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Romanov NR, Zolotov PI, Smirnov KV. Development of disordered ultra-thin superconducting vanadium nitride films. In: Proc. 8th Int. Conf. Photonics and Information Optics.; 2019. p. 425–6.
Abstract: We present the results of development and research of superconducting vanadium nitride VN films ~10 nm thick having different level of disorder. It is showed that both silicon substrate temperature T sub in process of magnetron sputtering and total gas pressure P affect superconducting transition temperature of sputtered films and R 300 /R 20 ratio defining their level of disorder. VN films suitable for development of superconducting single-photon detectors on their basis are obtained.
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Moshkova MA, Divochiy AV, Morozov PV, Antipov AV, Vakhtomin YB, Smirnov KV. Characterization of topologies of superconducting photon number resolving detectors. In: Proc. 8th Int. Conf. Photonics and Information Optics.; 2019. p. 465–6.
Abstract: Comparative analysis for different topologies of superconducting single-photon detectors with ability to resolve up to 4 photons in a short pulse of IR radiation has been carry out. It was developed the detector with a system detection efficiency of ~ 85 % at λ = 1550 nm. The possibility of using such detector to restore photon statistics of a pulsed radiation source was demonstrated.
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Kuznetsov KA, Kornienko VV, Vakhtomin YB, Pentin IV, Smirnov KV, Kitaeva GK. Generation and detection of optical-terahertz biphotons via spontaneous parametric downconversion. In: Proc. ICLO.; 2018. 303.
Abstract: We study spontaneous parametric downconversion (SPDC) in the strongly non-degenerate regime when the idler wave hits the terahertz range. By using the hot-electron bolometer, for the first time the SPDC-generated idler-wave photons were directly detected in the terahertz frequency range. Spectrum of corresponding signal photons was measured using standard technique by the CCD camera. Possible applications of correlated optical-terahertz biphotons are discussed.
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Lobanov YV, Vakhtomin YB, Pentin IV, Khabibullin RA, Shchavruk NV, Smirnov KV, et al. Characterization of the THz quantum cascade laser using fast superconducting hot electron bolometer. EPJ Web Conf. 2018;195:04004 (1 to 2).
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Schroeder E, Mauskopf P, Pilyavsky G, Sinclair A, Smith N, Bryan S, et al. On the measurement of intensity correlations from laboratory and astronomical sources with SPADs and SNSPDs. In: Malbet F, Creech-Eakman MJ, Tuthill PG, editors. Proc. SPIE. Vol 9907. SPIE; 2016. 99070P (1 to 13).
Abstract: We describe the performance of detector modules containing silicon single photon avalanche photodiodes (SPADs) and superconducting nanowire single photon detectors (SNSPDs) to be used for intensity interferometry. The SPADs are mounted in fiber-coupled and free-space coupled packages. The SNSPDs are mounted in a small liquid helium cryostat coupled to single mode fiber optic cables which pass through a hermetic feed-through. The detectors are read out with microwave amplifiers and FPGA-based coincidence electronics. We present progress on measurements of intensity correlations from incoherent sources including gas-discharge lamps and stars with these detectors. From the measured laboratory performance of the correlation system, we estimate the sensitivity to intensity correlations from stars using commercial telescopes and larger existing research telescopes.
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Zolotov PI, Vakhtomin YB, Divochiy AV, Seleznev VA, Smirnov KV. Technology development of resonator-based structures for efficiency increasing of NBN detectors of IR single photons. Proc 5th Int Conf Photonics and Information Optics. 2016:115–6.
Abstract: This paper presents a technology of fabrication of NbN superconductive single- photon detectors, using resonator structures. The main results are related to optimization of the process of NbN sputtering over substrate with metallic mirrors and SiO 2 /Si 3 N 4 layers /4 thick. Investigation of the quantum efficiency of fabricated devices at 1.6 K on 1.55 μm showed triple-magnified value compared to standard Si/NbN structures.
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Hübers H-W, Semenov A, Richter H, Birk M, Krocka M, Mair U, et al. Terahertz heterodyne receiver with a hot-electron bolometer mixer. In: Wold J, Davidson J, editors. Proc. Far-IR, Sub-mm, and mm Detector Technology Workshop.; 2002.
Abstract: During the past decade major advances have been made regarding low noise mixers for terahertz (THz) heterodyne receivers. State of the art hot-electron-bolometer (HEB) mixers have noise temperatures close to the quantum limit and require less than a µW power from the local oscillator (LO). The technology is now at a point where the performance of a practical receiver employing such mixer, rather than the figures of merit of the mixer itself, are of major concern. We have incorporated a phonon-cooled NbN HEB mixer in a 2.5 THz heterodyne receiver and investigated the performance of the receiver. This yields important information for the development of heterodyne receivers such as GREAT (German receiver for astronomy at THz frequencies aboard SOFIA)[1] and TELIS (Terahertz limb sounder), a balloon borne heterodyne receiver for atmospheric research [2]. Both are currently under development at DLR.
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Gol’tsman G, Okunev O, Chulkova G, Lipatov A, Dzardanov A, Smirnov K, et al. Fabrication and properties of an ultrafast NbN hot-electron single-photon detector. IEEE Trans Appl Supercond. 2001;11(1):574–7.
Abstract: A new type of ultra-high-speed single-photon counter for visible and near-infrared wavebands based on an ultrathin NbN hot-electron photodetector (HEP) has been developed. The detector consists of a very narrow superconducting stripe, biased close to its critical current. An incoming photon absorbed by the stripe produces a resistive hotspot and causes an increase in the film’s supercurrent density above the critical value, leading to temporary formation of a resistive barrier across the device and an easily measurable voltage pulse. Our NbN HEP is an ultrafast (estimated response time is 30 ps; registered time, due to apparatus limitations, is 150 ps), frequency unselective device with very large intrinsic gain and negligible dark counts. We have observed sequences of output pulses, interpreted as single-photon events for very weak laser beams with wavelengths ranging from 0.5 /spl mu/m to 2.1 /spl mu/m and the signal-to-noise ratio of about 30 dB.
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Sidorova MV, Divochiy AV, Vakhtomin YB, Smirnov KV. Ultrafast superconducting single-photon detector with a reduced active area coupled to a tapered lensed single-mode fiber. J. Nanophoton.. 2015;9(1):093051.
Abstract: This paper presents an ultrafast niobium nitride (NbN) superconducting single-photon detector (SSPD) with an active area of 3×3 μm2 that offers better timing performance metrics than the previous SSPD with an active area of 7×7 μm2. The improved SSPD demonstrates a record timing jitter (<25 ps), an ultrashort recovery time (<2 ns), an extremely low dark count rate, and a high detection efficiency in a wide spectral range from visible part to near infrared. The record parameters were obtained due to the development of a new technique providing effective optical coupling between a detector with a reduced active area and a standard single-mode telecommunication fiber. The advantages of the new approach are experimentally confirmed by taking electro-optical measurements.
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Shangina EL, Smirnov KV, Morozov DV, Kovalyuk VV, Gol’tsman GN, Verevkin AA, et al. Concentration dependence of the intermediate frequency bandwidth of submillimeter heterodyne AlGaAs/GaAs nanostructures. Bull Russ Acad Sci Phys. 2010;74(1):100–2.
Abstract: The concentration dependence of the intermediate frequency bandwidth of heterodyne AlGaAs/GaAs detectors with 2D electron gas is measured using submillimeter spectroscopy with high time resolution at T= 4.2 K. The intermediate frequency bandwidth f3dBfalls from 245 to 145 MHz with increasing concentration of 2D electrons n s = (1.6-6.6) × 10[su11] cm-2. The dependence f3dB ≈ n s – 0.04±is observed in the studied concentration range; this dependence is determined by electron scattering by the deformation potential of acoustic phonons and piezoelectric scattering.
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