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	Author	Korneev, A.; Korneeva, Y.; Florya, I.; Semenov, A.; Goltsman, G.
	Title	Photon switching statistics in multistrip superconducting single-photon detectors			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2018	Publication	IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond.	Abbreviated Journal	IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond.
	Volume	28	Issue	7	Pages	1-4
	Keywords	SSPD, SNSPD
	Abstract	We study photon count statistics in superconducting single-photon detectors consisting of up to 70 narrow superconducting strips connected in parallel. Using interarrival time analysis, we demonstrate that our samples are operated in the “arm-trigger” regime and require up to seven subsequently absorbed photons to form a resistive state in the whole sample. We also performed numerical simulation of the light and dark count rates versus detector bias current, which are in good agreement with the experimental results.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1051-8223	ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	1304
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	Author	Trifonov, A.; Tong, C.-Y. E.; Grimes, P.; Lobanov, Y.; Kaurova, N.; Blundell, R.; Goltsman, G.
	Title	Development of a silicon membrane-based multipixel hot electron bolometer receiver			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2017	Publication	IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond.	Abbreviated Journal	IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond.
	Volume	27	Issue	4	Pages	1-5
	Keywords	Multi-pixel, NbN HEB, silicon-on-insulator, horn array
	Abstract	We report on the development of a multipixel hot electron bolometer (HEB) receiver fabricated using silicon membrane technology. The receiver comprises a 2 × 2 array of four HEB mixers, fabricated on a single chip. The HEB mixer chip is based on a superconducting NbN thin-film deposited on top of the silicon-on-insulator (SOI) substrate. The thicknesses of the device layer and handling layer of the SOI substrate are 20 and 300 μm, respectively. The thickness of the device layer is chosen such that it corresponds to a quarter-wave in silicon at 1.35 THz. The HEB mixer is integrated with a bow-tie antenna structure, in turn designed for coupling to a circular waveguide, fed by a monolithic drilled smooth-walled horn array.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1051-8223	ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	1324
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	Author	Korneeva, Y.; Florya, I.; Vdovichev, S.; Moshkova, M.; Simonov, N.; Kaurova, N.; Korneev, A.; Goltsman, G.
	Title	Comparison of hot spot formation in nbn and mon thin superconducting films after photon absorption			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2017	Publication	IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond.	Abbreviated Journal	IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond.
	Volume	27	Issue	4	Pages	1-4
	Keywords	MoNx SSPD
	Abstract	In superconducting single-photon detectors (SSPD), the efficiency of local suppression of superconductivity and hotspot formation is controlled by diffusivity and electron-phonon interaction time. Here, we selected a material, 3.6-nm-thick MoNx film, which features diffusivity close to those of NbN traditionally used for SSPD fabrication, but with electron-phonon interaction time an order of magnitude larger. In MoN ∞ detectors, we study the dependence of detection efficiency on bias current, photon energy, and strip width, and compare it with NbN SSPD. We observe nonlinear current-energy dependence in MoNx SSPD and more pronounced plateaus in dependences of detection efficiency on bias current, which we attribute to longer electron-phonon interaction time.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1051-8223	ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	1325
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	Author	Trifonov, A.; Tong, C.-Y. E.; Lobanov, Y.; Kaurova, N.; Blundell, R.; Goltsman, G.
	Title	Photon absorption near the gap frequency in a hot electron bolometer			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2017	Publication	IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond.	Abbreviated Journal	IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond.
	Volume	27	Issue	4	Pages	1-4
	Keywords	NBN HEB mixer
	Abstract	The superconducting energy gap is a fundamental characteristic of a superconducting film, which, together with the applied pump power and the biasing setup, defines the instantaneous resistive state of the Hot Electron Bolometer (HEB) mixer at any given bias point on the I-V curve. In this paper we report on a series of experiments, in which we subjected the HEB to radiation over a wide frequency range along with parallel microwave injection. We have observed three distinct regimes of operation of the HEB, depending on whether the radiation is above the gap frequency, far below it or close to it. These regimes are driven by the different patterns of photon absorption. The experiments have allowed us to derive the approximate gap frequency of the device under test as about 585 GHz. Microwave injection was used to probe the HEB impedance. Spontaneous switching between the superconducting (low resistive) state and a quasi-normal (high resistive) state was observed. The switching pattern depends on the particular regime of HEB operation and can assume a random pattern at pump frequencies below the gap to a regular relaxation oscillation running at a few MHz when pumped above the gap.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1558-2515	ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	1331
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	Author	Korneeva, Y.; Sidorova, M.; Semenov, A.; Krasnosvobodtsev, S.; Mitsen, K.; Korneev, A.; Chulkova, G.; Goltsman, G.
	Title	Comparison of hot-spot formation in NbC and NbN single-photon detectors			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2016	Publication	IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond.	Abbreviated Journal	IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond.
	Volume	26	Issue	3	Pages	1-4
	Keywords	NbC, NbN SSPD, SNSPD
	Abstract	We report an experimental investigation of the hot-spot evolution in superconducting single-photon detectors made of disordered superconducting materials with different diffusivity and energy downconversion time values, i.e., 33-nm-thick NbN and 23-nm-thick NbC films. We have demonstrated that, in NbC film, only 405-nm photons produce sufficiently large hot spot to trigger a single-photon response. The dependence of detection efficiency on bias current for 405-nm photons in NbC is similar to that for 3400-nm photons in NbN. In NbC, large diffusivity and downconversion time result in 1-D critical current suppression profile compared with the usual 2-D profile in NbN.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1051-8223	ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	1348
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	Author	Tong, C.-Y. E.; Trifonov, A.; Shurakov, A.; Blundell, R.; Gol’tsman, G.
	Title	A microwave-operated hot-electron-bolometric power detector for terahertz radiation			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2015	Publication	IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond.	Abbreviated Journal	IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond.
	Volume	25	Issue	3	Pages	2300604 (1 to 4)
	Keywords	NbN HEB mixer
	Abstract	A new class of microwave-operated THz power detectors based on the NbN hot-electron-bolometer (HEB) mixer is proposed. The injected microwave signal ( 1 GHz) serves the dual purpose of pumping the HEB element and enabling the read-out of the internal state of the device. A cryogenic amplifier amplifies the reflected microwave signal from the device and a homodyne scheme recovers the effects of the incident THz radiation. Two modes of operation have been identified, depending on the level of incident radiation. For weak signals, we use a chopper to chop the incident radiation against a black body reference and a lock-in amplifier to perform synchronous detection of the homodyne readout. The voltage measured is proportional to the incident power, and we estimate an optical noise equivalent power of 5pW/ √Hz at 0.83 THz. At higher signal levels, the homodyne circuit recovers the stream of steady relaxation oscillation pulses from the HEB device. The frequency of these pulses is in the MHz frequency range and bears a linear relationship with the incident THz radiation over an input power range of 15 dB. A digital frequency counter is used to measure THz power. The applicable power range is between 1 nW and 1 μW.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1558-2515	ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	1354
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	Author	Samsonova, A. S.; Zolotov, P. I.; Baeva, E. M.; Lomakin, A. I.; Titova, N. A.; Kardakova, A. I.; Goltsman, G. N.
	Title	Signatures of surface magnetic disorder in niobium films			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2021	Publication	IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond.	Abbreviated Journal	IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond.
	Volume	31	Issue	5	Pages	1-5
	Keywords	Nb films
	Abstract	We present our studies on the evolution of the normal and superconducting properties with thickness of thin Nb films with a low level of non-magnetic disorder ( kFl≈150 for the thickest film in the set). The analysis of the superconducting behavior points to the presence of magnetic moments, hidden in the native oxide on the surface of Nb films. Using the Abrikosov-Gorkov theory, we obtain the density of surface magnetic moments of 1013 cm −2 , which is in agreement with the previously reported data for Nb films.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1051-8223	ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	1792
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	Author	Zhang, W.; Miao, W.; Li, S. L.; Zhou, K. M.; Shi, S. C.; Gao, J. R.; Goltsman, G. N.
	Title	Measurement of the spectral response of spiral-antenna coupled superconducting hot electron bolometers			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2013	Publication	IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond.	Abbreviated Journal	IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond.
	Volume	23	Issue	3	Pages	2300804-2300804
	Keywords	NbN HEB detector
	Abstract	Measured spectral response of spiral-antenna coupled superconducting hot electron bolometers (HEBs) often drops dramatically at frequencies that are still within the frequency range of interest (e.g., ~ 5 THz). This is inconsistent with the implied low receiver noise temperatures from the same measurements. To understand this discrepancy, we exhaustively test and calibrate the thermal sources used in Fourier transform spectrometer measurements. We first investigate the absolute emission spectrum of high-pressure Hg arc lamp, then measure the spectral response of two spiral-antenna coupled NbN HEBs with a Martin-Puplett interferometer as spectrometer and 77 K blackbody as broadband signal source. The measured absolute emission spectrum of Hg arc lamp is proportional to frequency, corresponding to an equivalent blackbody temperature of 4000 K at 1 THz, 1500 K at 3 THz, and 800 K at 5 THz, respectively. Measured spectral response of spiral-antenna coupled NbN HEBs, corrected for air absorption, is nearly flat in the frequency range of 0.5-4 THz, consistent with simulated coupling efficiency between HEB and spiral-antenna. These results explain the discrepancy, and prove that spiral-antenna coupled superconducting NbN HEBs work well in a wide frequency range. In addition, this calibration method and these results are broadly applicable to other quasi-optical THz receivers.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1051-8223	ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	1371
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	Author	Shurakov, A.; Tong, C.-Y. E.; Blundell, R.; Kaurova, N.; Voronov, B.; Gol'tsman, G.
	Title	Microwave stabilization of a HEB mixer in a pulse-tube cryocooler			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2013	Publication	IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond.	Abbreviated Journal	IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond.
	Volume	23	Issue	3	Pages	1501504-1501504
	Keywords	NbN HEB mixers
	Abstract	We report the results of our study of the stability of an 800 GHz hot electron bolometer (HEB) mixer cooled with a pulse-tube cryocooler. Pulse-tube cryocoolers introduce temperature fluctuations as well as mechanical vibrations at a frequency of ~1 Hz, both of which can cause receiver gain fluctuations at that frequency. In our system, the motor of the cryocooler was separated from the cryostat to minimize mechanical vibrations, leaving thermal effects as the dominant source of the receiver gain fluctuations. We measured root mean square temperature variations of the 4 K stage of ~7 mK. The HEB mixer was pumped by a solid state local oscillator at 810 GHz. The root mean square current fluctuations at the low noise operating point (1.50 mV, 56.5 μA) were ~0.12 μA, and were predominantly due to thermal fluctuations. To stabilize the bias current, microwave radiation was injected to the HEB mixer. The injected power level was set by a proportional-integral-derivative controller, which completely compensates for the bias current oscillations induced by the pulse-tube cryocooler. Significant improvement in the Allan variance of the receiver output power was obtained, and an Allan time of 5 s was measured.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1051-8223	ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	1372
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	Author	Lusche, R.; Semenov, A.; Il'in, K.; Korneeva, Y.; Trifonov, A.; Korneev, A.; Hubers, H.; Siegel, M.; Gol'tsman, G.
	Title	Effect of the wire width and magnetic field on the intrinsic detection efficiency of superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2013	Publication	IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond.	Abbreviated Journal	IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond.
	Volume	23	Issue	3	Pages	2200205-2200205
	Keywords	SSPD, SNSPD
	Abstract	We present thorough measurements of the intrinsic detection efficiency in the wavelength range from 350 to 2500 nm for meander-type TaN and NbN superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors with different widths of the nanowire. The width varied from 70 nm to 130 nm. The open-beam configuration allowed us to accurately normalize measured spectra and to extract the intrinsic detection efficiency. For detectors from both materials the intrinsic detection efficiency at short wavelengths amounts at 100% and gradually decreases at wavelengths larger than the specific cut-off wavelengths, which decreases with the width of the nanowire. Furthermore, we show that applying weak magnetic fields perpendicular to the meander plane decreases the smallest detectable photon flux.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1051-8223	ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	1376
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	Author	Ryabchun, S.; Tong, C.-Y. E.; Blundell, R.; Kimberk, R.; Gol'tsman, G.
	Title	Study of the effect of microwave radiation on the operation of HEB mixers in the terahertz frequency range			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2007	Publication	IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond.	Abbreviated Journal	IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond.
	Volume	17	Issue	2	Pages	391-394
	Keywords	NbN HEB mixers
	Abstract	We have investigated the effect of injecting microwave radiation, with a frequency much lower than that corresponding to the energy gap of the superconductor, on the performance of the hot-electron bolometer mixer incorporated into a THz heterodyne receiver. More specifically, we show that exposing the mixer to microwave radiation does not cause a significant rise of the receiver noise temperature and fall of the mixer conversion gain so long as the microwave power is a small fraction of local oscillator power. The injection of a small, but controlled amount of microwave power therefore enables active compensation of local oscillator power and coupling fluctuations which can significantly degrade the gain stability of hot electron bolometer mixer receivers.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1051-8223	ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	1427
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	Author	Dauler, E. A.; Robinson, B. S.; Kerman, A. J.; Yang, J. K. W.; Rosfjord, E. K. M.; Anant, V.; Voronov, B.; Gol'tsman, G.; Berggren, K. K.
	Title	Multi-element superconducting nanowire single-photon detector			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2007	Publication	IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond.	Abbreviated Journal	IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond.
	Volume	17	Issue	2	Pages	279-284
	Keywords	SSPD, SNSPD
	Abstract	A multi-element superconducting nanowire single photon detector (MESNSPD) is presented that consists of multiple independently-biased superconducting nanowire single photon detector (SNSPD) elements that form a continuous active area. A two-element SNSPD has been fabricated and tested, showing no measurable crosstalk between the elements, sub-50-ps relative timing jitter, and four times the maximum counting rate of a single SNSPD with the same active area. The MESNSPD can have a larger active area and higher speed than a single-element SNSPD and the input optics can be designed so that the detector provides spatial, spectral or photon number resolution.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1051-8223	ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	1428
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	Author	Jiang, L.; Antipov, S. V.; Voronov, B. M.; Gol'tsman, G. N.; Zhang, W.; Li, N.; Lin, Z. H.; Yao, Q. J.; Miao, W.; Shi, S. C.; Svechnikov, S. I.; Vakhtomin, Y. B.
	Title	Characterization of the performance of a quasi-optical NbN superconducting HEB mixer			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2007	Publication	IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond.	Abbreviated Journal	IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond.
	Volume	17	Issue	2	Pages	395-398
	Keywords	NbN HEB mixers, noise temperature
	Abstract	In this paper we focus mainly on the investigation of the performance of a quasi-optical (planar log-spiral antenna) phonon-cooled NbN superconducting hot electron bolometer (HEB) mixer, which is cryogenically cooled by a close-cycled 4-K cryocooler, at 500 and 850 GHz frequency bands. The mixer's noise performance, stability of IF output power, and local oscillator (LO) power requirement are characterized for three NbN superconducting HEB devices of different sizes. The transmission characteristics of Mylar and Zitex films with incidence waves of an elliptical polarization are also examined by measuring the mixer's noise temperature. The lowest receiver noise temperatures (with no corrections) of 750 and 1100 K are measured at 500 and 850 GHz, respectively. Experimental results also demonstrate that the bigger the HEB device is, the higher the stability of IF output power becomes.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1051-8223	ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	1429
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	Author	Loudkov, D.; Tong, C.-Y. E.; Blundell, R.; Kaurova, N.; Grishina, E.; Voronov, B.; Gol’tsman, G.
	Title	An investigation of the performance of the superconducting HEB mixer as a function of its RF embedding impedance			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2005	Publication	IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond.	Abbreviated Journal	IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond.
	Volume	15	Issue	2	Pages	472-475
	Keywords	waveguide NbN HEB mixers
	Abstract	We have conducted an investigation of the optimal embedding impedance for a waveguide superconducting hot-electron bolometric (HEB) mixer. Three mixer chip designs for 800 GHz, offering nominal embedding resistances of 70 /spl Omega/, 35 /spl Omega/, and 15 /spl Omega/, have been developed. We used both High Frequency Structure Simulator (HFSS) software and scale model impedance measurements in the design process. We subsequently fabricated HEB mixers to these designs using 3-4 nm thick NbN thin film. Receiver noise temperature measurements and Fourier Transform Spectrometer (FTS) scans were performed to determine the optimal combination of embedding impedance and normal-state resistance for a 50 Ohm IF load impedance. A receiver noise temperature of 440 K was measured at a local oscillator frequency 850 GHz for a mixer with normal state resistance of 62 /spl Omega/ incorporated into a circuit offering a nominal embedding impedance of 70 /spl Omega/. We conclude from our data that, for low noise operation, the normal state resistance of the HEB mixer element should be close to the embedding impedance of the mixer mount.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	1439677			Serial	1464
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	Author	Pearlman, A.; Cross, A.; Slysz, W.; Zhang, J.; Verevkin, A.; Currie, M.; Korneev, A.; Kouminov, P.; Smirnov, K.; Voronov, B.; Gol’tsman, G.; Sobolewski, R.
	Title	Gigahertz counting rates of NbN single-photon detectors for quantum communications			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2005	Publication	IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond.	Abbreviated Journal	IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond.
	Volume	15	Issue	2	Pages	579-582
	Keywords	NbN SSPD, SNSPD
	Abstract	We report on the GHz counting rate and jitter of our nanostructured superconducting single-photon detectors (SSPDs). The devices were patterned in 4-nm-thick and about 100-nm-wide NbN meander stripes and covered a 10-/spl mu/m/spl times/10-/spl mu/m area. We were able to count single photons at both the visible and infrared telecommunication wavelengths at rates of over 2 GHz with a timing jitter of below 18 ps. We also present the model for the origin of the SSPD switching dynamics and jitter, based on the time-delay effect in the phase-slip-center formation mechanism during the detector photoresponse process. With further improvements in our readout electronics, we expect that our SSPDs will reach counting rates of up to 10 GHz. An integrated quantum communications receiver based on two fiber-coupled SSPDs and operating at 1550-nm wavelength is also presented.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1558-2515	ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	1465
Permanent link to this record



	Author	Yang, J. K. W.; Dauler, E.; Ferri, A.; Pearlman, A.; Verevkin, A.; Gol’tsman, G.; Voronov, B.; Sobolewski, R.; Keicher, W. E.; Berggren, K. K.
	Title	Fabrication development for nanowire GHz-counting-rate single-photon detectors			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2005	Publication	IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond.	Abbreviated Journal	IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond.
	Volume	15	Issue	2	Pages	626-630
	Keywords	NbN SSPD, SNSPD
	Abstract	We have developed a fabrication process for GHz-counting-rate, single-photon, high-detection-efficiency, NbN, nanowire detectors. We have demonstrated two processes for the device patterning, one based on the standard polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) organic positive-tone electron-beam resist, and the other based on the newer hydrogen silsesquioxane (HSQ) negative-tone spin-on-glass resist. The HSQ-based process is simple and robust, providing high resolution and the prospect of high fill-factors. Initial testing results show superconductivity in the films, and suggest that the devices exhibit photosensitivity.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1558-2515	ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	1466
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	Author	Korneev, A.; Matvienko, V.; Minaeva, O.; Milostnaya, I.; Rubtsova, I.; Chulkova, G.; Smirnov, K.; Voronov, V.; Gol’tsman, G.; Slysz, W.; Pearlman, A.; Verevkin, A.; Sobolewski, R.
	Title	Quantum efficiency and noise equivalent power of nanostructured, NbN, single-photon detectors in the wavelength range from visible to infrared			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2005	Publication	IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond.	Abbreviated Journal	IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond.
	Volume	15	Issue	2	Pages	571-574
	Keywords	NbN SSPD, SNSPD, QE, NEP
	Abstract	We present our studies on the quantum efficiency (QE) and the noise equivalent power (NEP) of the latest-generation, nanostructured, superconducting, single-photon detectors (SSPDs) in the wavelength range from 0.5 to 5.6 /spl mu/m, operated at temperatures in the 2.0- to 4.2-K range. Our detectors are designed as 4-nm-thick and 100-nm-wide NbN meander-shaped stripes, patterned by electron-beam lithography and cover a 10/spl times/10-/spl mu/m/sup 2/ active area. The best-achieved QE at 2.0 K for 1.55-/spl mu/m photons is 17%, and QE for 1.3-/spl mu/m infrared photons reaches its saturation value of /spl sim/30%. The SSPD NEP at 2.0 K is as low as 5/spl times/10/sup -21/ W/Hz/sup -1/2/. Our nanostructured SSPDs, operated at 2.0 K, significantly outperform their semiconducting counterparts, and, together with their GHz counting rate and picosecond timing jitter, they are devices-of-choice for practical quantum key distribution systems and free-space (even interplanetary) quantum optical communications.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1558-2515	ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	1467
Permanent link to this record



	Author	Baubert, J.; Salez, M.; Merkel, H.; Pons, P.; Cherednichenko, S.; Lecomte, B.; Drakinsky, V.; Goltsman, G.; Leone, B.
	Title	IF gain bandwidth of membrane-based NbN hot electron bolometers for SHAHIRA			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2005	Publication	IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond.	Abbreviated Journal	IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond.
	Volume	15	Issue	2	Pages	507-510
	Keywords	NbN HEB mixers, applications
	Abstract	SHAHIRA (Submm Heterodyne Array for HIgh-speed Radio Astronomy) is a project supported by the European Space Agency (ESA) and is designed to fly on the SOFIA observatory. A quasi-optic design has been chosen for 2.5/2.7 THz and 4.7 THz, for hydroxyde radical OH, deuterated hydrogen HD and neutral atomic oxygen OI lines observations. Hot electron bolometers (HEBs) have been processed on 1 /spl mu/m thick SiO/sub 2//Si/sub 3/N/sub 4/ stress-less membranes. In this paper we analyse the intermediate frequency (IF) gain bandwidth from the theoretical point of view, and compare it to measurements.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1558-2515	ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	1468
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	Author	Jiang, L.; Li, J.; Zhang, W.; Yao, Q. J.; Lin, Z. L.; Shi, S. C.; Vachtomin, Y. B.; Antipov, S. V.; Svechnikov, S. I.; Voronov, B. M.; Goltsman, G. N.
	Title	Characterization of NbN HEB mixers cooled by a close-cycled 4 Kelvin refrigerator			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2005	Publication	IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond.	Abbreviated Journal	IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond.
	Volume	15	Issue	2	Pages	511-513
	Keywords	NbN HEB mixers
	Abstract	It is quite beneficial to operate superconducting hot-electron-bolometer (HEB) mixers with a close-cycled 4 Kelvin refrigerator for real applications such as astronomy and atmospheric research. In this paper, a phononcooled NbN HEB mixer (quasioptical type) is thoroughly characterized under such a cooling circumstance. The effects of mechanical vibration, electrical interference, and temperature fluctuation of a two-stage Gifford-McMahon 4 Kelvin refrigerator upon the characteristics of the phononcooled NbN HEB mixer are investigated in particular. Detailed measurement results are presented.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1558-2515	ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	1469
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	Author	Gol’tsman, G. N.; Smirnov, K.; Kouminov, P.; Voronov, B.; Kaurova, N.; Drakinsky, V.; Zhang, J.; Verevkin, A.; Sobolewski, R.
	Title	Fabrication of nanostructured superconducting single-photon detectors			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2003	Publication	IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond.	Abbreviated Journal	IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond.
	Volume	13	Issue	2	Pages	192-195
	Keywords	NbN SSPD, SNSPD
	Abstract	Fabrication of NbN superconducting single-photon detectors, based on the hotspot effect is presented. The hotspot formation arises in an ultrathin and submicrometer-width superconductor stripe and, together with the supercurrent redistribution, leads to the resistive detector response upon absorption of a photon. The detector has a meander structure to maximally increase its active area and reach the highest detection efficiency. Main processing steps, leading to efficient devices, sensitive in 0.4-5 /spl mu/m wavelength range, are presented. The impact of various processing steps on the performance and operational parameters of our detectors is discussed.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1558-2515	ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	1515
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	Author	Kawamura, J.; Tong, C.-Y. E.; Blundell, R.; Papa, D. C.; Hunter, T. R.; Patt, F.; Gol’tsman, G.; Gershenzon, E.
	Title	Terahertz-frequency waveguide NbN hot-electron bolometer mixer			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2001	Publication	IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond.	Abbreviated Journal	IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond.
	Volume	11	Issue	1	Pages	952-954
	Keywords	NbN HEB mixers
	Abstract	We have developed a low-noise waveguide heterodyne receiver for operation near 1 THz using phonon-cooled NbN hot-electron bolometers. The mixer elements are submicron-sized microbridges of 4 nm-thick NbN film fabricated on a quartz substrate. Operating at a bath temperature of 4.2 K, the double-sideband receiver noise temperature is 760 K at 1.02 THz and 1100 K at 1.26 THz. The local oscillator is provided by solid-state sources, and power measured at the source is less than 1 /spl mu/W. The intermediate frequency bandwidth exceeds 2 GHz. The receiver was used to make the first ground-based heterodyne detection of a celestial spectroscopic line above 1 THz.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1558-2515	ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	1546
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	Author	Gerecht, E.; Musante, C. F.; Zhuang, Y.; Yngvesson, K. S.; Gol’tsman, G. N.; Voronov, B. M.; Gershenzon, E. M.
	Title	NbN hot electron bolometric mixerss—a new technology for low-noise THz receivers			Type	Journal Article
	Year	1999	Publication	IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond.	Abbreviated Journal	IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond.
	Volume	47	Issue	12	Pages	2519-2527
	Keywords	NbN HEB mixers
	Abstract	New advances in hot electron bolometer (HEB) mixers have recently resulted in record-low receiver noise temperatures at terahertz frequencies. We have developed quasi-optically coupled NbN HEB mixers and measured noise temperatures up to 2.24 THz, as described in this paper. We project the anticipated future performance of such receivers to have even lower noise temperature and local-oscillator power requirement as well as wider gain and noise bandwidths. We introduce a proposal for integrated focal plane arrays of HEB mixers that will further increase the detection speed of terahertz systems.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1557-9670	ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	1560
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	Author	Il'in, K. S.; Currie, M.; Lindgren, M.; Milostnaya, I. I.; Verevkin, A. A.; Gol'tsman, G. N.; Sobolewski, R.
	Title	Quantum efficiency and time-domain response of superconducting NbN hot-electron photodetectors			Type	Journal Article
	Year	1999	Publication	IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond.	Abbreviated Journal	IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond.
	Volume	9	Issue	2	Pages	3338-3341
	Keywords	NbN SSPD, SNSPD
	Abstract	We report our studies on the response of ultrathin superconducting NbN hot-electron photodetectors. We have measured the photoresponse of few-nm-thick, micron-size structures, which consisted of single and multiple microbridges, to radiation from the continuous-wave semiconductor laser and the femtosecond Ti:sapphire laser with the wavelength of 790 nm and 400 nm, respectively. The maximum responsivity was observed near the film's superconducting transition with the device optimally current-biased in the resistive state. The responsivity of the detector, normalized to its illuminated area and the coupling factor, was 220 A/W(3/spl times/10/sup 4/ V/W), which corresponded to a quantum efficiency of 340. The responsivity was wavelength independent from the far infrared to the ultraviolet range, and was at least two orders of magnitude higher than comparable semiconductor optical detectors. The time constant of the photoresponse signal was 45 ps, when was measured at 2.15 K in the resistive (switched) state using a cryogenic electro-optical sampling technique with subpicosecond resolution. The obtained results agree very well with our calculations performed using a two-temperature model of the electron heating in thin superconducting films.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1051-8223	ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	1566
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	Author	Semenov, A. D.; Gol'tsman, G. N.
	Title	Non-thermal response of a diffusion-cooled hot-electron bolometer			Type	Journal Article
	Year	1999	Publication	IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond.	Abbreviated Journal	IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond.
	Volume	9	Issue	2	Pages	4491-4494
	Keywords	HEB mixers, non-thermal
	Abstract	We present an analysis of a diffusion-cooled hot-electron bolometer in the limiting case of a weak thermalization of non-equilibrium quasiparticles. We propose a new model relying on the non-thermal suppression of the superconducting energy gap by excess quasiparticles. Using material parameters typical for Al, we evaluate performance of the bolometer in the heterodyne regime at terahertz frequencies. Estimates show that the mixer may have quantum limited noise temperature and a few tens of GHz bandwidth, while the required local oscillator power is in the /spl mu/W range due to in-effective suppression of the energy gap by quasiparticles with high energies.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1051-8223	ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	1567
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	Author	Gerecht, E.; Musante, C. F.; Jian, H.; Yngvesson, K. S.; Dickinson, J.; Waldman, J.; Yagoubov, P. A.; Gol'tsman, G. N.; Voronov, B. M.; Gershenzon, E. M.
	Title	New results for NbN phonon-cooled hot electron bolometric mixers above 1 THz			Type	Journal Article
	Year	1999	Publication	IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond.	Abbreviated Journal	IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond.
	Volume	9	Issue	2	Pages	4217-4220
	Keywords	NbN HEB mixers
	Abstract	NbN Hot Electron Bolometric (HEB) mixers have produced promising results in terms of DSB receiver noise temperature (2800 K at 1.56 THz). The LO source for these mixers is a gas laser pumped by a CO/sub 2/ laser and the device is quasi-optically coupled through an extended hemispherical lens and a self-complementary log-periodic toothed antenna. NbN HEBs do not require submicron dimensions, can be operated comfortably at 4.2 K or higher, and require LO power of about 100-500 nW. IF noise bandwidths of 5 GHz or greater have been demonstrated. The DC bias point is also not affected by thermal radiation at 300 K. Receiver noise temperatures below 1 THz are typically 450-600 K and are expected to gradually approach these levels above 1 THz as well. NbN HEB mixers thus are rapidly approaching the type of performance required of a rugged practical receiver for astronomy and remote sensing in the THz region.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1051-8223	ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	1568
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	Author	Yagoubov, P.; Kroug, M.; Merkel, H.; Kollberg, E.; Schubert, J.; Hubers, H.-W.; Schwaab, G.; Gol'tsman, G.; Gershenzon, E.
	Title	Heterodyne measurements of a NbN superconducting hot electron mixer at terahertz frequencies			Type	Journal Article
	Year	1999	Publication	IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond.	Abbreviated Journal	IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond.
	Volume	9	Issue	2	Pages	3757-3760
	Keywords	NbN HEB mixers
	Abstract	The performance of a NbN based phonon-cooled Hot Electron Bolometric (HEB) quasioptical mixer is investigated in the 0.65-3.12 THz frequency range. The device is made from a 3 nm thick NbN film on high resistivity Si and integrated with a planar spiral antenna on the same substrate. The in-plane dimensions of the bolometer strip are 0.2/spl times/2 /spl mu/m. The best results of the DSB noise temperature at 1.5 GHz IF frequency obtained with one device are: 1300 K at 650 GHz, 4700 K at 2.5 THz and 10000 K at 3.12 THz. The measurements were performed at 4.5 K ambient temperature. The amount of local oscillator (LO) power absorbed in the bolometer is about 100 nW. The mixer is linear to within 1 dB compression up to the signal level 10 dB below that of the LO. The intrinsic single sideband conversion gain measured at 650 GHz is -9 dB, the total conversion gain is -14 dB.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1051-8223	ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	1569
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	Author	Gousev, Y. P.; Semenov, A. D.; Goghidze, I. G.; Pechen, E. V.; Varlashkin, A. V.; Gol'tsman, G. N.; Gershenzon, E. M.; Renk, K. F.
	Title	Current dependent noise in a YBa₂Cu₃O_7-δ hot-electron bolometer			Type	Journal Article
	Year	1997	Publication	IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond.	Abbreviated Journal	IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond.
	Volume	7	Issue	2	Pages	3556-3559
	Keywords	YBCO HTS HEB mixers
	Abstract	We investigated the output noise of a YBa₂Cu₃O_7-δ (YBCO) superconducting hot-electron bolometer (HEB) in a large frequency range (10 kHz to 8 GHz); the bolometer either consisted of a structured 50 nm thick YBCO film on LaAlO/sub 3/ or a 30 nm thick film on a MgO substrate. We found that flicker noise dominated at low frequencies (below 1 MHz), while at higher frequencies Johnson noise and a current dependent noise were the main noise sources.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1051-8223	ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	1592
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	Author	Semenov, A. D.; Gousev, Y. P.; Renk, K. F.; Voronov, B. M.; Gol'tsman, G. N.; Gershenzon, E. M.; Schwaab, G.W.; Feinaugle, R.
	Title	Noise characteristics of a NbN hot-electron mixer at 2.5 THz			Type	Journal Article
	Year	1997	Publication	IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond.	Abbreviated Journal	IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond.
	Volume	7	Issue	2	Pages	3572-3575
	Keywords	NbN HEB mixers
	Abstract	The noise temperature of a NbN phonon cooled hot-electron mixer has been measured at a frequency of 2.5 THz for various operating conditions. We obtained for optimal operation a double sideband mixer noise temperature of /spl ap/14000 K and a system conversion loss of /spl ap/23 dB at intermediate frequencies up to 1 GHz. The dependences of the mixer noise temperature on the bias voltage, local oscillator power, and intermediate frequency were consistent with the phenomenological description based on the effective temperature approximation.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1051-8223	ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	1594
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	Author	Svechnikov, S. I.; Okunev, O. V.; Yagoubov, P. A.; Gol'tsman, G. N.; Voronov, B. M.; Cherednichenko, S. I.; Gershenzon, E. M.; Gerecht, E.; Musante, C. F.; Wang, Z.; Yngvesson, K. S.
	Title	2.5 THz NbN hot electron mixer with integrated tapered slot antenna			Type	Journal Article
	Year	1997	Publication	IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond.	Abbreviated Journal	IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond.
	Volume	7	Issue	2	Pages	3548-3551
	Keywords	NbN HEB mixers
	Abstract	A Hot Electron Bolometer (HEB) mixer for 2.5 THz utilizing a NbN thin film device, integrated with a Broken Linearly Tapered Slot Antenna (BLTSA), has been fabricated and is presently being tested. The NbN HEB device and the antenna were fabricated on a SiO₂membrane. A 0.5 micrometer thick SiO₂layer was grown by rf magnetron reactive sputtering on a GaAs wafer. The HEB device (phonon-cooled type) was produced as several parallel strips, 1 micrometer wide, from an ultrathin NbN film 4-7 nm thick, that was deposited onto the SiO₂layer by dc magnetron reactive sputtering. The BLTSA was photoetched in a multilayer Ti-Au metallization. In order to strengthen the membrane, the front-side of the wafer was coated with a 5 micrometer thick polyimide layer just before the membrane formation. The last operation was anisotropic etching of the GaAs in a mixture of HNO₃and H₂O₂.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1051-8223	ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	1595
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	Author	Zorin, M.; Milostnaya, I.; Gol'tsman, G. N.; Gershenzon, E. M.
	Title	Fast NbN superconducting switch controlled by optical radiation			Type	Journal Article
	Year	1997	Publication	IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond.	Abbreviated Journal	IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond.
	Volume	7	Issue	2	Pages	3734-3737
	Keywords	NbN superconducting switch
	Abstract	The switching time and the optical control power of the NbN superconducting switch have been measured. The device is based on the ultrathin film 5-8 nm thick patterned as a structure of several narrow parallel strips (/spl sim/1 /spl mu/m wide) connected to wide current leads. The current-voltage characteristic of the switch at temperature 4.2 K demonstrated a hysteresis due to DC current self-heating. We studied the superconducting-to-resistive state transition induced by both optical and bias-current excitations. The optical pulse duration was /spl sim/20 ps and the rise time of the current step was determined to be less than 50 ps. The optical pulse was delivered to the switch by the semiconductor laser through an optical fiber. We found that the measured switching time is less than the duration of the optical excitation. The threshold optical power density does not exceed 3/spl middot/10/sup 3/ W/cm/sup 2/. The proposed device can be used in the fiber input of LTS rapid single flux quantum circuits.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1051-8223	ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	1596
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	Author	Svechnikov, S.; Gol'tsman, G.; Voronov, B.; Yagoubov, P.; Cherednichenko, S.; Gershenzon, E.; Belitsky, V.; Ekstrom, H.; Kollberg, E.; Semenov, A.; Gousev, Y.; Renk, K.
	Title	Spiral antenna NbN hot-electron bolometer mixer at submm frequencies			Type	Journal Article
	Year	1997	Publication	IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond.	Abbreviated Journal	IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond.
	Volume	7	Issue	2	Pages	3395-3398
	Keywords	NbN HEB mixers
	Abstract	We have studied the phonon-cooled hot-electron bolometer (HEB) as a quasioptical mixer based on a spiral antenna designed for the 0.3-1 THz frequency band and fabricated on sapphire and high resistivity silicon substrates. HEB devices were produced from superconducting 3.5-5 nm thick NbN films with a critical temperature 10-12 K and a critical current density of approximately 10/sup 7/ A/cm/sup 2/ at 4.2 K. For these devices we reached a DSB receiver noise temperature below 1500 K, a total conversion loss of L/sub t/=16 dB in the 500-700 GHz frequency range, an IF bandwidth of 3-4 GHz and an optimal LO absorbed power of /spl sime/4 /spl mu/W. We experimentally analyzed various contributions to the conversion loss and obtained an RF coupling factor of about 5 dB, internal mixer loss of 10 dB and IF mismatch of 1 dB.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1051-8223	ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	1597
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	Author	Semenov, A. D.; Heusinger, M. A.; Renk, K. F.; Menschikov, E.; Sergeev, A. V.; Elant'ev, A. I.; Goghidze, I. G.; Gol'tsman, G. N.
	Title	Influence of phonon trapping on the performance of NbN kinetic inductance detectors			Type	Journal Article
	Year	1997	Publication	IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond.	Abbreviated Journal	IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond.
	Volume	7	Issue	2	Pages	3083-3086
	Keywords	NbN KID
	Abstract	Voltage and microwave photoresponse of NbN thin films to modulated and pulsed optical radiation reveals, far below the superconducting transition, a response time consistent with the lifetime of nonequilibrium quasiparticles. We show that even in 5 nm thick films at 4.2 K the phonon trapping is significant resulting in a quasiparticle lifetime of a few nanoseconds that is an order of magnitude larger than the recombination time. Values and temperature dependence of the quasiparticle lifetime obey the Bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer theory and are in quantitative agreement with the electron-phonon relaxation rate determined from the resistive response near the superconducting transition. We discuss a positive effect of the phonon trapping on the performance of kinetic inductance detectors.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1051-8223	ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	1598
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	Author	Zorin, M.; Gol'tsman, G.N.; Karasik, B.S.; Elantev, A.I.; Gershenzon, E.M.; Lindgren, M.; Danerud, M.; Winkler, D.
	Title	Optical mixing in thin YBa₂Cu₃O_7-x films			Type	Journal Article
	Year	1995	Publication	IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond.	Abbreviated Journal	IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond.
	Volume	5	Issue	2	Pages	2431-2434
	Keywords	YBCO HTS HEB mixers
	Abstract	High quality, j/sub c/ (77 K)>10/sup 6/ A/cm/sup 2/, epitaxial YBa₂Cu₃O_7-x films of 50 nm thickness were patterned into ten parallel 1 /spl mu/m wide strips. The film structure was coupled to a single-mode fiber. Mixer response was obtained at 0.78 /spl mu/m using laser frequency modulation and an optical delay line. Using two semiconductor lasers at 1.55 /spl mu/m wavelength the beating signal was used to measure the photoresponse up to 18 GHz. Nonequilibrium photoresponse in the resistive state of the superconductor was observed. Bolometric response dominates up to 3 GHz, after which the nonequilibrium response is constant up to the frequency limit of our registration system. Using an electron heating model the influence of different thermal processes on the conversion loss has been analyzed. Ways of increasing the sensitivity are also discussed.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1051-8223	ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	1619
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	Author	Karasik, B. S.; Milostnaya, I. I.; Zorin, M. A.; Elantev, A. I.; Gol'tsman, G. N.; Gershenzon, E. M.
	Title	High speed current switching of homogeneous YBaCuO film between superconducting and resistive states			Type	Journal Article
	Year	1995	Publication	IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond.	Abbreviated Journal	IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond.
	Volume	5	Issue	2	Pages	3042-3045
	Keywords	YBCO HTS HEB switches
	Abstract	Transitions of thin structured YBaCuO films from superconducting (S) to normal (N) state and back induced by a supercritical current pulse has been studied. A subnanosecond stage in the film resistance dynamic has been observed. A more gradual (nanosecond) ramp in the time dependence of the resistance follows the fast stage. The fraction of the film resistance which is attained during the fast S-N stage rises with the current amplitude. Subnanosecond N-S switching is more pronounced for smaller amplitudes of driving current and for shorter pulses. The phenomena observed are viewed within the framework of an electron heating model. The expected switching time and repetition rate of an optimized current controlling device are estimated to be 1-2 ps and 80 GHz respectively.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1051-8223	ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	1620
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	Author	Gol'tsman, G.; Kouminov, P.; Goghidze, I.; Gershenzon, E.
	Title	Nonequilibrium kinetic inductive response of YBCO thin films to low power laser pulses			Type	Journal Article
	Year	1995	Publication	IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond.	Abbreviated Journal	IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond.
	Volume	5	Issue	2	Pages	2591-2594
	Keywords	YBCO HTS KID
	Abstract	We have discovered a transient nonequilibrium kinetic inductive voltage response of YBCO thin films to 20 ps pulses of YAG:Nd laser radiation with 0.63 /spl mu/m and 1.54 /spl mu/m wavelength. By increasing the sensitivity of the read-out system with 100 ps resolution time and diminishing the light intensity (fluence 0.1-2 /spl mu/J/cm/sup 2/) and transport current (density /spl les/10/sup 5/ A/cm/sup 2/) we were able to observe a peculiar bipolar signal form with nearly equal amplitudes for each sign. The integration of the kinetic inductive response over time gives the result which is qualitatively, of the same form as the response in the resistive and normal states: the nonequilibrium picosecond scale component is followed by the bolometric nanosecond component. The nonequilibrium response is interpreted as suppression of the order parameter by excess quasiparticles followed by a change both in resistance (for the resistive state) and in kinetic inductance (for the superconducting state).
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1051-8223	ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	1621
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	Author	Karasik, B. S.; Gol'tsman, G. N.; Voronov, B. M.; Svechnikov, S. I.; Gershenzon, E. M.; Ekstrom, H.; Jacobsson, S.; Kollberg, E.; Yngvesson, K. S.
	Title	Hot electron quasioptical NbN superconducting mixer			Type	Journal Article
	Year	1995	Publication	IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond.	Abbreviated Journal	IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond.
	Volume	5	Issue	2	Pages	2232-2235
	Keywords	NbN HEB mixers
	Abstract	Hot electron superconductor mixer devices made of thin NbN films on SiO/sub 2/-Si/sub 3/N/sub 4/-Si membrane have been fabricated for 300-350 GHz operation. The device consists of 5-10 parallel strips each 5 /spl mu/m long by 1 /spl mu/m wide which are coupled to a tapered slot-line antenna. The I-V characteristics and position of optimum bias point were studied in the temperature range 4.5-8 K. The performance of the mixer at higher temperatures is closer to that predicted by theory for uniform electron heating. The intermediate frequency bandwidth versus bias has also been investigated. At the operating temperature 4.2 K a bandwidth as wide as 0.8 GHz has been measured for a mixer made of 6 nm thick film. The bandwidth tends to increase with operating temperature. The performance of the NbN mixer is expected to be better for higher frequencies where the absorption of radiation should be more uniform.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1051-8223	ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	1622
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	Author	Nebosis, R. S.; Heusinger, M. A.; Schatz, W.; Renk, K. F.; Gol’tsman, G. N.; Karasik, B. S.; Semenov, A. D.; Gershenzon, E. M.
	Title	Ultrafast photoresponse of a structured YBa₂Cu₃O_7-δ thin film to ultrashort FIR laser pulses			Type	Journal Article
	Year	1993	Publication	IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond.	Abbreviated Journal	IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond.
	Volume	3	Issue	1	Pages	2160-2162
	Keywords	YBCO HTS detectors
	Abstract	The authors have investigated the photoinduced voltage response of a current-carrying structured YBa₂Cu₃O_7-δ thin film to ultrashort far-infrared (FIR) laser pulses in the frequency range from 0.7 THz to 7 THz. The detector has shown an almost constant sensitivity of 1 mV/W and a noise equivalent power of less than 5*10/sup -7/ W/ square root Hz. The temperature dependence of the decay time of the detector signal was studied for temperatures around the transition temperature of the film ( approximately 80 K). For a detector temperature where dR/dT had its maximum, the authors observed bolometric signals with decay times of about 2 ns, and for lower temperatures they observed nonbolometric signals with decay times of approximately 120 ps; the duration of the nonbolometric signals was limited by the time resolution of the electronic registration equipment.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	1658
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	Author	Semenov, A. D.; Goghidze, I. G.; Gol’tsman, G. N.; Sergeev, A. V.; Aksaev, E. E.; Gershenzon, E. M.
	Title	Non-equilibrium quasiparticle response to radiation and bolometric effect in YBaCuO films			Type	Journal Article
	Year	1993	Publication	IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond.	Abbreviated Journal	IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond.
	Volume	3	Issue	1	Pages	2132-2135
	Keywords	YBCO HTS HEB detectors
	Abstract	The voltage photoresponse of structured current biased YBCO films on different substrates to 20-ps laser pulses of 0.63- mu m and 1.54- mu m wavelengths and to continuously modulated radiation of 2-mm wavelength is measured to temperatures around T_c. Fast picosecond decay of the response to pulsed radiation is followed by slow exponential relaxation with a nanosecond characteristic time depending on the substrate material and film dimensions. The slow component does not depend on wavelength and is attributed to the bolometric effect, while the magnitude of the fast component associated with nonequilibrium response rises with wavelength. More than an order-of-magnitude increase of the nonequilibrium response is seen from near-infrared to millimeter-wave range. This dependence plausibly reflects the low efficiency of multiplication of photoexcited electrons in YBaCuO compared to conventional superconductors.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1558-2515	ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	1659
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	Author	Smirnov, K.; Moshkova, M.; Antipov, A.; Morozov, P.; Vakhtomin, Y.
	Title	The cascade switching of the photon number resolving superconducting single-photon detectors			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2021	Publication	IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond.	Abbreviated Journal	IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond.
	Volume	31	Issue	2	Pages	1-4
	Keywords	PNR SSPD, SNSPD
	Abstract	In this article, present the first detailed study of cascade switching in superconducting photon number resolving detectors. The detectors were made in the form of four parallel nanowires, coupled with the single-mode optical fiber and mounted into a closed-cycle refrigerator with a temperature of 2.1 K. We found out the value of additional false pulses (N cas.sw. ) appearing due to cascade switching and showed that it is possible to set up the detector bias current that corresponds to a high level of the detection efficiency and a low level of N cas.sw. simultaneously. We reached the detection efficiency of 60% and N cas.sw. = 0.3%.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1051-8223	ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	1796
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	Author	Shurakov, Alexander; Tong, Edward; Blundell, Raymond; Gol'tsman, Gregory
	Title	Microwave stabilization of HEB mixer by a microchip controller			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2012	Publication	IEEE MTT-S international microwave symposium digest	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume		Issue		Pages	1-3
	Keywords	HEB mixer stability, microwave injection, Allan variance, Allan time
	Abstract	The stability of a Hot Electron Bolometer (HEB) mixer can be improved by the use of microwave injection. In this article we report a refinement of this approach. We introduce a microchip controller to facilitate the implementation of the stabilization scheme, and demonstrate that the feedback loop effectively suppresses drifts in the HEB bias current, leading to an improvement in the receiver stability. The measured Allan time of the mixer's IF output power is increased to > 10 s.
	Address	Montreal, QC, Canada
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	857
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	Author	Tong, C.-Y. E.; Meledin, D.; Loudkov, D.; Blundell, R.; Erickson, N.; Kawamura, J.; Mehdi, I.; Gol’tsman, G.
	Title	A 1.5 THz Hot-Electron Bolometer mixer operated by a planar diode based local oscillator			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2003	Publication	IEEE MTT-S Int. Microwave Symp. Digest	Abbreviated Journal	IEEE MTT-S Int. Microwave Symp. Digest
	Volume	2	Issue		Pages	751-754
	Keywords	waveguide NbN HEB mixers
	Abstract	We have developed a 1.5 THz superconducting NbN Hot-Electron Bolometer mixer. It is operated by an all-solid-state Local Oscillator comprising of a cascade of 4 planar doublers following an MMIC based W-band power amplifier. The threshold available pump power is estimated to be 1 /spl mu/W.
	Address	Philadelphia, PA, USA
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	1516
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	Author	Meledin, D.; Tong, C.-Y. E.; Blundell, R.; Goltsman, G.
	Title	Measurement of intermediate frequency bandwidth of hot electron bolometer mixers at terahertz frequency range			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2003	Publication	IEEE Microw. Wireless Compon. Lett.	Abbreviated Journal	IEEE Microw. Wireless Compon. Lett.
	Volume	13	Issue	11	Pages	493-495
	Keywords	waveguide NbN HEB mixers
	Abstract	We have developed a new experimental setup for measuring the IF bandwidth of superconducting hot electron bolometer mixers. In our measurement system we use a chopped hot filament as a broadband signal source, and can perform a high-speed IF scan with no loss of accuracy when compared to coherent methods. Using this technique we have measured the 3 dB IF bandwidth of hot electron bolometer mixers, designed for THz frequency operation, and made from 3-4 nm thick NbN film deposited on an MgO buffer layer over crystalline quartz.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1531-1309	ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	1509
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	Author	Tong, C. E.; Blundell, R.; Papa, D. C.; Smith, M.; Kawamura, J.; Gol'tsman, G.; Gershenzon, E.; Voronov, B.
	Title	An all solid-state superconducting heterodyne receiver at terahertz frequencies			Type	Journal Article
	Year	1999	Publication	IEEE Microw. Guid. Wave Lett.	Abbreviated Journal	IEEE Microw. Guid. Wave Lett.
	Volume	9	Issue	9	Pages	366-368
	Keywords	waveguide NbN HEB mixers
	Abstract	A superconducting hot-electron bolometer mixer-receiver operating from 1 to 1.26 THz has been developed. This heterodyne receiver employs two solid-state local oscillators each consisting of a Gunn oscillator followed by two stages of varactor frequency multiplication. The measured receiver noise temperature is 1350 K at 1.035 THz and 2700 K at 1.26 THz. This receiver demonstrates that tunable solid-state local oscillators, supplying only a few micro-watts of output power, can be used in terahertz receiver applications.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1051-8207	ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	1565
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	Author	Tong, C.-Y.E.; Meledin, D.V.; Marrone, D.P.; Paine, S.N.; Gibson, H.; Blundell, R.
	Title	Near field vector beam measurements at 1 THz			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2003	Publication	IEEE Microw. Compon. Lett.	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	13	Issue	6	Pages	235-237
	Keywords	HEB, mixer, waveguide, LO power, local oscillator power, saturation effect, dynamic range
	Abstract	We have performed near-field vector beam measurements at 1.03 THz to characterize and align the receiver optics of a superconducting receiver. The signal source is a harmonic generator mounted on an X-Y translation stage. We model the measured two-dimensional complex beam pattern by a fundamental Gaussian mode, from which we derive the position of the beam center, the beam radius and the direction of propagation. By performing scans in the planes separated by 400 mm, we have confirmed that our beam pattern measurements are highly reliable.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1531-1309	ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	RPLAB @ lobanovyury @			Serial	574
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	Author	Korneev, Alexander; Vachtomin, Yury; Minaeva, Olga; Divochiy, Alexander; Smirnov, Konstantin; Okunev, Oleg; Gol'tsman, Gregory; Zinoni, C.; Chauvin, Nicolas; Balet, Laurent; Marsili, Francesco; Bitauld, David; Alloing, Blandine; Li, Lianhe; Fiore, Andrea; Lunghi, L.; Gerardino, Annamaria; Halder, Matthäus; Jorel, Corentin; Zbinden, Hugo
	Title	Single-photon detection system for quantum optics applications			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2007	Publication	IEEE J. Select. Topics Quantum Electron.	Abbreviated Journal	IEEE J. Select. Topics Quantum Electron.
	Volume	13	Issue	4	Pages	944-951
	Keywords	SSPD, SNSPD
	Abstract	We describe the design and characterization of a fiber-coupled double-channel single-photon detection system based on superconducting single-photon detectors (SSPD), and its application for quantum optics experiments on semiconductor nanostructures. When operated at 2-K temperature, the system shows 10% quantum efficiency at 1.3-Ã‚Â¿m wavelength with dark count rate below 10 counts per second and timing resolution <100 ps. The short recovery time and absence of afterpulsing leads to counting frequencies as high as 40 MHz. Moreover, the low dark count rate allows operation in continuous mode (without gating). These characteristics are very attractive-as compared to InGaAs avalanche photodiodes-for quantum optics experiments at telecommunication wavelengths. We demonstrate the use of the system in time-correlated fluorescence spectroscopy of quantum wells and in the measurement of the intensity correlation function of light emitted by semiconductor quantum dots at 1300 nm.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1077-260X	ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	430
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	Author	Reiger, E.; Pan, D.; Slysz, W.; Jukna, A.; Sobolewski, R.; Dorenbos, S.; Zwiller, V.; Korneev, A.; Chulkova, G.; Milostnaya, I.; Minaeva, O.; Gol'tsman, G.; Kitaygorsky, J.
	Title	Spectroscopy with nanostructured superconducting single photon detectors			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2007	Publication	IEEE J. Select. Topics Quantum Electron.	Abbreviated Journal	IEEE J. Select. Topics Quantum Electron.
	Volume	13	Issue	4	Pages	934-943
	Keywords	SSPD, SNSPD
	Abstract	Superconducting single-photon detectors (SSPDs) are nanostructured devices made from ultrathin superconducting films. They are typically operated at liquid helium temperature and exhibit high detection efficiency, in combination with very low dark counts, fast response time, and extremely low timing jitter, within a broad wavelength range from ultraviolet to mid-infrared (up to 6 mu m). SSPDs are very attractive for applications such as fiber-based telecommunication, where single-photon sensitivity and high photon-counting rates are required. We review the current state-of-the-art in the SSPD research and development, and compare the SSPD performance to the best semiconducting avalanche photodiodes and other superconducting photon detectors. Furthermore, we demonstrate that SSPDs can also be successfully implemented in photon-energy-resolving experiments. Our approach is based on the fact that the size of the hotspot, a nonsuperconducting region generated upon photon absorption, is linearly dependent on the photon energy. We introduce a statistical method, where, by measuring the SSPD system detection efficiency at different bias currents, we are able to resolve the wavelength of the incident photons with a resolution of 50 nm.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1077-260X	ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	1424
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	Author	Matyushkin, Yakov; Fedorov, Georgy; Moskotin, Maksim; Danilov, Sergey; Ganichev, Sergey; Goltsman, Gregory
	Title	Gate-mediated helicity sensitive detectors of terahertz radiation with graphene-based field effect transistors			Type	Abstract
	Year	2020	Publication	Graphene and 2dm Virt. Conf.	Abbreviated Journal	Graphene and 2DM Virt. Conf.
	Volume		Issue		Pages
	Keywords	single layer graphene, SLG, CVD, plasmons, FET
	Abstract	Closing of the so-called terahertz gap results in an increased demand for optoelectronic devices operating in the frequency range from 0.1 to 10 THz. Active plasmonic in field effect devices based on high-mobility two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG) opens up opportunities for creation of on-chip spectrum [1] and polarization [2] analysers. Here we show that single layer graphene (SLG) grown using CVD method can be used for an all-electric helicity sensitive polarization broad analyser of THz radiation. Allourresults show plasmonic nature of response. Devices are made in a configuration ofa field-effect transistor (FET) with a graphene channel that has a length of 2 mkm and a width of 5.5 mkm. Response of opposite polarity to clockwise and anticlockwise polarized radiation is due to special antenna design (see Fig.1c) as follow works [2,3]. Our approaches can be extrapolated to other 2D materials and used as a tool to characterize plasmonic excitations in them. [1]Bandurin, D. A., etal.,Nature Communications, 9(1),(2018),1-8.[2]Drexler, C.,etal.,Journal of Applied Physics, 111(12),(2012),124504.[3]Gorbenko, I. V.,et al.,physica status solidi (RRL)–Rapid Research Letters, 13(3),(2019),1800464.
	Address	Grenoble, France
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference	Graphene and 2dm Virtual Conference & Expo
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	1743
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	Author	Matyushkin, Y.; Kaurova, N.; Voronov, B.; Goltsman, G.; Fedorov, G.
	Title	On chip carbon nanotube tunneling spectroscopy			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2020	Publication	Fullerenes, Nanotubes and Carbon Nanostructures	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	28	Issue	1	Pages	50-53
	Keywords	carbon nanotubes, CNT, scanning tunneling microscope, STM
	Abstract	We report an experimental study of the band structure of individual carbon nanotubes (SCNTs) based on investigation of the tunneling density of states, i.e. tunneling spectroscopy. A common approach to this task is to use a scanning tunneling microscope (STM). However, this approach has a number of drawbacks, to overcome which, we propose another method – tunneling spectroscopy of SCNTs on a chip using a tunneling contact. This method is simpler, cheaper and technologically advanced than the STM. Fabrication of a tunnel contact can be easily integrated into any technological route, therefore, a tunnel contact can be used, for example, as an additional tool in characterizing any devices based on individual CNTs. In this paper we demonstrate a simple technological procedure that results in fabrication of good-quality tunneling contacts to carbon nanotubes.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Taylor & Francis	Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	doi:10.1080/1536383X.2019.1671365			Serial	1269
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	Author	Minaeva, O.; Fraine, A.; Korneev, A.; Divochiy, A.; Goltsman, G.; Sergienko, A.
	Title	High resolution optical time-domain reflectometry using superconducting single-photon detectors			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2012	Publication	Frontiers in Opt. 2012/Laser Sci. XXVIII	Abbreviated Journal	Frontiers in Opt. 2012/Laser Sci. XXVIII
	Volume		Issue		Pages	Fw3a.39
	Keywords	SSPD, SNSPD, Photodetectors; Fiber characterization; Light beams; Optical time domain reflectometry; Photon counting; Single mode fibers; Single photon detectors; Superconductors
	Abstract	We discuss the advantages and limitations of single-photon optical time-domain reflectometry with superconducting single-photon detectors. The higher two-point resolution can be achieved due to superior timing performance of SSPDs in comparison with InGaAs APDs.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Optical Society of America	Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	1237
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	Author	Gershenzon, E. M.; Gol'tsman, G. N.; Elant'ev, A. I.; Karasik, B. S.; Potoskuev, S. E.
	Title	Intense electromagnetic radiation heating of superconductor electrons in resistive state			Type	Journal Article
	Year	1988	Publication	Fizika Nizkikh Temperatur	Abbreviated Journal	Fizika Nizkikh Temperatur
	Volume	14	Issue	7	Pages	753-763
	Keywords	Nb HEB
	Abstract	An experimental study is made of the effect of intense radiation in the millimeter and submillimeter ranges on thin and narrow Nb films in the resistive state. It is found that the excess resistance resulting from radiation and the dependence of its relaxation time on radiation intensity and transport current can be explained in terms of the effect of electron heating. Quantitative agreement is obtained between the experimental data and a homogeneous electron heating model.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	1697
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	Author	Voevodin, E. I.; Gershenzon, E. M.; Goltsman, G. N.; Ptitsina, N. G.; Chulkova, G. M.
	Title	Capture of free holes by charged acceptors in uniaxially deformed Ge			Type	Journal Article
	Year	1988	Publication	Fizika i Tekhnika Poluprovodnikov	Abbreviated Journal	Fizika i Tekhnika Poluprovodnikov
	Volume	22	Issue	3	Pages	540-543
	Keywords	Ge, free holes, capture
	Abstract	Цель настоящей работы — исследование кинетики примесной фотопроводимости p-Ge при сильном одноосном сжатии в широком диапазоне изменения интенсивности примесного подсвета, создающего свободные дырки, и определение сечения каскадного захвата дырок на мелкие заряженные акцепторы в условиях преобладания электрон-фононного механизма потерь энергии.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language	Russian	Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	Захват свободных дырок заряженными акцепторами в одноосно деформированном Ge			Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	1698
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	Author	Blagosklonskaya, L. E.; Gershenzon, E. M.; Gol'tsman, G. N.; Elant'ev, A. I.
	Title	Effect of a high magnetic field on the spectrum of donors in InSb			Type	Journal Article
	Year	1977	Publication	Fizika i Tekhnika Poluprovodnikov	Abbreviated Journal	Fizika i Tekhnika Poluprovodnikov
	Volume	11	Issue	12	Pages	2373-2375
	Keywords	InSb, energy spectrum, donors, high magnetic field
	Abstract
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language	Russian	Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	Воздействие сильного магнитного поля на спектр доноров в InSb			Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	1729
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	Author	Tiulina, V.; Iomdina, E.; Goltsman, G.; Seliverstov, S.; Sianosyan, A.; Teplyakova, K.; Rusova, A.; Zaitsev, S.; Zernii, E.; Senin, I.
	Title	UVB promotes the initiation of uveitic inflammatory and changes in thehydration of the cornea in vivo			Type	Miscellaneous
	Year	2019	Publication	FEBS Open Bio	Abbreviated Journal	FEBS Open Bio
	Volume	9	Issue	S1	Pages	79
	Keywords	medicine; scheimpflug imaging; UVB; confocal microscopy; cornea; optical coherent tomography; rabbit eyes; terahertz radiation
	Abstract	Recently, active research has been conducted in the field of terahertz (THz) scanning of human tissues for noninvasive determination of their hydration level, which haves hown high diagnostic efficiency of this technology in various pathological conditions. Recently, we have developed a laboratory model of the facility for monitoring the state of the water balance of the cornea using THz scanning in vivo, which opens up the possibility of applying this approach in ophthalmology. The aim of the work wasto compare the results of the THz scan of the cornea with its clinical changes using the example of an experimental model of the UV induced keratouveitis. Anexperimental study, which included a comprehensive assessment of clinical changes in the cornea of rabbits during keratouveitis induction, revealed a decrease in the stability of the tear film, pathological changes in the corneal epithelium and stroma, as well as its anatomical and optical parameters. Comparison of data obtained in the THz scan of the cornea with tears production, optical coherence tomography and confocal microscopy showed their consistency in all observation periods, which allows us to conclude that the developed laboratory setup works and the feasibility of further research to promote the corneal hydration evaluation technology in clinical practice. Acknowledgements: Research was funded by the RSF, grant number 161500255.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2211-5463	ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	Poster P-01-040			Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	1276
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	Author	Hübers, H.-W.; Semenov, A.; Richter, H.; Birk, M.; Krocka, M.; Mair, U.; Smirnov, K.; Gol’tsman, G.; Voronov, B.
	Title	Terahertz Heterodyn Receiver with a hot-electron bolometer mixer			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2002	Publication	Far-IR, Sub-mm & MM Detector Technology Workshop	Abbreviated Journal	Far-IR, Sub-mm & MM Detector Technology Workshop
	Volume		Issue		Pages	3-24
	Keywords	NbN HEB mixers
	Abstract	During the past decade major advances have been made regarding low noise mixers for terahertz (THz) heterodyne receivers. State of the art hot-electron-bolometer (HEB) mixers have noise temperatures close to the quantum limit and require less than a µW power from the local oscillator (LO). The technology is now at a point where the performance of a practical receiver employing such mixer, rather than the figures of merit of the mixer itself, are of major concern. We have incorporated a phonon-cooled NbN HEB mixer in a 2.5 THz heterodyne receiver and investigated the performance of the receiver. This yields important information for the development of heterodyne receivers such as GREAT (German receiver for astronomy at THz frequencies aboard SOFIA) [1] and TELIS (Terahertz limb sounder), a balloon borne heterodyne receiver for atmospheric research [2]. Both are currently under development at DLR.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	NASA	Place of Publication		Editor	Wolf, U.; Farhoomand, J.; McCreight, C.R.
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title	NASA CP	Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	Volume: 211408			Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	1537
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	Author	Semenov, A.; Hübers, H.-W.; Engel, A.; Gol’tsman, G.
	Title	Superconducting quantum detector for far infrared astronomy			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2002	Publication	Far-IR, Sub-mm & MM Detector Technology Workshop	Abbreviated Journal	Far-IR, Sub-mm & MM Detector Technology Workshop
	Volume		Issue		Pages	3-49
	Keywords	SQD
	Abstract	We present the concept of the superconducting quantum detector for astronomy. Response to a single absorbed photon appears due to successive formation of a normal spot and phase-slip-centres in a narrow strip carrying sub-critical supercurrent. The detector simultaneously has a moderate energy resolution and a variable cut-off wavelength depending on both the material used and operation conditions. We simulated performance of the background-limited direct detector having the 100-micrometer cut-off wavelength. Low dark count rate will allow to realise 10-21 W Hz-1/2 noise equivalent power at 4 K background radiation. The detection mechanism provides a moderate 1/20 energy resolution at 50-micrometer wavelength.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	NASA	Place of Publication		Editor	Wolf, J.; Farhoomand, J.; McCreight, C.R.
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title	NASA CP	Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	Volume: 211408			Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	1538
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	Author	Wild, W.; Kardashev, N. S.; Likhachev, S. F.; Babakin, N. G.; Arkhipov, V. Y.; Vinogradov, I. S.; Andreyanov, V. V.; Fedorchuk, S. D.; Myshonkova, N. V.; Alexsandrov, Y. A.; Novokov, I. D.; Goltsman, G. N.; Cherepaschuk, A. M.; Shustov, B. M.; Vystavkin, A. N.; Koshelets, V. P.; Vdovin, V.F.; de Graauw, T.; Helmich, F.; vd Tak, F.; Shipman, R.; Baryshev, A.; Gao, J. R.; Khosropanah, P.; Roelfsema, P.; Barthel, P.; Spaans, M.; Mendez, M.; Klapwijk, T.; Israel, F.; Hogerheijde, M.; vd Werf, P.; Cernicharo, J.; Martin-Pintado, J.; Planesas, P.; Gallego, J. D.; Beaudin, G.; Krieg, J. M.; Gerin, M.; Pagani, L.; Saraceno, P.; Di Giorgio, A. M.; Cerulli, R.; Orfei, R.; Spinoglio, L.; Piazzo, L.; Liseau, R.; Belitsky, V.; Cherednichenko, S.; Poglitsch, A.; Raab, W.; Guesten, R.; Klein, B.; Stutzki, J.; Honingh, N.; Benz, A.; Murphy, A.; Trappe, N.; Räisänen, A.
	Title	Millimetron—a large Russian-European submillimeter space observatory			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2009	Publication	Exp. Astron.	Abbreviated Journal	Exp. Astron.
	Volume	23	Issue	1	Pages	221-244
	Keywords	Millimetron space observatory, VLBI, very long baseline interferometry
	Abstract	Millimetron is a Russian-led 12 m diameter submillimeter and far-infrared space observatory which is included in the Space Plan of the Russian Federation for launch around 2017. With its large collecting area and state-of-the-art receivers, it will enable unique science and allow at least one order of magnitude improvement with respect to the Herschel Space Observatory. Millimetron will be operated in two basic observing modes: as a single-dish observatory, and as an element of a ground-space very long baseline interferometry (VLBI) system. As single-dish, angular resolutions on the order of 3 to 12 arc sec will be achieved and spectral resolutions of up to a million employing heterodyne techniques. As VLBI antenna, the chosen elliptical orbit will provide extremely large VLBI baselines (beyond 300,000 km) resulting in micro-arc second angular resolution.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0922-6435	ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	1402
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	Author	Semenov, A.; Engel, A.; Il'in, K.; Gol'tsman, G.; Siegel, M.; Hübers, H.-W.
	Title	Ultimate performance of a superconducting quantum detector			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2003	Publication	Eur. Phys. J. Appl. Phys.	Abbreviated Journal	Eur. Phys. J. Appl. Phys.
	Volume	21	Issue	3	Pages	171-178
	Keywords	NbN SSPD, SNSPD
	Abstract	We analyze the ultimate performance of a superconducting quantum detector in order to meet requirements for applications in near-infrared astronomy and X-ray spectroscopy. The detector exploits a combined detection mechanism, in which avalanche quasiparticle multiplication and the supercurrent jointly produce a voltage response to a single absorbed photon via successive formation of a photon-induced and a current-induced normal hotspot in a narrow superconducting strip. The response time of the detector should increase with the photon energy providing energy resolution. Depending on the superconducting material and operation conditions, the cut-off wavelength for the single-photon detection regime varies from infrared waves to visible light. We simulated the performance of the background-limited infrared direct detector and X-ray photon counter utilizing the above mechanism. Low dark count rate and intrinsic low-frequency cut-off allow for realizing a background limited noise equivalent power of 10−20 W Hz−1/2 for a far-infrared direct detector exposed to 4-K background radiation. At low temperatures, the intrinsic response time of the counter is rather determined by diffusion of nonequilibrium electrons than by the rate of energy transfer to phonons. Therefore, thermal fluctuations do not hamper energy resolution of the X-ray photon counter that should be better than 10−3 for 6-keV photons. Comparison of new data obtained with a Nb based detector and previously reported results on NbN quantum detectors support our estimates of ultimate detector performance.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1286-0042	ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	534
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	Author	Elezov, M. S.; Ozhegov, R. V.; Goltsman, G. N.; Makarov, V.
	Title	Development of the experimental setup for investigation of latching of superconducting single-photon detector caused by blinding attack on the quantum key distribution system			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2017	Publication	EPJ Web of Conferences	Abbreviated Journal	EPJ Web of Conferences
	Volume	132	Issue	2	Pages	2
	Keywords
	Abstract	Recently bright-light control of the SSPD has been demonstrated. This attack employed a â€œbackdoorâ€ in the detector biasing scheme. Under bright-light illumination, SSPD becomes resistive and remains â€œlatchedâ€ in the resistive state even when the light is switched off. While the SSPD is latched, Eve can simulate SSPD single-photon response by sending strong light pulses, thus deceiving Bob. We developed the experimental setup for investigation of a dependence on latching threshold of SSPD on optical pulse length and peak power. By knowing latching threshold it is possible to understand essential requirements for development countermeasures against blinding attack on quantum key distribution system with SSPDs.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	RPLAB @ kovalyuk @			Serial	1116
Permanent link to this record



	Author	Goltsman, G. N.; Samartsev, V. V.; Vinogradov, E. A.; Naumov, A. V.; Karimullin, K. R.
	Title	New generation of superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2015	Publication	EPJ Web of Conferences	Abbreviated Journal	EPJ Web of Conferences
	Volume	103	Issue		Pages	01006 (1 to 2)
	Keywords	SSPD, SNSPD
	Abstract	We present an overview of recent results for new generation of infrared and optical superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors (SNSPDs) that has already demonstrated a performance that makes them devices-of-choice for many applications. SNSPDs provide high efficiency for detecting individual photons while keeping dark counts and timing jitter minimal. Besides superior detection performance over a broad optical bandwidth, SNSPDs are also compatible with an integrated optical platform as a crucial requirement for applications in emerging quantum photonic technologies. By embedding SNSPDs in nanophotonic circuits we realize waveguide integrated single photon detectors which unite all desirable detector properties in a single device.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2100-014X	ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	1349
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	Author	Florya, I. N.; Korneeva, Y. P.; Sidorova, M. V.; Golikov, A. D.; Gaiduchenko, I. A.; Fedorov, G. E.; Korneev, A. A.; Voronov, B. M.; Goltsman, G. N.; Samartsev, V. V.; Vinogradov, E. A.; Naumov, A. V.; Karimullin, K. R.
	Title	Energy relaxtation and hot spot formation in superconducting single photon detectors SSPDs			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2015	Publication	EPJ Web of Conferences	Abbreviated Journal	EPJ Web of Conferences
	Volume	103	Issue		Pages	10004 (1 to 2)
	Keywords	SSPD, SNSPD
	Abstract	We have studied the mechanism of energy relaxation and resistive state formation after absorption of a single photon for different wavelengths and materials of single photon detectors. Our results are in good agreement with the hot spot model.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2100-014X	ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	1351
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	Author	Fedorov, G. E.; Gaiduchenko, I. A.; Golikov, A. D.; Rybin, M. G.; Obraztsova, E. D.; Voronov, B. M.; Coquillat, D.; Diakonova, N.; Knap, W.; Goltsman, G. N.; Samartsev, V. V.; Vinogradov, E. A.; Naumov, A. V.; Karimullin, K. R.
	Title	Response of graphene based gated nanodevices exposed to THz radiation			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2015	Publication	EPJ Web of Conferences	Abbreviated Journal	EPJ Web of Conferences
	Volume	103	Issue		Pages	10003 (1 to 2)
	Keywords	graphene field-effect transistor, FET
	Abstract	In this work we report on the response of asymmetric graphene based devices to subterahertz and terahertz radiation. Our devices are made in a configuration of a field-effect transistor with conduction channel between the source and drain electrodes formed with a CVD-grown graphene. The radiation is coupled through a spiral antenna to source and top gate electrodes. Room temperature responsivity of our devices is close to the values that are attractive for commercial applications. Further optimization of the device configuration may result in appearance of novel terahertz radiation detectors.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2100-014X	ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	1350
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	Author	Lobanov, Y. V.; Shcherbatenko, M. L.; Semenov, A. V.; Kovalyuk, V. V.; Korneev, A. A.; Goltsman, G. N.; Vinogradov, E. A.; Naumov, A. V.; Gladush, M. G.; Karimullin, K. R.
	Title	Heterodyne spectroscopy with superconducting single-photon detector			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2017	Publication	EPJ Web Conf.	Abbreviated Journal	EPJ Web Conf.
	Volume	132	Issue		Pages	01005
	Keywords	SSPD mixer, SNSPD
	Abstract	We demonstrate successful operation of a Superconducting Single Photon Detector (SSPD) as the core element in a heterodyne receiver. Irradiating the SSPD by both a local oscillator power and signal power simultaneously, we observed beat signal at the intermediate frequency of a few MHz. Gain bandwidth was found to coincide with the detector single pulse width, where the latter depends on the detector kinetic inductance, determined by the superconducting nanowire length.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2100-014X	ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	1205
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	Author	Prokhodtsov, A.; Golikov, A.; An, P.; Kovalyuk, V.; Goltsman, G.; Arakelyan, S.; Evlyukhin, A.; Kalachev, A.; Naumov, A.
	Title	Effect of silicon oxide coating on a silicon nitride focusing grating coupler efficiency			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2019	Publication	EPJ Web Conf.	Abbreviated Journal	EPJ Web Conf.
	Volume	220	Issue		Pages	02009
	Keywords	grating coupler, SiO2
	Abstract	The dependence of the efficiency of the focusing grating couplers on the period and filling factor before and after deposition of the upper silicon oxide layer was experimentally studied. The obtained data are of practical importance for tunable integrated-optical devices based on silicon nitride platform.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2100-014X	ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	1188
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	Author	Elmanov, I.; Elmanova, A.; Komrakova, S.; Golikov, A.; Kaurova, N.; Kovalyuk, V.; Goltsman, G.; Arakelyan, S.; Evlyukhin, A.; Kalachev, A.; Naumov, A.
	Title	Method for determination of resists parameters for photonic – integrated circuits e-beam lithography on silicon nitride platform			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2019	Publication	EPJ Web Conf.	Abbreviated Journal	EPJ Web Conf.
	Volume	220	Issue		Pages	03012
	Keywords	e-beam lithography, Si3N4
	Abstract	In the work the thicknesses of the e-beam resists ZEP 520A and ma-N 2400 by using non-destructive method were measured, as well as recipe for the high ratio between the Si3N4 and the resists etching rate was determined. The work has a practical application for e-beam lithography of photonic-integrated circuits and nanophotonics devices based on silicon nitride platform.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2100-014X	ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	1189
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	Author	Elmanova, A.; Elmanov, I.; Komrakova, S.; Golikov, A.; Javadzade, J.; Vorobyev, V.; Bolshedvorskii, S.; Soshenko, V.; Akimov, A.; Kovalyuk, V.; Goltsman, G.; Arakelyan, S.; Evlyukhin, A.; Kalachev, A.; Naumov, A.
	Title	Integration of nanodiamonds with NV-centers on optical silicon nitride structures			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2019	Publication	EPJ Web Conf.	Abbreviated Journal	EPJ Web Conf.
	Volume	220	Issue		Pages	03013
	Keywords	nanodiamonds, NV-centers, Si3N4
	Abstract	In this work we had developed optical structures from silicon nitride for further integration of the nanodiamonds containing NV-centers with them. We have introduced method of the nanodiamonds solution application on the substrates. The work has practical meaning in nanophotonics sphere and in development of optical devices with single-photon sources.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2100-014X	ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	1190
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	Author	Korneev, A.; Kovalyuk, V.; An, P.; Golikov, A.; Zubkova, E.; Ferrari, S.; Kahl, O.; Pernice, W.; Goltsman, G.; Naumov, A. V.; Gladush, M. G.; Karimullin, K. R.
	Title	Superconducting single-photon detector for integrated waveguide spectrometer			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2018	Publication	EPJ Web Conf.	Abbreviated Journal	EPJ Web Conf.
	Volume	190	Issue		Pages	04009
	Keywords	SSPD, SNSPD, Si3N4 waveguides, waveguide spectrometer
	Abstract	We present our recent achievements in the development of an on-chip spectrometer consisting of arrayed waveguide grating made of Si3N4 waveguides and NbN superconducting single-photon detector.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2100-014X	ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	1199
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	Author	Elezov, M.; Scherbatenko, M.; Sych, D.; Goltsman, G.; Arakelyan, S.; Evlyukhin, A.; Kalachev, A.; Naumov, A.
	Title	Towards the fiber-optic Kennedy quantum receiver			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2019	Publication	EPJ Web Conf.	Abbreviated Journal	EPJ Web Conf.
	Volume	220	Issue		Pages	03011 (1 to 2)
	Keywords	SSPD, SNSPD, Kennedy quantum receiver
	Abstract	We consider practical aspects of using standard fiber-optic elements and superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors for the development of a practical quantum receiver based on the Kennedy scheme. Our receiver allows to discriminate two phase-modulated coherent states of light at a wavelength of 1.5 microns in continuous mode with bit rate 200 Kbit/s and error rate about two times below the standard quantum limit.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2100-014X	ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	1288
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	Author	Belosevich, V. V.; Gayduchenko, I. A.; Titova, N. A.; Zhukova, E. S.; Goltsman, G. N.; Fedorov, G. E.; Silaev, A. A.
	Title	Response of carbon nanotube film transistor to the THz radiation			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2018	Publication	EPJ Web Conf.	Abbreviated Journal	EPJ Web Conf.
	Volume	195	Issue		Pages	05012 (1 to 2)
	Keywords	field-effect transistor, FET, carbon nanotube, CNT
	Abstract
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2100-014X	ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	1317
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	Author	Tretyakov, I.; Kaurova, N.; Raybchun, S.; Goltsman, G. N.; Silaev, A. A.
	Title	Technology for NbN HEB based multipixel matrix of THz range			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2018	Publication	EPJ Web Conf.	Abbreviated Journal	EPJ Web Conf.
	Volume	195	Issue		Pages	05011
	Keywords	NbN HEB
	Abstract	The influence of homogeneity disorder degree of the thin superconducting NbN film across of Si wafer on characteristics of the Hot Electron Bolometers (HEB) has been investigated. Our experiments have been carried out near the superconducting transition and far below it. The high homogeneity disorder degree of the NbN film has been achieved by preparing the Si substrate surface. The fabricated HEBs all have almost identical R (T) characteristics with a dispersion of Tc and the normal resistance R300 of not more than 0.15K and 2 Ω, respectively. The quality of the devises allows us to demonstrate clearly the influence of non-equilibrium processes in the S’SS’ system on the device performance. Our fabrication technology also allows creating multiplex heterodyne and direct detector matrices based the HEB devices.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2100-014X	ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	1318
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	Author	Korneeva, Y.; Vodolazov, D.; Florya, I.; Manova, N.; Smirnov, E.; Korneev, A.; Mikhailov, M.; Goltsman, G.; Klapwijk, T. M.; Naumov, A. V.; Gladush, M. G.; Karimullin, K. R.
	Title	Single photon detection in micron scale NbN and α-MoSi superconducting strips			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2018	Publication	EPJ Web Conf.	Abbreviated Journal	EPJ Web Conf.
	Volume	190	Issue		Pages	04010 (1 to 2)
	Keywords	SSPD
	Abstract	We experimentally demonstrate the single photon detection in straight micrometer-wide NbN and α-MoSi bridges. Width of the bridges is 2 µm, while the wavelength of the photon changes from 408 to 1550 nm and critical current exceeds 50% of the depairing current. Obtained results offer the alternative route for design of detectors without resonator and meander structure and indirectly confirm vortex assisted mechanism of single photon detection.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2100-014X	ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	1319
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	Author	Goltsman, G.; Naumov, A. V.; Gladush, M. G.; Karimullin, K. R.
	Title	Quantum photonic integrated circuits with waveguide integrated superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2018	Publication	EPJ Web Conf.	Abbreviated Journal	EPJ Web Conf.
	Volume	190	Issue		Pages	02004 (1 to 2)
	Keywords	waveguide SSPD, SNSPD
	Abstract	We show the design, a history of development as well as the most successful and promising approaches for QPICs realization based on hybrid nanophotonic-superconducting devices, where one of the key elements of such a circuit is a waveguide integrated superconducting single-photon detector (WSSPD). The potential of integration with fluorescent molecules is discussed also.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2100-014X	ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	1320
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	Author	Elezov, M. S.; Ozhegov, R. V.; Goltsman, G. N.; Makarov, V.; Vinogradov, E. A.; Naumov, A. V.; Gladush, M. G.; Karimullin, K. R.
	Title	Development of the experimental setup for investigation of latching of superconducting single-photon detector caused by blinding attack on the quantum key distribution system			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2017	Publication	EPJ Web Conf.	Abbreviated Journal	EPJ Web Conf.
	Volume	132	Issue		Pages	01004 (1 to 2)
	Keywords	QKD, SSPD, SNSPD
	Abstract	Recently bright-light control of the SSPD has been demonstrated. This attack employed a “backdoor” in the detector biasing scheme. Under bright-light illumination, SSPD becomes resistive and remains “latched” in the resistive state even when the light is switched off. While the SSPD is latched, Eve can simulate SSPD single-photon response by sending strong light pulses, thus deceiving Bob. We developed the experimental setup for investigation of a dependence on latching threshold of SSPD on optical pulse length and peak power. By knowing latching threshold it is possible to understand essential requirements for development countermeasures against blinding attack on quantum key distribution system with SSPDs.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2100-014X	ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	1327
Permanent link to this record



	Author	Anfertev, V.; Vaks, V.; Revin, L.; Pentin, I.; Tretyakov, I.; Goltsman, G.; Vinogradov, E. A.; Naumov, A. V.; Gladush, M. G.; Karimullin, K. R.
	Title	High resolution THz gas spectrometer based on semiconductor and superconductor devices			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2017	Publication	EPJ Web Conf.	Abbreviated Journal	EPJ Web Conf.
	Volume	132	Issue		Pages	02001 (1 to 2)
	Keywords	NbN HEB mixers, detectors, THz spectroscopy
	Abstract	The high resolution THz gas spectrometer consists of a synthesizer based on Gunn generator with a semiconductor superlattice frequency multiplier as a radiation source, and an NbN hot electron bolometer in a direct detection mode as a THz radiation receiver was presented. The possibility of application of a quantum cascade laser as a local oscillator for a heterodyne receiver which is based on an NbN hot electron bolometer mixer is shown. The ways for further developing of the THz spectroscopy were outlined.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2100-014X	ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	1328
Permanent link to this record



	Author	Elezov, M. S.; Ozhegov, R. V.; Kurochkin, Y. V.; Goltsman, G. N.; Makarov, V. S.; Samartsev, V. V.; Vinogradov, E. A.; Naumov, A. V.; Karimullin, K. R.
	Title	Countermeasures against blinding attack on superconducting nanowire detectors for QKD			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2015	Publication	EPJ Web Conf.	Abbreviated Journal	EPJ Web Conf.
	Volume	103	Issue		Pages	10002 (1 to 2)
	Keywords	SSPD, SNSPD, QKD
	Abstract	Nowadays, the superconducting single-photon detectors (SSPDs) are used in Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) instead of single-photon avalanche photodiodes. Recently bright-light control of the SSPD has been demonstrated. This attack employed a “backdoor” in the detector biasing technique. We developed the autoreset system which returns the SSPD to superconducting state when it is latched. We investigate latched state of the SSPD and define limit conditions for effective blinding attack. Peculiarity of the blinding attack is a long nonsingle photon response of the SSPD. It is much longer than usual single photon response. Besides, we need follow up response duration of the SSPD. These countermeasures allow us to prevent blind attack on SSPDs for Quantum Key Distribution.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2100-014X	ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	1352
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	Author	Lobanov, Y. V.; Vakhtomin, Y. B.; Pentin, I. V.; Khabibullin, R. A.; Shchavruk, N. V.; Smirnov, K. V.; Silaev, A. A.
	Title	Characterization of the THz quantum cascade laser using fast superconducting hot electron bolometer			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2018	Publication	EPJ Web Conf.	Abbreviated Journal	EPJ Web Conf.
	Volume	195	Issue		Pages	04004 (1 to 2)
	Keywords	NbN HEB, QCL
	Abstract
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2100-014X	ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference	3rd International Conference “Terahertz and Microwave Radiation: Generation, Detection and Applications” (TERA-2018)
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	1808
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	Author	Słysz, W.; Węgrzecki, M.; Bar, J.; Grabiec, P.; Gol'tsman, G. N.; Verevkin, A.; Sobolewski, R.
	Title	NbN superconducting single-photon detector coupled with a communication fiber			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2005	Publication	Elektronika : konstrukcje, technologie, zastosowania	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	46	Issue	6	Pages	51-52
	Keywords	NbN SSPD, SNSPD
	Abstract	We present novel superconducting single-photon detectors (SSPDs), based on ultrathin NbN films, designed for fiber-based quantum communications (lambda = 1.3 žm and 1.55 žm). For fiber-based operation, our SSPDs contain a special micromechanical construction integrated with the NbN structure, which enables efficient and mechanically very stabile fiber coupling. The detectors combine GHz counting rate, high quantum efficiency and very low level of dark counts. At 1.3 – 1.55 žm wavelength range our detector exhibits a quantum efficiency up to 10%.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language	Polish	Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	1481
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	Author	Zhang, J.; Boiadjieva, N.; Chulkova, G.; Deslandes, H.; Gol'tsman, G. N.; Korneev, A.; Kouminov, P.; Leibowitz, M.; Lo, W.; Malinsky, R.; Okunev, O.; Pearlman, A.; Slysz, W.; Smirnov, K.; Tsao, C.; Verevkin, A.; Voronov, B.; Wilsher, K.; Sobolewski, R.
	Title	Noninvasive CMOS circuit testing with NbN superconducting single-photon detectors			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2003	Publication	Electron. Lett.	Abbreviated Journal	Electron. Lett.
	Volume	39	Issue	14	Pages	1086-1088
	Keywords	NbN SSPD, SNSPD, applications
	Abstract	The 3.5 nm thick-film, meander-structured NbN superconducting single-photon detectors have been implemented in the CMOS circuit-testing system based on the detection of near-infrared photon emission from switching transistors and have significantly improved the performance of the system. Photon emissions from both p- and n-MOS transistors have been observed.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0013-5194	ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	1512
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	Author	Eletskii, A. V.; Sarychev, A. K.; Boginskaya, I. A.; Bocharov, G. S.; Gaiduchenko, I. A.; Egin, M. S.; Ivanov, A. V.; Kurochkin, I. N.; Ryzhikov, I. A.; Fedorov, G. E.
	Title	Amplification of a Raman scattering signal by carbon nanotubes			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2018	Publication	Dokl. Phys.	Abbreviated Journal	Dokl. Phys.
	Volume	63	Issue	12	Pages	496-498
	Keywords	carbon nanotubes, CNT, Raman scattering, RLS
	Abstract	The effect of Raman scattering (RLS) signal amplification by carbon nanotubes (CNTs) was studied. Single-layered nanotubes were synthesized by the chemical vapor deposition (CVD) method using methane as a carbon-containing gas. The object of study used was water, the Raman spectrum of which is rather well known. Amplification of the Raman scattering signal by several hundred percent was attained in our work. The maximum amplification of a Raman scattering signal was shown to be achieved at an optimal density of nanotubes on a substrate. This effect was due to the scattering and screening of plasmons excited in CNTs by neighboring nanotubes. The amplification mechanism and the possibilities of optimization for this effect were discussed on the basis of the theory of plasmon resonance in carbon nanotubes.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1028-3358	ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	1775
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	Author	Il'in, K. S.; Karasik, B. S.; Ptitsina, N. G.; Sergeev, A. V.; Gol'tsman, G. N.; Gershenzon, E. M.; Pechen, E. V.; Krasnosvobodtsev, S. I.
	Title	Electron-phonon-impurity interference in thin NbC films: electron inelastic scattering time and corrections to resistivity			Type	Conference Article
	Year	1996	Publication	Czech. J. Phys.	Abbreviated Journal	Czech. J. Phys.
	Volume	46	Issue	S2	Pages	857-858
	Keywords	NbC films
	Abstract	Complex study of transport properties of impure NbC films with the electron mean free pathl=0.6–13 nm show the crucial role of the electron-phonon-impurity interference (EPII). In the temperature range 20–70 K we found the interference correction to resistivity proportional to T2 and to the residual resistivity of the film. Using the comprehensive theory of EPII, we determine the electron coupling with transverse phonons and calculate the electron inelastic scattering time. Direct measurements of the inelastic electron scattering time using a response to a high-frequency amplitude modulated cw radiation agree well with the theory.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0011-4626	ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	1617
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	Author	Chulcova, G. M.; Ptitsina, N. G.; Gershenzon, E. M.; Gershenzon, M. E.; Sergeev, A. V.
	Title	Effect of the interference between electron-phonon and electron-impurity (boundary) scattering on resistivity Nb, Al, Be films			Type	Conference Article
	Year	1996	Publication	Czech J. Phys.	Abbreviated Journal	Czech J. Phys.
	Volume	46	Issue	S5	Pages	2489-2490
	Keywords	Al, Be, Nb films
	Abstract	The temperature dependence of the resistivity of thin Nb, Al, Be films has been studied over a wide temperature range 4-300 K. We have found that the temperature-dependent correction to the residual resistivity is well described by the sum of the Bloch-Grüneisen term and the term originating from the interference between electron-phonon and electron-impurity scattering. Study of the transport interference phenomena allows to determine electron-phonon coupling in disordered metals. The interference term is proportional to T2 and also to the residual resistivity and dominates over the Bloch-Grüneisen term at low temperatures (T<40 K).
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0011-4626	ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	1767
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	Author	Gershenzon, E. M.; Gol'tsman, G. N.; Zorin, M. A.; Karasik, B. S.; Trifonov, V. A.
	Title	Nonequilibrium and bolometric response of YBaCuO films in a resistive state to infrared low intensity radiation			Type	Conference Article
	Year	1994	Publication	Council on Low-temp. Phys.	Abbreviated Journal	Council on Low-temp. Phys.
	Volume		Issue		Pages	82-83
	Keywords	YBCO HTS HEB
	Abstract
	Address	Dubna
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language	Russian	Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference	Joint Inst. for Nuclear Research, Dubna (Russian Federation); 296 p; 1994; p. 82-83; 30. Conference on low-temperature physics; 30. Soveshchanie po fizike nizkikh temperatur; Dubna (Russian Federation); 6-8 Sep 1994
	Notes	Неравновесный и болометрический отклик YBaCuO пленок в резиотивном состоянии на инфракрасное лазерное излучение малой интенсивности			Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	1632
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	Author	Verevkin, A.; Slysz, W.; Pearlman, A.; Zhang, J.; Sobolewski, R.; Okunev, O.; Korneev, A.; Kouminov, P.; Smirnov, K.; Chulkova, G.; Gol’tsman, G. N.; Currie, M.
	Title	Real-time GHz-rate counting of infrared photons using nanostructured NbN superconducting detectors			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2003	Publication	CLEO/QELS	Abbreviated Journal	CLEO/QELS
	Volume		Issue		Pages	CThM8
	Keywords	NbN SSPD; SNSPD; Infrared; Quantum detectors; Detectors; Photon counting; Quantum communications; Quantum cryptography; Single photon detectors; Superconductors
	Abstract	We demonstrate that our ultrathin, nanometer-width NbN superconducting single-photon detectors are capable of above 1-GHz-frequency, real-time counting of near-infrared photons. The measured system jitter of the detector is below 15 ps.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Optical Society of America	Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference	Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics/Quantum Electronics and Laser Science Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	1517
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	Author	Marsili, F.; Bitauld, D.; Divochiy, A.; Gaggero, A.; Leoni, R.; Mattioli, F.; Korneev, A.; Seleznev, V.; Kaurova, N.; Minaeva, O.; Gol’tsman, G.; Lagoudakis, K.G.; Benkahoul, M.; Lévy, F.; Fiore, A.
	Title	Superconducting nanowire photon number resolving detector at telecom wavelength			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2008	Publication	CLEO/QELS	Abbreviated Journal	CLEO/QELS
	Volume		Issue		Pages	Qmj1 (1 to 2)
	Keywords	PNR SSPD; SNSPD; Detectors; Infrared; Low light level; Diode lasers; Photons; Scanning electron microscopy; Superconductors; Ti:sapphire lasers
	Abstract	We demonstrate a photon-number-resolving (PNR) detector, based on parallel superconducting nanowires, capable of resolving up to 5 photons in the telecommunication wavelength range, with sensitivity and speed far exceeding existing approaches.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Optical Society of America	Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN	978-1-55752-859-9	Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	Marsili:08			Serial	1243
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	Author	Zinoni, C.; Alloing, B.; Li, L. H.; Marsili, F.; Fiore, A.; Lunghi, L.; Gerardino, A.; Vakhtomin, Y. B.; Smirnov, K. V.; Gol’tsman, G. N.
	Title	Single-photonics at telecom wavelengths using nanowire superconducting single photon detectors			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2007	Publication	CLEO/QELS	Abbreviated Journal	CLEO/QELS
	Volume		Issue		Pages	QTuF6 (1 to 2)
	Keywords	SSPD, SNSPD
	Abstract	Novel single-photon detectors based on NbN superconducting nanostructures promise orders-of- magnitude improvement over InGaAs APDs. We demonstrate this improved performance for the first time by measuring the g(2)(τ) on single photon states produced by a quantum dot at telecom wavelength.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Optical Society of America	Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference	Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics/Quantum Electronics and Laser Science Conference and Photonic Applications Systems Technologies
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	Zinoni:07			Serial	1432
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	Author	Dauler, E. A.; Kerman, A. J.; Robinson, B. S.; Yang, J. K. W.; Voronov, B. M.; Gol’tsman, G. N.; Berggren, K. K.
	Title	Achieving high counting rates in superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2006	Publication	CLEO/QELS	Abbreviated Journal	CLEO/QELS
	Volume		Issue		Pages	JTuD3 (1 to 2)
	Keywords	SSPD; SNSPD; Detectors; Photodetectors; Quantum optics; Quantum detectors; Photon counting; Photons; Pulse shaping; Quantum communications; Single photon detectors; Superconductors
	Abstract	Kinetic inductance is determined to be the primary limitation to the counting rate of superconducting nanowire single-photon counters. Approaches for overcoming this limitation will be discussed.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Optical Society of America	Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference	Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics/Quantum Electronics and Laser Science Conference and Photonic Applications Systems Technologies
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	1451
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	Author	Rosfjord, K. M.; Yang, J. K. W.; Dauler, E. A.; Anant, V.; Berggren, K. K.; Kerman, A. J.; Voronov, B. M.; Gol’tsman, G. N.
	Title	Increased detection efficiencies of nanowire single-photon detectors by integration of an optical cavity and anti-reflection coating			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2006	Publication	CLEO/QELS	Abbreviated Journal	CLEO/QELS
	Volume		Issue		Pages	JTuF2 (1 to 2)
	Keywords	SSPD, SNSPD
	Abstract	We fabricate and test superconducting NbN-nanowire single-photon detectors with an integrated optical cavity and anti-reflection coating. We design the cavity and coating such as to maximize absorption in the NbN film of the detector.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference	2006 Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics and 2006 Quantum Electronics and Laser Science Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	1452
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	Author	Sobolewski, R.; Verevkin, A.; Gol’tsman, G. N.
	Title	Superconducting optical single-photon detectors			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2004	Publication	CLEO/QELS	Abbreviated Journal	CLEO/QELS
	Volume		Issue		Pages	IThD1
	Keywords	SSPD, QE, jitter, dark counts
	Abstract	We review the development of superconducting single-photon detectors. The devices are characterized by experimental quantum efficiency of ~8% for infrared photons, counting rate ~2 GHz, 18 ps jitter, and <0.01 per second dark counts.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Optical Society of America	Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	Sobolewski:04			Serial	1489
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	Author	Zhang, J.; Pearlman, A.; Slysz, W.; Verevkin, A.; Sobolewski, R.; Okunev, O.; Korneev, A.; Kouminov, P.; Smirnov, K.; Chulkova, G.; Gol’tsman, G. N.; Lo, W.; Wilsher, K.
	Title	Infrared picosecond superconducting single-photon detectors for CMOS circuit testing			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2003	Publication	CLEO/QELS	Abbreviated Journal	CLEO/QELS
	Volume		Issue		Pages	Cmv4
	Keywords	NbN SSPD; SNSPD; Infrared; Quantum detectors; Electron beam lithography; Infrared detectors; Infrared radiation; Quantum efficiency; Single photon detectors; Superconductors
	Abstract	Novel, NbN superconducting single-photon detectors have been developed for ultrafast, high quantum efficiency detection of single quanta of infrared radiation. Our devices have been successfully implemented in a commercial VLSI CMOS circuit testing system.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Optical Society of America	Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference	Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics/Quantum Electronics and Laser Science Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	1518
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	Author	Minaeva, O.; Divochiy, A.; Korneev, A.; Sergienko, A. V.; Goltsman, G. N.
	Title	High speed infrared photon counting with photon number resolving superconducting single-photon detectors (SSPDs)			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2009	Publication	CLEO/Europe – EQEC	Abbreviated Journal	CLEO/Europe – EQEC
	Volume		Issue		Pages
	Keywords	SSPD, SNSPD
	Abstract	A review of development and characterization of the nanostructures consisting of several meander sections, all connected in parallel was presented. Such geometry leads to a significant decrease of the kinetic inductance, without a decrease of the SSPD active area. A new type of SSPDs possess the QE of large-active- area devices, but, simultaneously, allows achieving short response times and the GHz-counting rate. This new generation of superconducting detectors has another significant advantage for quantum key distribution, they have a photon number resolving capability and can distinguish more photons.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	1399
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	Author	Beck, M.; Klammer, M.; Rousseau, I.; Gol’tsman, G. N.; Diamant, I.; Dagan, Y.; Demsar, J.
	Title	Probing superconducting gap dynamics with THz pulses			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2015	Publication	CLEO	Abbreviated Journal	CLEO
	Volume		Issue		Pages	SM3H.3 (1 to 2)
	Keywords	superconducting gap; electric fields; femtosecond pulses; near infrared radiation; picosecond pulses; superconductors; thin films
	Abstract	We studied superconducting gap dynamics in a BCS superconductor NbN and electron doped cuprate superconductor PCCO following excitation with near-infrared (NIR) and narrow band THz pulses. Systematic studies on PCCO imply very selective electron-phonon coupling.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Optical Society of America	Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	1345
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	Author	Xu, Y.; Zheng, X.; Williams, C.; Verevkin, A.; Sobolewski, R.; Chulkova, G.; Lipatov, A.; Okunev, O.; Smirnov, K.; Gol’tsman, G. N.
	Title	Ultrafast superconducting hot-electron single-photon detector			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2001	Publication	CLEO	Abbreviated Journal	CLEO
	Volume		Issue		Pages	345
	Keywords	NbN SSPD, SNSPD
	Abstract	Summary form only given. The current most-pressing need is to develop a practical, GHz-range counting single-photon detector, operational at either 1.3-/spl mu/m or 1.55-/spl mu/m radiation wavelength, for novel quantum communication and quantum cryptography systems. The presented solution of the problem is to use an ultrafast hot-electron photodetector, based on superconducting thin-film microstructures. This type of device is very promising, due to the macroscopic quantum nature of superconductors. Very fast response time and the small, (meV range) value of the superconducting energy gap characterize the superconductor, leading to the efficient avalanche process even for infrared photons.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference	Technical Digest. Summaries of papers presented at the Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics. Postconference Technical Digest (IEEE Cat. No.01CH37170)
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	1545
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	Author	Zhang, Wen; Li, Ning; Jiang, Ling; Miao, Wei; Lin, Zhen-Hui; Yao, Qi-Jun; Shi, Sheng-Cai; Chen, Jian; Wu, Pei-Heng; Svechnikov, S. I.; Vachtomin, Y. B.; Antipov, S. V.; Voronov, B. M.; Gol'tsman, G. N.
	Title	Noise behaviour of a THz superconducting hot-electron bolometer mixer			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2007	Publication	Chinese Phys. Lett.	Abbreviated Journal	Chinese Phys. Lett.
	Volume	24	Issue	6	Pages	1778-1781
	Keywords	NbN HEB mixers
	Abstract	A quasi-optical superconducting NbN hot-electron bolometer (HEB) mixer is measured in the frequency range of 0.5–2.5 THz for understanding of the frequency dependence of noise temperature of THz coherent detectors. It has been found that noise temperature increasing with frequency is mainly due to the coupling loss between the quasi-optical planar antenna and the superconducting HEB bridge when taking account of non-uniform distribution of high-frequency current. With the coupling loss corrected, the superconducting HEB mixer demonstrates a noise temperature nearly independent of frequency.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0256-307X	ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	1430
Permanent link to this record



	Author	Dube, I.; Jiménez, D.; Fedorov, G.; Boyd, A.; Gayduchenko, I.; Paranjape, M.; Barbara, P.
	Title	Understanding the electrical response and sensing mechanism of carbon-nanotube-based gas sensors			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2015	Publication	Carbon	Abbreviated Journal	Carbon
	Volume	87	Issue		Pages	330-337
	Keywords	carbon nanotubes, CNT detectors, field effect transistors, FET
	Abstract	Gas sensors based on carbon nanotube field effect transistors (CNFETs) have outstanding sensitivity compared to existing technologies. However, the lack of understanding of the sensing mechanism has greatly hindered progress on calibration standards and customization of these nano-sensors. Calibration requires identifying fundamental transistor parameters and establishing how they vary in the presence of a gas. This work focuses on modeling the electrical response of CNTFETs in the presence of oxidizing (NO2) and reducing (NH3) gases and determining how the transistor characteristics are affected by gas-induced changes of contact properties, such as the Schottky barrier height and width, and by the doping level of the nanotube. From the theoretical fits of the experimental transfer characteristics at different concentrations of NO2 and NH3, we find that the CNTFET response can be modeled by introducing changes in the Schottky barrier height. These changes are directly related to the changes in the metal work function of the electrodes that we determine experimentally, independently, with a Kelvin probe. Our analysis yields a direct correlation between the ON – current and the changes in the electrode metal work function. Doping due to molecules adsorbed at the carbon-nanotube/metal interface also affects the transfer characteristics.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0008-6223	ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	1778
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	Author	Glejm, A. V.; Anisimov, A. A.; Asnis, L. N.; Vakhtomin, Yu. B.; Divochiy, A. V.; Egorov, V. I.; Kovalyuk, V. V.; Korneev, A. A.; Kynev, S. M.; Nazarov, Yu. V.; Ozhegov, R. V.; Rupasov, A. V.; Smirnov, K. V.; Smirnov, M. A.; Goltsman, G. N.; Kozlov, S. A.
	Title	Quantum key distribution in an optical fiber at distances of up to 200 km and a bit rate of 180 bit/s			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2014	Publication	Bulletin of the Russian Academy of Sciences. Physics	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	78	Issue	3	Pages	171-175
	Keywords	SSPD, SNSPD, applications
	Abstract	An experimental demonstration of a subcarrier-wave quantum cryptography system with superconducting single-photon detectors (SSPDs) that distributes a secure key in a single-mode fiber at distance of 25 km with a bit rate of 800 kbit/s, a distance of 100 km with a bit rate of 19 kbit/s, and a distance of 200 km with a bit rate of 0.18 kbit/s is described.
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	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1062-8738	ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	RPLAB @ kovalyuk @			Serial	940
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	Author	Shangina, E. L.; Smirnov, K. V.; Morozov, D. V.; Kovalyuk, V. V.; Gol’tsman, G. N.; Verevkin, A. A.; Toropov, A. I.
	Title	Concentration dependence of the intermediate frequency bandwidth of submillimeter heterodyne AlGaAs/GaAs nanostructures			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2010	Publication	Bull. Russ. Acad. Sci. Phys.	Abbreviated Journal	Bull. Russ. Acad. Sci. Phys.
	Volume	74	Issue	1	Pages	100-102
	Keywords	2DEG AlGaAs/GaAs heterostructures, THz heterodyne detectors, IF bandwidth
	Abstract	The concentration dependence of the intermediate frequency bandwidth of heterodyne AlGaAs/GaAs detectors with 2D electron gas is measured using submillimeter spectroscopy with high time resolution at T= 4.2 K. The intermediate frequency bandwidth f3dBfalls from 245 to 145 MHz with increasing concentration of 2D electrons n s = (1.6-6.6) × 10[su11] cm-2. The dependence f3dB ≈ n s – 0.04±is observed in the studied concentration range; this dependence is determined by electron scattering by the deformation potential of acoustic phonons and piezoelectric scattering.
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	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
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	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1062-8738	ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	1217
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	Author	Pyatkov, F.; Khasminskaya, S.; Kovalyuk, V.; Hennrich, F.; Kappes, M. M.; Goltsman, G. N.; Pernice, W. H. P.; Krupke, R.
	Title	Sub-nanosecond light-pulse generation with waveguide-coupled carbon nanotube transducers			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2017	Publication	Beilstein J. Nanotechnol.	Abbreviated Journal	Beilstein J. Nanotechnol.
	Volume	8	Issue		Pages	38-44
	Keywords	carbon nanotubes; CNT; infrared; integrated optics devices; nanomaterials
	Abstract	Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have recently been integrated into optical waveguides and operated as electrically-driven light emitters under constant electrical bias. Such devices are of interest for the conversion of fast electrical signals into optical ones within a nanophotonic circuit. Here, we demonstrate that waveguide-integrated single-walled CNTs are promising high-speed transducers for light-pulse generation in the gigahertz range. Using a scalable fabrication approach we realize hybrid CNT-based nanophotonic devices, which generate optical pulse trains in the range from 200 kHz to 2 GHz with decay times below 80 ps. Our results illustrate the potential of CNTs for hybrid optoelectronic systems and nanoscale on-chip light sources.
	Address	Department of Materials and Earth Sciences, Technische Universitat Darmstadt, Darmstadt 64287, Germany
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
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	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2190-4286	ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	PMID:28144563; PMCID:PMC5238692			Approved	no
	Call Number	RPLAB @ kovalyuk @			Serial	1109
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	Author	Bell, M.; Sergeev, A.; Mitin, V.; Bird, J.; Verevkin, A.; Gol'tsman, G.
	Title	One-dimensional resistive states in quasi-two-dimensional superconductors			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2007	Publication	arXiv:0709.0709v1 [cond-mat.supr-con]	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume		Issue		Pages	1-11
	Keywords
	Abstract	We investigate competition between one- and two-dimensional topological excitations – phase slips and vortices – in formation of resistive states in quasi-two-dimensional superconductors in a wide temperature range below the mean-field transition temperature T(C0). The widths w = 100 nm of our ultrathin NbN samples is substantially larger than the Ginzburg-Landau coherence length Î¾ = 4nm and the fluctuation resistivity above T(C0) has a two-dimensional character. However, our data shows that the resistivity below T(C0) is produced by one-dimensional excitations, – thermally activated phase slip strips (PSSs) overlapping the sample cross-section. We also determine the scaling phase diagram, which shows that even in wider samples the PSS contribution dominates over vortices in a substantial region of current/temperature variations. Measuring the resistivity within seven orders of magnitude, we find that the quantum phase slips can only be essential below this level.
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	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	RPLAB @ atomics90 @			Serial	948
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	Author	Pernice, W.; Schuck, C.; Li, M.; Goltsman, G. N.; Sergienko, A. V.; Tang, H. X.
	Title	High speed travelling wave single-photon detectors with near-unity quantum efficiency			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2011	Publication	arXiv	Abbreviated Journal	arXiv
	Volume		Issue		Pages	1-14
	Keywords	SPD
	Abstract	Ultrafast, high quantum efficiency single photon detectors are among the most sought-after elements in modern quantum optics and quantum communication. Close-to-unity photon detection efficiency is essential for scalable measurement-based quantum computation, quantum key distribution, and loophole-free Bell experiments. However, imperfect modal matching and finite photon absorption rates have usually limited the maximum attainable detection efficiency of single photon detectors. Here we demonstrate a superconducting nanowire detector atop nanophotonic waveguides and achieve single photon detection efficiency up to 94% at telecom wavelengths. Our detectors are fully embedded in a scalable, low loss silicon photonic circuit and provide ultrashort timing jitter of 18ps at multi-GHz detection rates. Exploiting this high temporal resolution we demonstrate ballistic photon transport in silicon ring resonators. The direct implementation of such a detector with high quantum efficiency, high detection speed and low jitter time on chip overcomes a major barrier in integrated quantum photonics.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication	arXiv:1108.5299	Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
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	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	RPLAB @ gujma @			Serial	661
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	Author	Beck, M.; Klammer, M.; Lang, S.; Leiderer, P.; Kabanov, V. V.; Gol’tsman, G. N.; Demsar, J.
	Title	Energy-gap dynamics of superconducting NbN thin films studied by time-resolved terahertz spectroscopy			Type	Miscellaneous
	Year	2011	Publication	arXiv	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume		Issue		Pages
	Keywords	NbN thin film, energy gap dynamics
	Abstract	Using time-domain Terahertz spectroscopy we performed direct studies of the photoinduced suppression and recovery of the superconducting gap in a conventional BCS superconductor NbN. Both processes are found to be strongly temperature and excitation density dependent. The analysis of the data with the established phenomenological Rothwarf-Taylor model enabled us to determine the bare quasiparticle recombination rate, the Cooper pair-breaking rate and the electron-phonon coupling constant, \lambda = 1.1 +/- 0.1, which is in excellent agreement with theoretical estimates.
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	Notes	Duplicated as 641			Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	1388
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	Author	Pernice, W.; Schuck, C.; Minaeva, O.; Li, M.; Goltsman, G. N.; Sergienko, A. V.; Tang, H. X.
	Title	High speed and high efficiency travelling wave single-photon detectors embedded in nanophotonic circuits			Type	Miscellaneous
	Year	2012	Publication	arXiv	Abbreviated Journal	arXiv
	Volume	1108.5299	Issue		Pages	1-23
	Keywords	optical waveguides, waveguide SSPD, guantum photonics, jitter, detection efficiency
	Abstract	Ultrafast, high quantum efficiency single photon detectors are among the most sought-after elements in modern quantum optics and quantum communication. High photon detection efficiency is essential for scalable measurement-based quantum computation, quantum key distribution, and loophole-free Bell experiments. However, imperfect modal matching and finite photon absorption rates have usually limited the maximum attainable detection efficiency of single photon detectors. Here we demonstrate a superconducting nanowire detector atop nanophotonic waveguides which allows us to drastically increase the absorption length for incoming photons. When operating the detectors close to the critical current we achieve high on-chip single photon detection efficiency up to 91% at telecom wavelengths, with uncertainty dictated by the variation of the waveguide photon flux. We also observe remarkably low dark count rates without significant compromise of detection efficiency. Furthermore, our detectors are fully embedded in a scalable silicon photonic circuit and provide ultrashort timing jitter of 18ps. Exploiting this high temporal resolution we demonstrate ballistic photon transport in silicon ring resonators. The direct implementation of such a detector with high quantum efficiency, high detection speed and low jitter time on chip overcomes a major barrier in integrated quantum photonics.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	845
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