s – 0.04±is observed in the studied concentration range; this dependence is determined by electron scattering by the deformation potential of acoustic phonons and piezoelectric scattering.
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Smirnov, A. V., Karmantsov, M. S., Smirnov, K. V., Vakhtomin, Y. B., Masterov, D. V., Tarkhov, M. A., et al. (2012). Terahertz response of thin-film YBCO bolometers. Tech. Phys., 57(12), 1716–1719.
Abstract: The bolometric response of high-temperature thin-film YBCO superconducting detectors to an electromagnetic radiation with a frequency of 2.5 THz is measured for the first time. The minimum value of the noise-equivalent power of the detectors is 3.5 × 10−9 W/Hz−−−√. The feasibility of further increasing the sensitivity of the detectors is discussed.
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Shangina, E. L., Smirnov, K. V., Morozov, D. V., Kovalyuk, V. V., Gol’tsman, G. N., Verevkin, A. A., et al. (2010). Frequency bandwidth and conversion loss of a semiconductor heterodyne receiver with phonon cooling of two-dimensional electrons. Semicond., 44(11), 1427–1429.
Abstract: The temperature and concentration dependences of the frequency bandwidth of terahertz heterodyne AlGaAs/GaAs detectors based on hot electron phenomena with phonon cooling of two-dimensional electrons have been measured by submillimeter spectroscopy with a high time resolution. At a temperature of 4.2 K, the frequency bandwidth at a level of 3 dB (f 3 dB) is varied from 150 to 250 MHz with a change in the concentration n s according to the power law f 3dB ∝ n −0.5 s due to the dominant contribution of piezoelectric phonon scattering. The minimum conversion loss of the semiconductor heterodyne detector is obtained in structures with a high carrier mobility (μ > 3 × 105 cm2 V−1 s−1 at 4.2 K).
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Smirnov, K. V., Ptitsina, N. G., Vakhtomin, Y. B., Verevkin, A. A., Gol’tsman, G. N., & Gershenzon, E. M. (2000). Energy relaxation of two-dimensional electrons in the quantum Hall effect regime. JETP Lett., 71(1), 31–34.
Abstract: The mm-wave spectroscopy with high temporal resolution is used to measure the energy relaxation times τe of 2D electrons in GaAs/AlGaAs heterostructures in magnetic fields B=0–4 T under quasi-equilibrium conditions at T=4.2 K. With increasing B, a considerable increase in τe from 0.9 to 25 ns is observed. For high B and low values of the filling factor ν, the energy relaxation rate τ −1e oscillates. The depth of these oscillations and the positions of maxima depend on the filling factor ν. For ν>5, the relaxation rate τ −1e is maximum when the Fermi level lies in the region of the localized states between the Landau levels. For lower values of ν, the relaxation rate is maximum at half-integer values of τ −1e when the Fermi level is coincident with the Landau level. The characteristic features of the dependence τ −1e (B) are explained by different contributions of the intralevel and interlevel electron-phonon transitions to the process of the energy relaxation of 2D electrons.
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Verevkin, A. A., Ptitsina, N. G., Smirnov, K. V., Gol’tsman, G. N., Gershenzon, E. M., & Ingvesson, K. S. (1996). Direct measurements of energy relaxation times on an AlGaAs/GaAs heterointerface in the range 4.2–50 K. JETP Lett., 64(5), 404–409.
Abstract: The temperature dependence of the energy relaxation time τe (T) of a two-dimensional electron gas at an AlGaAs/GaAs heterointerface is measured under quasiequilibrium conditions in the region of the transition from scattering by acoustic phonons to scattering with the participation of optical phonons. The temperature interval of constant τe, where scattering by the deformation potential predominates, is determined. In the preceding, low-temperature region, where piezoacoustic and deformation-potential-induced scattering processes coexist, τ e decreases slowly with increasing temperature. Optical phonons start to participate in the scattering processes at T∼25 K (the characteristic phonon lifetime was equal to τLOτ4.5 ps). The energy losses calculated from the τe data in a model with an effective nonequilibrium electron temperature agree with the published data obtained under strong heating conditions.
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Morozov, D. V., Smirnov, K. V., Smirnov, A. V., Lyakhov, V. A., & Goltsman, G. N. (2005). A millimeter-submillimeter phonon-cooled hot-electron bolometer mixer based on two-dimensional electron gas in an AlGaAs/GaAs heterostructure. Semicond., 39(9), 1082–1086.
Abstract: Experimental results obtained by studying the main characteristics of a millimeter-submillimeter wave mixer based on the hot-electron effect in a two-dimensional electron gas in a AlGaAs/GaAs heterostructure with a phonon-scattering cooling mechanism for charge carriers are reported. The gain bandwidth of the mixer is 4 GHz, the internal conversion losses are 13 dB, and the optimum local-oscillator power is 0.5 μW (for a mixer area of 1 μm2). It is shown that a millimeter-submillimeter-wave receiver with a noise temperature of 1900 K can be developed on the basis of a AlGaAs/GaAs mixer. This mixer also appears to be promising for use in array receiver elements.
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Gol’tsman, G. N., & Smirnov, K. V. (2001). Electron-phonon interaction in a two-dimensional electron gas of semiconductor heterostructures at low temperatures. Jetp Lett., 74(9), 474–479.
Abstract: Theoretical and experimental works devoted to studying electron-phonon interaction in the two-dimensional electron gas of semiconductor heterostructures at low temperatures in the case of strong heating in an electric field under quasi-equilibrium conditions and in a quantizing magnetic field perpendicular to the 2D layer are considered.
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Verevkin, A. A., Ptitsina, N. G., Smirnov, K. V., Voronov, B. M., Gol’tsman, G. N., Gershenson, E. M., et al. (1999). Multiple Andreev reflection in hybrid AlGaAs/GaAs structures with superconducting NbN contacts. Semicond., 33(5), 551–554.
Abstract: The conductivity of hybrid microstructures with superconducting contacts made of niobium nitride to a semiconductor with a two-dimensional electron gas in a AlGaAs/GaAs heterostructure has been investigated. Distinctive features of the behavior of the conductivity indicate the presence of multiple Andreev reflection at scattering centers in the normal region near the superconductor-semiconductor boundary.
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Korneeva, Y. P., Trifonov, A. V., Vakhtomin, Y. B., & Smirnov, K. V. (2011). Design of resonator for superconducting single-photon detector. Rus. J. Radio Electron., (12).
Abstract: A resonator for superconducting single-photon detector is designed. Near 60% coupling with a radiation propagating from a dielectric substrate of optical fiber is demonstrated to be achieved for typical values of the detector’s film sheet resistance.
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Semenov, A. V., Devyatov, I. A., Korneev, A. A., Smirnov, K. V., Goltsman, G. N., & Melnikov, A. P. (2012). Derivation of expression for thermodynamic potential of “dirty” superconductor. Rus. J. Radio Electron., (4).
Abstract: We derive a formula for thermodynamic potential of dirty superconductor which express it via isotropic quasiclassical Green functions of Usadel theory. Our result allows unify description of dynamic processes and fluctuations in superconducting nano-electronic devices.
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Korneev, A. A., Divochiy, A. V., Vakhtomin, Y. B., Korneeva, Y. P., Larionov, P. A., Manova, N. N., et al. (2013). IR single-photon receiver based on ultrathin NbN superconducting film. Rus. J. Radio Electron., (5).
Abstract: We present our recent results in research and development of superconducting single-photon detector (SSPD). We achieved the following performance improvement: first, we developed and characterized SSPD integrated in optical cavity and enabling its illumination from the face side, not through the substrate, second, we improved the quantum efficiency of the SSPD at around 3 μm wavelength by reduction of the strip width to 40 nm, and, finally, we improved the detection efficiency of the SSPD-based single-photon receiver system up to 20% at 1550 nm and extended its wavelength range beyond 1800 nm by the usage of the fluoride ZBLAN fibres.
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Zolotov, P. I., Vakhtomin, Y. B., Divochiy, A. V., Seleznev, V. A., & Smirnov, K. V. (2016). Technology development of resonator-based structures for efficiency increasing of NBN detectors of IR single photons. Proc. 5th Int. Conf. Photonics and Information Optics, , 115–116.
Abstract: This paper presents a technology of fabrication of NbN superconductive single- photon detectors, using resonator structures. The main results are related to optimization of the process of NbN sputtering over substrate with metallic mirrors and SiO 2 /Si 3 N 4 layers /4 thick. Investigation of the quantum efficiency of fabricated devices at 1.6 K on 1.55 μm showed triple-magnified value compared to standard Si/NbN structures.
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Romanov, N. R., Zolotov, P. I., & Smirnov, K. V. (2019). Development of disordered ultra-thin superconducting vanadium nitride films. In Proc. 8th Int. Conf. Photonics and Information Optics (pp. 425–426).
Abstract: We present the results of development and research of superconducting vanadium nitride VN films ~10 nm thick having different level of disorder. It is showed that both silicon substrate temperature T sub in process of magnetron sputtering and total gas pressure P affect superconducting transition temperature of sputtered films and R 300 /R 20 ratio defining their level of disorder. VN films suitable for development of superconducting single-photon detectors on their basis are obtained.
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Moshkova, M. A., Divochiy, A. V., Morozov, P. V., Antipov, A. V., Vakhtomin, Y. B., & Smirnov, K. V. (2019). Characterization of topologies of superconducting photon number resolving detectors. In Proc. 8th Int. Conf. Photonics and Information Optics (pp. 465–466).
Abstract: Comparative analysis for different topologies of superconducting single-photon detectors with ability to resolve up to 4 photons in a short pulse of IR radiation has been carry out. It was developed the detector with a system detection efficiency of ~ 85 % at λ = 1550 nm. The possibility of using such detector to restore photon statistics of a pulsed radiation source was demonstrated.
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